1、语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的执行者时为主动语态，主语是动作的承受者时为被动语态。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有及物动词和一些相当于及物动词的词组才有被动语态。汉语往往用 “被、受、给” 等词来表示被动意义。,第 九 章 被 动 语 态,一般现在时:am/is/are + p.p. 如：I clean the room. / The room is cleaned by me.,1. 被动语态的构成,被动语态由 “be+过去分词 (p.p.)” 构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化来表现出来的，过去
2、分词部分不变。疑问句和否定句的变化也如此。,一般过去时was/were + p.p. 如：He cleaned the room. / The room was cleaned by him.,一般将来时 will/be going to + be +p.p. 如：He will clean the room. / The room will be cleaned by him.,当不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没必要指出动作的执行者是谁时: The book is written for children.,2. 被动语态的用法,(2) 强调或突出动作的承受者时，而不强调动作的执行者时: The
3、 window was broken yesterday.,(3) 当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时: Many houses were destroyed by the accident.,考点1一般现在时的被动语态 (主语+am/is/are + p.p.),肯定句 The floor is cleaned every day. The flowers are watered every day. I am told to hand in homework on time.,否定句 The floor isnt cleaned every day. The flowers arent
4、 watered every day. I am not told to hand in homework on time.,一般疑问句 Is the floor cleaned every day？ Are the flowers watered every day？ Are you told to hand in homework on time？,真题热身,( )1. Dont smoke here, Dad. Smoking _ in public places. Oh, sorry. I will stop right now.(2015福州市)A. isnt allowed B.
5、arent allowed C. doesnt allow ( )2. These days, teenagers often have to do what they to. Its not good for their independence. They need to think on their own.（2016厦门市)A. tell B. are telling C. are told,中考真题,A,C,考点 2一般过去时的被动语态 (主语+was/were + p.p.),肯定句 The cup was broken by Jim. The trees were planted
6、 by the students last year.,否定句 The cup wasnt broken by Jim. The trees werent planted by the students last year.,一般疑问句 Was the cup broken by Jim？ Were the trees planted by the students last year？,真题热身,( )1. Last week the old books to raise money for Free the Children.（2016泉州市)A. sold B. are sold C.
7、were sold ( ) 2. Dont you know the meeting two hours ago? No, I dont. (2015泉州市)A. was canceled B. canceled C. is canceled,中考真题,C,C,考 点 3一般将来时的被动语态 (主语+will/be going to+be+p.p.),肯定句 The meeting will be held in October. The meeting is going to be held in October.,否定句 The meeting wont be held in Octobe
8、r. The meeting isnt going to be held in October.,一般疑问句 Will the meeting be held in October？ Is the meeting going to be held in October？,真题热身,( ) 1. When is the 31st Olympic Games? It _ in Rio de Janeiro of Brazil in August, 2016.（2016福州市)A. held B. is held C. will be held ( ) 2. You _ another day to
9、 make your decision. (2016南平市)A. give B. are giving C. will be given,中考真题,C,B,考点4被动语态在运用过程中的几个注意事项,连系动词如smell，taste，sound，look，taste等用主动结构表示被动。如：The food smells bad.,(2) 不及物动词及部分动词短语，如happen，take place，belong to，break down 等没有被动语态，如：My car broke down on my way to school.,(3) 动词短语变为被动语态时，不能去掉短语中的介词或副
10、词，如look after，take care of等，如: They look after the child well.,(4) 主动语态中的 “十大动词”，如make，see，feel，let，hear，watch，notice，listen to，look等后常接不带to的动词不定式，但变为被动语态时要加to, 如：He makes the girl stay at home. =The girl is made to stay at home.,(5) 有些及物动词表示主语 (多为物) 的某种性质而非人为的原因时，作不及物动词，没有被动形式，如sell，write，ride，draw
11、等，且这些动词后多有well，如：The bike rides well.,(6) need doing，be worth doing中的doing表示被动意义，如：Your shoes need washing. =Your shoes need to be washed.,be used to do sth. /be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 be used as sth.被用作 be used by sb.被某人使用 be made of/from sth.由构成 (可看出原料/不可看出原料) be made in swh./by sb.在何地制造/由某人制造
12、 be covered with/by被 覆盖 be filled with被装满 be sold out卖完，卖光 be seen/heard to do被看见/听到做 be made to do被迫做某事 Its said/reported/believed that据说/据报道/人们相信,常用的被动语态词组,真题热身,( )1.The girl was made her brothers _ clothes. (2015邵阳市)A. to wash B. wash C. washing ( ) 2. The workers were made _ from morning to night in the past. (2015眉山市)A. worked B. to work C. work D. working,中考 真 题,A,B,
