1、目录CONTENTS第一部分 中医药编辑与出版Section TCM Editing and Publishing面向海外的中医药出版战略与编辑出版对策（夏泽民、刘水）Essential Considerations in TCM Translation and Editing (Mei Li) 试论汉英对照版中医药图书对中医药“走出去”的作用和意义（单宝枝） 在华外国友人阅读中医出版物情况的调查（王淑丽） 我国当前对外中医图书出版的几个条件（孙连民） PMPH Book Distribution in North America (NA) (Greg Jones) 坚持个性与顺应潮流结合下的
2、中医药发展（陈辉）中医药类图书输出版权的若干思考（寿亚荷）从市场的角度浅谈外版中医图书出版（郑俏游）努力提高中医药外文出版物的翻译和编辑水平（张晶晶）繁体中文版市场的中医药图书出版（何志韶）中国中医药院校留学生教育特点与双语教材的出版（孙勇）中药方剂类出版物的海外市场分析现状（周玲）中医海外推广的 Globalization 及 Localization（李云宁）The TCM Book Market in North AmericaQ it is often more appropriate to say “pronounced” or “marked” (i.e., when talkin
3、g about a symptom). Although using the word “obvious” is not grammatically wrong, it can be a peculiar choice of wording in the medical context. Some translation dictionaries provide wrong or misleading English equivalents of Chinese words. For example, I find that rough translators often choose the
4、 word “abortion” for 流产. The translation for 流产 should be “miscarriage” or “spontaneous abortion”, and not just “abortion”. Miscarriage, or spontaneous abortion, occurs due to a pathological cause, and is non-intentional; while the word “abortion (堕胎)” alone commonly refers to the deliberate termina
5、tion of pregnancy by surgical procedure or medication. Translators should be made aware of such differences. Formal vs. Informal WritingIn Chinese writing, it is common to see the use of “等等” or “等”, which can mean “, etc.”; however, in scholarly English, we try not to use this too often. Simply rew
6、rite the sentence to avoid the use of “etc.” For instance, instead of writing “The formula consists of m hung, bi zh, hung q, etc.”, you can write “The formula includes m hung, bi zh, hung q, and other medicinals.” Construction of Sentences and ParagraphsChinese sentences can be quite long. A Chines
7、e sentence can sometimes take up 3 or more lines, with nothing but commas connecting seemingly interrelated clauses. This may be acceptable in Chinese, but when such a sentence is translated word-for-word into English, the manner in which the clauses are related becomes unclear to the English reader
8、. A conglomeration of ideas merely separated by commas without any prepositions or conjunctions makes for extremely lousy writing in the English language; unfortunately, such sentences are too often translated word-for-word by some translators. Add to this atrocity the fact that most of our English
9、editors do not read Chinese and are therefore unable to make sense of these poorly translated sentences, and you have a recipe for total disaster. Too frequently, the project editors at PMPH have had to either retranslate most of the translators work themselves or find another translator to compensa
10、te for the previous translators incompetence, wasting valuable production time. If the initial translator would just learn how to construct a proper sentence in English, the domino effect of problems can be avoided completely. The simple solution to a run-on sentence is to dissect it into shorter on
11、es, and add the necessary prepositions and proper punctuation to link the clauses together into a coherent idea. Since Chinese text takes up a lot less room than English does, Chinese paragraphs can sometimes translate into excessively long English paragraphs that fill up an entire page. The English
12、 language editor is responsible for ensuring that such paragraphs are logically separated into shorter ones.In cases of both the long-winded sentence and the overstretched paragraph, editors who can read Chinese should exercise their revisional power to rewrite everything into concise, smooth-flowin
13、g English.Consider Cultural DifferencesSince Chinese medicine originated in the Middle Kingdom, the appearance of cultural content in TCM literature is inevitable. This content can be quite puzzling to those who are unfamiliar with traditional Chinese culture. It is the English editors responsibilit
14、y to render a translation into language that is easily understood by the Western reader. Those who were raised in an English-speaking environment know the Western culture well and intuitively know what sort of content reflects a cultural difference between the East and the West. In such circumstance
15、s, the editor should consult with the author (via the translator, if necessary) and add an explanation in parentheses after the cultural content. In many cases, the editor might even have to delete things that are completely irrelevant to or non-existent in the Western world, such as certain foods o
16、r patent medicines not readily available in countries other than China. The editor can use comment boxes to mark culturally-relevant data and both the translator and editor should proactively communicate with the author to discuss possible substitutions; if no solution can be found, the content shou
17、ld simply be deleted from the manuscript.Furthermore, contents representing old-world concepts and beliefs that may be seen as condescending to females should be avoided, as they are frowned upon in the West. For instance, if you come across some advice on lifestyle adjustments for women that includ
18、e “engage in more physical activities such as house chores”, it is probably a good idea to delete “house chores” and replace it with more appropriate physical exercises such as jogging, swimming, yoga, pilates, and tai ji quan. Consider Writing StyleA consistent writing style is essential to any pub
19、lication. This should be a basic requirement of any book to be published.Sometimes, there is more than one translator assigned to a book project. This is not an ideal arrangement, but when it cannot be avoided, it is the English language editors responsibility to make sure that the entire book has a
20、 uniform writing style that is appropriate to the topic (see the PMPH Guidelines for more info).Consistency of TerminologyAll TCM terms used should follow a standardized terminology list (such as our PMPH Terms List) and be consistent throughout the manuscript. For instance, when translating “三焦”, t
21、ranslators should not write “sanjiao” one time and then “san jiao” or “sanjiao” later on. According to our standardized terms list, it should always be translated as “sanjiao”. English editors should use comment boxes to mark such inconsistencies, notify their project editor, and send the work back
22、to the translator(s) to be corrected.Consider the Target AudienceIs the book written for the general public, TCM practitioners, students, or MDs? In books written for the general public (i.e., patients) or MDs, try not to use specialized TCM terms when translating. In situations where TCM terms cann
23、ot be avoided, consider adding a glossary of TCM terms (with definitions) in an appendix. In books written for the TCM student or practitioner, refer to one standardized list of translation terms (i.e., the PMPH Terms List) for the English translation of all TCM terms. When using terms relating to W
24、estern allopathic medicine, both the translator and editor should familiarize themselves with English medical texts, written by native speakers, to learn the most current medical terminology. The following websites can be used as reference: http:/www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus http:/ http:/ translation
25、s of pure Chinese medicine context or pre-modern texts, especially when it comes to symptoms, it is best to use non-medical, laymans terms, or pin yin and Chinese characters if the term has no English equivalent, for the sake of preserving the flavor of the original text. Also, we need to acknowledg
26、e that Western medical terms (in the Chinese language) did not exist during the times in which most classics were written, and therefore disease names and symptoms were written in laymans terms whenever possible, or in specially created terms. Commonly used Chinese medicine disease names and symptom
27、s can be found in the PMPH Terms List.For instance, “消渴” should NOT be translated as “diabetes”. There is already a Western medical term for “diabetes” in Chinese, and it is “糖尿病”. Although 消渴 and 糖尿病 are often related, they are still not one and the same. This is just one example of the inaccurate
28、translation of some Chinese medicine terms in numerous English books published in China over the last few decades, which led to much confusion over correct English TCM terminology. Other Examples: Write “painful menstruation” instead of “dysmenorrhea”. Write “abnormal vaginal discharge” instead of “
29、leukorrhea“. As a Chinese medicine symptom or disease, the translation of “哮喘” should be “wheezing and panting”, not “asthma”. The term “asthma” can be used if referring to the disease name in the Western medical context.For terms like “痹证” and “消渴”, where there are no English equivalents, use pin y
30、in followed by Chinese characters in parentheses, and create a glossary as an appendix with definitions of all such terms. Examples: 痹症 should be translated as “b syndrome (痹证)” at first mention, and as b syndrome thereafter. 痹症 should not be confused with 麻痹证, which is translated as “paralysis” 消渴
31、should be translated as “xio k (wasting-thirst, 消渴)” at first mention, and as xio k thereafter. Uncommon TCM terms that have no English equivalent should be translated as the pin yin Romanization (with tones), followed by the Chinese characters in parentheses. For example, 导引 is translated as “do yn
32、 (导引)”. Common Punctuation ErrorsBefore taking on any translation project, a translator should know all the punctuation rules of the target language. The following are some basic, essential English punctuation rules that are often ignored by rough TCM translators, creating much unnecessary and time-
33、consuming work for the editor and delaying production.Inappropriate spacing and punctuation are the most troublesome problem to fix, simply because when they occur, they exist throughout the entire manuscript. Translators should pay extra attention to correct punctuation and spacing. There should be
34、 one space between an open bracket or parenthesis and the preceding word, and one space between a closed bracket or parenthesis and the word that follows. Brackets and parentheses “hug” the content they enclose, meaning that there is no space after an open parenthesis and before a closed parenthesis
35、. There should be one space after a colon, semi-colon or comma. Only ONE space is needed after a period (full stop). Always set your Word to formatting mode, which allows you to see the spaces represented as a dot. This can be turned on by pressing the button on your toolbar (Show/Hide ). Colons and
36、 commas in the text also need to be placed in the right location there should be one space between the comma or colon and the next word. For example: Incorrect: Syndrome Characteristics:Sudden onset ,red skin lesions. Correct: Syndrome Characteristics: Sudden onset, red skin lesions. Incorrect: hu s
37、h(Talcum) , lng dn (Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae ) Correct: hu sh (Talcum), lng dn (Radix et Rhizoma Gentianae)All punctuation in Chinese font types, such as colon :, semi-colon ;, comma , parentheses “()”, and so on, appear differently in English font types. Make sure English punctuation is used. For
38、 example: Incorrect: M Hung Tng （Ephedra Decoction） Correct: M Hung Tng (Ephedra Decoction) Incorrect: Symptoms：abdominal bloating and pain，abdominal mass and back pain。 (Note: These marks do not have spaces after them, even though they appear to.) Correct: Symptoms: Abdominal bloating and pain, abd
39、ominal mass and back pain. Translators that have trouble understanding how to apply correct spacing and punctuation in the English language should read more English books or articles. This article would not be a bad place to start. PMPHs Rules for Pin Yin RomanizationRules for pin yin Romanization m
40、ay differ from publisher to publisher. The following are PMPHs rules for pin yin.The standard pin yin Romanization places the pin yin of the characters in a Chinese word together, as in hny pnyn. At PMPH, we believe it is more practical to separate the pin yin of each character so that the reader ca
41、n clearly see which pin yin belongs to which character. Also, since our preferred font type is Palatino Linotype, our third tone mark looks more rounded than the one used in standard pin yin Romanization (which is a sharp downward arrowhead: ). The sharp third tone mark does not exist for most vowel
42、s in Palatino Linotype font.For books published by PMPH, all pin yin terms are in lower case and italicized, with tone marks. There are a few terms that are excluded from this rule (see below). See Annex 6 - Pn Yn Tones in the PMPH Publishing Guidelines to learn how to add tone marks to pin yin text
43、. For example: lng dn There are 6 pin yin words that do not need tones or italics since they have been accepted in the English language. They are: 气 = qi 阴 = yin 阳 = yang 太极拳 = tai ji quan 气功 = qi gong 推拿 = tui naThe following are some pin yin terms in TCM that do not need tone marks because they ar
44、e so frequently used. They retain their pin yin spelling without having to add the tones or be placed in italics. Some terms are written as one word even though they consist of more than one character syllable. More such terms can be found in our PMPH Terms List. 脏腑 = zang-fu 三焦 = sanjiao 上焦 = upper
45、 jiao 中焦 = middle jiao 下焦 = lower jiao 太阴 = taiyin 阳明 = yangming 少阴 = shaoyin 太阳 = taiyang 厥阴 = jueyin 少阳 = shaoyangTo summarize, the translation of Chinese medicine literature requires the collaborative effort of many players. With proper teamwork, a great deal can be achieved in this field. I hope
46、 this article will help to facilitate the improvement of English-language TCM titles as well as promote long-term cooperation between the Peoples Medical Publishing House and our authors, translators and editors.试论汉英对照版中医药图书对中医药“走出去”的作用和意义单宝枝 编审上海科学技术出版社，上海 随着社会经济的发展和现代科技的进步，人类生存环境、生活水平发生了巨大变化,人类医学模
47、式、医疗模式和疾病谱正在发生转变，在现代医学不能充分满足人类防治疾病、维护健康需求的今天，国际社会已经意识到包括中医药在内的传统医药的健康观念、医疗实践的有效性与现代医学的结合将可能为人类提供医疗卫生保健新模式。WHO 强调传统医药能够在实现“ 人人享有卫生保健”方面发挥重大作用，致力于在世界范围内推进传统医药与现代医药的结合。包括中医药在内的世界传统医药巨大的医疗科研价值、市场潜力正在世界范围内受到重视,国际市场需求不断增加。因此，科学有效地发挥中医药学的医疗保健作用，是本世纪世界卫生工作的特点之一。这既是中国的机遇，又是世界的机遇。如何将数千年中华文化历史积淀铸就的中国医药学进一步发扬光大
48、，这是我辈岐黄传人义不容辞的职责。加快中医药走向世界的步伐，还有很多工作要做，从中医药图书出版的角度而言，适合国外读者学习的中医药著作、教材、科普读物的翻译、编撰、出版是极其重要的方面，旨在为国际社会了解有关中医药的知识、文化、价值观念提供完整准确、科学客观的资料。作为长期耕耘在“走出去” 中医药图书出版编辑领域的资深编辑，本人一直坚守汉英对照版中医药图书的编辑出版。尽管汉英对照版中医药图书是小众市场的图书，而且译著一般很难得大奖，但本人认为这是一件非常有意义的事情，值得去做，所以尽管难、辛苦，但我仍耕耘在这片土地上。为什么选择汉英对照版？因为本人认为汉英对照版中医药图书的出版对中医药“ 走出
49、去” 的作用和意义重大。其作用和意义具体何在？简述如下：一、汉英对照版中医药图书是中医药“走出去”重要和必要的工具和手段有种说法，一流国家输出文化和价值观，二流国家输出技术和规则，三流国家输出产品和劳力。书籍尤其是经典书籍，是文化和价值观的最忠实的载体。然而，中国在输出文化和价值观方面，与中国悠久灿烂的历史文化和泱泱大国的身份地位严重不符。一个典型的例子是，中国每年引进图书上万种，占国内图书市场交易额的 10%15%，输出图书则只有千余种，还不到世界图书市场交易额的 0.3%。中医药学是世界传统医学体系中最完整的传统医学，其学科理论独到、临床疗效突出，既是科学的，同时中医药学作为中华传统文化最直接、最有效、最独特的载体，
