1、第 5 讲,短文填空,短文填空是中考中一个难度比较大的题型。它所涉及的知识面广，灵活性高，综合性也很强。它不仅考查考生在词汇、语法和习惯用法等方面的基础知识，还考查考生理解、推导、分析等综合能力。从表面上看它是考查考生对单词的辨认能力，而实质上它既考查了考生掌握单词的数量及准确性，又考查了他们对上下文以及词义的理解和判断能力，由此考查考生的知识记忆与再现能力。,一、解题步骤,1跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。,解题时先跳过空格，通读短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。在通读过程中，若能够想到应该填什么的可以先直接填上，但后面
2、要检查核对。,2复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。,把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。,3三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。,在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等方面进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。,二、解题技巧做好短文填空题要求考生具备扎实的语法基础、理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌握英语的习惯用法和固定搭配，熟记
3、英语单词的拼写。做短文填空时可从以下几个方面着手：1从上下文的结构和语境方面考虑。有的空必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什么单词。,day.,例,(2012 年广东)I have had a lot of (73)_ every,“I understand that it is important to do my homework”从而可确定填homework/schoolwork/work。,解析,根据短文可知此处需要填入一个名词，再根据下文,2从语法方面考虑。短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括：名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、冠词、介词和连词的选用等。
4、,例1,(2012 年广东)The longer the holidays are, the,(78)_ homework I get.I really feel bad about it.,解析,根据句意可知要填形容词 much ，又根据上文“The,longer”可确定此处考查的是形容词比较级的常用句型“the 比较级，the比较级”，表示“越越”。故此处应填more。,例2,(2012 年广东)I am looking forward to a holiday,(79)_ homework so that I can relax and have some timefor my hobb
5、ies.,解析,分析句子结构可知，句中缺少定语，故这里应填一,个介词，与 homework 一起构成介词短语作定语。又根据下文“Ican relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空应填表示“没有”作业的without。,例3,(2012 年广东)Im upset these days.I have,(71)_ problem, .,解析,名词前面一般填冠词或形容词，句中已有 Im upset，,故可确定应填一个冠词。problem 在此是第一次提及，故应用不定冠词 a。,解析,such as 意为“例如”，是固定搭配，故第77 空填,as。,4先易
6、后难。,在做题过程中遇到个别空格填不出的，可以适当跳过，待全部完成后，再考虑填不出的空格，这样未知的信息就越来越少。当明确空格的意思后，可以把与表达此意有关的词罗列出来，找出最好的和最有把握的词填进去。,5检查错误。,在填完后，应该将短文重新审读一次，检查答案是否有不,合题意的或有语法错误等。,(一)2012 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试,Nov. 26, 2011, Saturday,Cloudy,I am upset these days.I have (71)_ problem, and I do,not,(72)_ how to deal with it.,I have had a lo
7、t of,(73)_ every day since I became a,Grade 9 student.I have no choice but to do it.I often stay up late tofinish it and then feel (74)_ the next day.,(75)_ I understand that it is important to do myhomework and (76)_ it in on time, sometimes I still dontwant to do so much homework.I almost have no
8、free time for myhobbies, (77)_ as playing volleyball and ping-pong.Theworst thing is that I even have homework on weekends andholidays.The longer the holidays are, the (78)_ homeworkI get.I really feel bad about that.,I am looking forward to a holiday (79)_ homework sothat I can relax and have some
9、time for my hobbies.What should Ido? I really hope that someone can give (80)_ somesuggestions.I am sure they will be of great value to me.,本文是一篇日记，主要写了一个孩子因为有太多作业而感到很累、不开心，他希望能够拥有一个没有作业的轻松假期，并希望有人能够给他一些建议。,71.a,名 词 前 面 一 般 填 冠 词 或 形 容 词 ， 句 中 已 有,“Im upset”，故可确定应填一个冠词。problem 在此是第一次提及，故应用不定冠词 a。,72
10、.know,根据 句意 ，此 处应 该是 “我不 知道 怎样 处,理”，前面有“I do not”，所以后面应填 know。,73.homework/schoolwork/work,根据短文可知此处需要,74.tired/sleepy feel 是系动词，后面应接形容词，而根据上文分析，因为“我”经常熬夜完成作业，所以会感到累(tired)或困倦(sleepy)。故填 tired/sleepy。75.Although/Though 根据上下文的描述可知，本句应意为“虽然我知道做作业并按时上交作业很重要，但是有时我还是不想做太多的作业”。分析句子结构可知，此处填although/though。,
11、填入一个名词，再根据下文“I understand that it is important todo my homework”从而可确定填 homework/schoolwork/work。,76.hand,联系上下文可知，本句句意为“按时上交作,业”。hand in 上交，是固定搭配。,77.such,such as 例如，是固定搭配。,78.more 根据句意可知要填形容词 much，又根据上文“The longer” 可确定此处考查的是形容词比较级的常用句型“ the比较级，the比较级”，表示“越越”。故此处应填 more。,79.without 分析句子结构可知，句中缺少定语，故这
12、里应填一个介词，与 homework 一起构成介词短语作定语。又根据下文“I can relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空应填表示“没有”作业的 without。,80.me 根据句意，此处指“给我”，空格前面是 give，,故空格处应该填宾格 me。,(二),2011 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试,Li Ming is a middle school student.His 15th birthday iscoming on (71)_ 3rd.One day, Li Ming walked past theshoe shop at the
13、street corner.Once again, he stopped to look at the,shop (72)_He felt happy to see the shoes that he wanted,very much were still there.He really wanted to have (73)_for his birthday.Looking down at his old shoes, he felt sorry forhimself.,He sadly walked away and thought (74)_ to tell hismother abou
14、t it.He knew she would give him (75)_ heliked if she could.But he also knew very well she had little money,for that ￥ 1299-Nike Shoes.He (76)_ not to go home at,once, as he didnt want to upset his mother.So he went to the park,and sat on the (77)_.There he saw a girl in a wheel,chair.He noticed that
15、 the girl (78)_ the wheel with herhands.Li Ming watched her carefully and was (79)_ to findthat the girl had no feet.He looked at his own feet.“Its much(80)_ to be without shoes than without feet.” hethought.There was no reason for him to feel so sorry and sad.Hewent away and smiled, thinking he was
16、 luckier.,李明想要一双很贵的鞋作为生日礼物，但他知道母亲并没有那么多钱，心情沮丧之余，他来到公园，见到一个坐着轮椅的女孩，想到自己没有鞋子比没有脚要好得多，于是心情豁然开朗。71.July 根据第一幅图下方的信息可知李明生日是在 7 月3 日，故填 July。,72.window,根据第二幅图可知李明是站在商店的“橱,窗”前看鞋子，故填 window。,73.them,根据上文可知李明想要这双鞋子作为生日礼,74.how 根据题干可知此处应填一个疑问词，构成“疑问词不定式”的结构，再根据下文可知李明是不知“如何”开口，故填 how。75.anything/everything 根据句意可知如果能力允许，母亲会给李明“任何东西/所有东西”。,因为不想让母亲为难，所以李明“决定”暂,76.decided时不回家。,物，因为鞋子是复数，故用代词 them。,77.grass/ground,由第三幅图可知李明是坐在了“草地,78.pushed/moved 由第四幅图可知，女孩坐着轮椅，那么她要前进就要用手来“推动”轮椅。,79.surprised,由第四幅图中李明的表情可知他发现女孩,80.better 由下文中的 than 可知应填比较级。比起没有双腿，没有鞋子自然是“好得多”。,上”。,没有双腿时是“惊讶的”。,
