1、1语法填空答题规律一、命题揭秘材料短文特点(1)短文体裁：近三年都是记叙文。建议：备考练习不 局限于此，应各种体裁的文章都要练习。(2)短文题材：生活经历或成语故事，其内容或体现文化内涵 ，或给人心灵以启迪等。(3)短文难度：没有超出课标的生词，但有课标单词的派生词 。(4)短文长度：170200 词。考试大纲说明阅读下面短文, 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求, 在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空, 并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3140 的相应位置上.近四年广东 语法填空考 点分布情况知识点分布动词（含非谓语） 形容词 连词 介词 代词 冠词 名词2007 2 1 2
2、 2 2 1 02008 2 1 2 2 2 0 12009 3 0 1 2 2 1 12010 2 3 2 1 1 1 02011 2 2 2 1 2 1 02012 2 2 3 1 1 1 0 2009 年语法填空本文讲叙 Jane 在圣诞节给父亲 选礼物，因往年送父亲领带不能使父亲高兴，满以为这次买烟斗送父亲会让父亲高兴的，买回来后却被告知父亲戒烟了。Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult 31 was to choose a suitable Christmas present
3、for her father. She 2wished that he was as easy 32 (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.31. it。在宾语从句中作形式主 语，真正的主语是 to choose。32. to please。在形容词后作状语，只能用动词不定式，且用主动形式表示被动含义。Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not 33 pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or
4、 34 (push) you with their elbows (肘部), 34 (hurry) ahead to get to a bargain.Jane paused in front of a counter 35 some attractive ties were on display. “They are real silk,” the assistant tried to attract her. “Worth double the price.” But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 (choose) of ties h
5、ardly ever pleased her father.33. a。表示 “一次”愉快的经历。34. pushed。与 stepped 并列，也用一般过去时。35. where。因两句之间没有连词，必定是填连接性词语；后句是定语从句，要填的词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词 where。36. choice。在形容词性 物主代词后 一定是用名词形式。Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes 37 sale. She did not hesitate for
6、long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please 38 .When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already 39 table having supper. Her mother was excited. “Your father has at last decide
7、d to stop smoking,” Jane 40 (inform).37. on。因表示“出售”的 on sale 是固定搭配。38. him。给父亲买礼 物，根据常识应 是使父亲高兴，代替“父亲”，作宾语用人称代词宾格。please him 使他高兴。39. at。名词(table)在句中不作主语，也不作动词的宾语，很可能就是作介词的宾3语；由 having supper 可知，填 at；因为 at table表示“在餐桌边，在进餐”，也是习惯搭配。40. was informed。因 Jane与 inform 是被动关系，又是一般过去时, 故用一般过去时的被动语态。2008 年语法填
8、空Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. 31 these proverbs there are often interesting stories. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story.31. Behind。指“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事” ，表示“在 之后”，用介词 behind。3
9、2. to help。因 “帮助禾苗长 ”是“将禾苗拔高”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式。It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help 33 rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about 34 day and night. But the crop was growing much slower than he expected.One day, he came up with an idea 35 he
10、 would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. He did so the next day.33. his。由 his crop, the crop 可知，此处填限定词；这个急性子 人当然是急于使他自己的禾苗长得快，故填 his。34. it/this。代替前文中的(how) to help his crop grow up quickly。35. that。引导同位语从句，说明 idea 的具体内容，名词性从句的结构和意义已非常完整，故用 that 引导。He was very tired 36 doing this for a whole da
11、y, 37 he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” 38 (high).His son heard about this and went to see the crop. Unfortunately the leaves of the crop began to wither.436. after /from。因“他感到很累”应是“在他做了一整天事之后 ”，表示“在之后”，动名词前面用介词 after；另外 be tired from doing(因做某事而累)是固定搭配，故也可填 from。37. but。因 very happy与前面的
12、very tired是转折关系，而这两句之间是逗号且没有连词，故填连词 but。38. higher。指比他 pluck up a few inches 之前“长”得更高了，这是省略了than before 的隐性的比较级。This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 (nature) course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention.39. natural。在名词 c
13、ourse 前作定语，要用形容词。40. results。此句 Being too anxious to help an event develop 是动名词短语作主语，resul t 应是谓语动词，应当考虑的是它的时态；“急于求成，往往会事与愿违”是客观真理，应当用一般现在时；动名词作主语，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填results。2012 年语法填空Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _16_( wear ) sun glasses. He wal
14、ked in as if he _17_( buy ) the school , And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City .16. wearing 17. had bought For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt _18 _ ( please ), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasnt her, it was prob
15、ably the fact that she sat in _19_last row.18. pleased 19. the5_ 20_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back ,he was wrong . It might have made it a little _21_( hard ) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ,but that didnt stop the kids in the class. Of course wh
16、enever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary,_22_made her feel like a star .20. If 21. harder 22.which “Do you need those glasses for medical reasons ?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head.” Then Id appreciate it if you didnt wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes w
17、hen Im speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher _23_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered _24_ the boy would do .Then he took _25_ off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool.“23.for 24.what 25.them16. wearing 17. had bought 18.pleased 19. the 20. If21. harder 22.which 23.fo
18、r 24.what 25.them2013 年高考惠州第三次调研测试题阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 16-25 的相应位置上。While many young people were enjoying the final weeks of summer vacation, Zach Bonner was working his hardest. According to the St. Petersburg Times, Zach started walking from Valrico
19、, Florida, his hometown, on Christmas, 2009, and stepped over the Los Angeles city line nine months later in September, covering a total of 2,478 miles 16 _ raising close to $120,000 for kids in need. Along the way, Zach attended school online, thanks to his mother, Laurie Bonner, and brother and si
20、ster 17 _ alternated walking and driving 6alongside him. Despite 18 _ age, Zach has a long history of helping others. 19 _ Hurricane Charley hit his hometown in 2004，Zach，then six, pulled a wagon through his neighborhood 20_(collect) food for storm victims. Since then, he 21 _ (raise) some $400,000
21、for his tax-exempt Little Red Wagon Foundation, 22_ gives money to projects aiding 23 _ (home) and troubled children. In 2007，Zach began walking to support a childrens charity in Florida, 24 _ (finish) his journey 23 days later, 280 miles away in Tallahassee. Then 25 _ the summer of 2009，he walked a
22、bout 670 miles from Atlanta to Washington, D.C., in just two months. What really keeps me going is 26 _ kids,“ Zach has said. “They dont get to say, Im tired of being homeless. So why should I get to quit?“16._17. _18. _ 19. _ 20. _21. _ 22. _ 23. _ 24. _25. _26. _(赠送一个空，希望做对)语法填空：16.and 17.who 18.h
23、is 19.When 20. collecting21.has raised 22.which 23.homeless 24.finishing 25.in 26. these考点设置就命题形式而言，纯空格题设67 个小题；用括号中所 给词的适当形式填空设34 个小题。特别说明：各类从句的“引导词”，如引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词、连词(whether, if, that)，引导定语从 句的关系代词和关系副词，引导状语从句的从属连词，以及连接并列句的并列连词，都被称为“连接词”。理由是：1.从功能上讲，都有连接句子与句子的作用；2.从这类试题的解题方法上看，判断的方式也是相同的。我们就语
24、法填空的复习重点和应关注的冷点，归纳提示如下：(1)近三年来，“纯空格题”只考了冠词、介词、代词和连接 词以及功能性结构副词等7四类词；“用括号中所给词的适当形式填空”考了谓语动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较等级、词类转换等。(2)介词、连接词、动词每年都有两道小题，由此可见，这是考查的 重点，也是复习训练的重点。(3)冠词：在三年中有两年都是考查不定冠词的最基本的 用法，表示“一个(次/本)”，这无疑是复习和训练的重点，但也要关注不定冠词的其他用法，同时注意定冠词的基本用法。(4)代词：三年来主要考查了在句中作宾语的人称代词宾 语、只能在名词前作定语的形容词性物主代词、it
25、的用法和不定代词。备考中，除重点关注已考的热点外，也不要忽视反身代词和疑问代词。(5)连接词：三年来考查了引导宾语从句的连接代词 who、引导同位语从句的that、引导定语从句的关系副 词 where(三年考了两 年) 、表示转折的并 列连词but，这些仍是复习的重点；备考中，要训练名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句；状语从句、定语从句的连接词。如何判断名词性从句？规律：可以从从句所处的位置判断是主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句还是表语从句。注意：名词性从句中如果缺少主语、宾语 或 表语时常填 what; (whatever) ; who (whoever)(6)动词：时态重点
26、考查一般过去时和一般现在时，也要留意一 般将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时等各种时态。语态只考查了一般过去时的被动语态，一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态值得重视。非谓语动词重复考的是不定式作状语，过去分词、动词-ing 形式。(7)词类转换：主要考查各类词在句中的最基本用法：作主语和宾 语用名词，作定语、表语、补语用形容词，做状语要用副词。懂得了这些基本用法之后，就是要掌握构词法的基本知识，将其合理转换。特别提醒：(1)在纯空格题中，没有要求根据上下文填写名词、动 词、拼写较长的形容词和副词。其原因有二：一是根据语境推测出要填哪一个名词、动词、形容词或副词，这正好是完形填空要考查的内容，若在语法
27、填空中考查， 是越权，是多管闲事；二8是“语法填空 ”顾名思义是考语法，而根据语境填这四类词同语法规则关系不大，与“语法填空” 名不符实。不过，less, more, most， much, few，fewer , fewest 等词是可能在纯空格类题中考查的，因为这涉及到语法比较等级。so, therefore, however 等词虽然也是副词但它们属于功能结构性副词。(2)倒装句中的助动词和强调谓语动词的助动词(do, does, did)，以及强调结构中的it和 that等都可能在纯空格题中 进行考查，这主要是考查对由“it is .that” 引出的几种从句的的辨析能力；名词的数或所
28、有格（至今未考过）也可能在“用括号中词语的正确形式填空”中进行考查，千万不可忽视。答案特点(1)纯空格题：试题要求中已明文规定“在空格处填入一个适当的词”，即一个小题或者一个空格只能填一个单词。五年高考题的答案印证了这一点。(2)用括号中所给词的适当形式填空：试题中要求“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空”，这个词的“正确形式” ，不可以出现所给词以外的其它词。究竟由几个单 词组成？没有规定，五年高考题的答案是填一个或两个单词。2009 年有两个小题需要填两个单词，一个是不定式，一个是被动语态。(3)要求填的词(即答案) 都是一些拼 写简单的单词，平均每词约 4-6 个字母。(4)三年中有两年各有一
29、小题所填词位于句首，此时第一个 字母要注意大写。特别提醒尽管近五年高考中“使用括号中词语的正确形式填空 ”的答案只填一个或两个单词，但是我们在平时的训练中应当不局限于此，要训练填一个、两个或多个单词的情 况。非谓语动词中，带 to 的不定式、现在分词的 完成式都可能填两个单词；谓语动词的将来时、进行时和完成时等也都可能填两个单词，而现在完成进行时等就可 能填三个单词，被动语态至少都要填两个单词。二、解题揭秘三个解题步骤(1)通读全文，了解大意。步骤：概读理解 分析填空 连贯检查既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法，那么，我们在解题前，应快速浏览短文，了解全文大意，这一步非常重要。9（2）分析思路词法句
30、法篇章惯用法(3)试填空格，后难先易。读懂短文之后，要结合短文所提供的特定的语境(也就是上下文)，从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词的词性，再根据句子的意义，以及句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填的单词和所给词的正确形式。具体方法，请看以下“解题思路大全”。(4)重读全文，解决难题。在解题过程中要先易后难，难题在大部分空格填好后，再经过仔细推敲，难题也就不会再难了。所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾复读一遍。（5）通读全文 ,理解大意；检查搭配, 前后连贯；根据篇章, 确定语义；分析句子,确定词性；语法填空的答题过程归根到底其实就是寻找依据每一个语法填空的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在
31、所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据。解题思路大全中文误导错常见，定势思维分要减。插入成分要分清，句型信息更关键。妙诀赠君记心间，是否有效靠多练。题型分析过了关，百三百四只等闲。三、答题思路(1)纯空格试题。首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词；根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。我们知道，语法填空空格在形式上主要有二种类型：10(1)纯空格题（无提示词）：通常考冠词、代词(形容词性物主代词、人称代词、不定代词、指示代词、反身代词 )、介词、和连词、从句引导词 。(2)用括号中所给词填空：通常考谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓 一致、.非谓语动词、词类转换等。两
32、个分句结构连接,考查语法点: 各类复合句中连词, 引导词的用法1.The exam, _was originally to be held in our classroom, was changed to the library at the last minute.(08 广州二模)2the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometres away _there was a garage. (2007 广东高考)3. It is such an
33、 important issue _ we couldnt afford to ignore. (08 仲元）4. We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy.（08 茂名二模）which where as whom四、具体分析方法（一）纯空格题1、缺主语或宾 语，一定是填代 词或名词(多考代词 )。例 1 I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _38_ gets there almost in a second. (茂名
34、一模)解析：and 连接 前后两个句子，and 后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是 the message，替代 the message 用代词it。2、名词前是空 格，若该名词前 没有限定词，很可能是填冠词 his, their等形容词性物主代词，或 some, any, other(s), another 等限定词。例 2 It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33 rice crop grow u
35、p quickly. (2008 年广东高考)解析：名词 rice crop 前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的” 禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词his。例 3 the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to_35_small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage. (2007 年11广东高考)解析：因单数可数名词 town 前还没有限定词，应填限定词 ；根据句意，是指将车拉到离那里大约有 20
36、 公里远的一个 小镇上去修理，表示 “一个”，用不定冠词，故填 a。3、名词或代词 前面是空格 ，而该名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，很可能是填介词。例 4 The little boy pulled 33_ right hand out of the pocket （his）例 5 who should have the honour of receiving me 33 a guest in their house. (2007 年广东高考)解析：因 a guest在句中不作主语、表语、动词的宾语，前面一定是填介词，使其成为该介词的宾语；又由句意可知，他们“把我当作客人
37、”来接待，表示“当作”，用介词 as。4、若两个或几 个单词或短 语之间没有连词，可能是填连词。例 6 two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso 34 Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.解析：因与 Pablo Picasso (毕加索)与 Candido Portinari (坎迪多波尔蒂纳里)这两个名词之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，应填 and。例 7 all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melte
38、d me 36 almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008 年深圳一模)解析：因 melted me 和 gave me 两个动宾短语之间没有连词，一定是填连词；两者是并列关系，故填 and。5、若两句(一个主谓关系算一个句子)之间没有连词，也没有分号 或句号，一定是填连接词。例 8 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days 32 I was to return to Guangzhou. (
39、2008 年广州一模)解析：因 I wanted to是一个句子，I was to return也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间的逻辑关系，可知“参观这个城市的尽可能多的地方”应是在“返回广州”之前，故填 before。例 9 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, 37 he felt very happy (2008 年广东高考)解析：因 He was very tired是一个句子，he felt very happy也是一个句子，这12两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号
40、或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知“干了一整天活累极了”与“感到非常高兴”是转折关系，故填 but。6、若结构较完 整，空格后的谓 语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did 等)。例 10 What is acceptable in one country 31 be considered extremely rude in another. (珠三角五校联考)解析：句中 What is acceptable in one country 是主语 从句，空格后的 be considered是
41、谓语；因其中的 be 是原形，故空格处必 定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能” 的情态动词may。例 11 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary.解析：这是一个由but 连接 的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had 是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词 bring 也应用一般过去时；可 是，bring却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不符，
42、也与主语 he 不一致，该句不是倒 装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词 did；由句意和 作者的语气 推测，应当填对谓语动词表示强调的助动词 did(的确)。7、若缺状语，一定是填副词(在纯空中考的可能性不 大) 。（例句略）8、由特殊的句 式结构来判 断空格应填的词。(1)由 it isthat强调结构形式，判断填 it还是 that。例 12 and 40 was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精)! (广州一模)解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填 it。
43、(2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had 等，还是填 do, does, did 等。例 13 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.解析：由 can you expect to可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词 only，因为“only +状语(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。(3)由 it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否 填 it。如：例 14 as 32 t
44、ook them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists (2008 年佛山二模)解析：由句式结构可知，这是 it takes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定13式 to steal paintings 是真正的主语 ，空格处填形式主语 it。例 15 Dating sites also make 36 easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008 年惠州二模)解析：由句式结构可知，to avo
45、id是真正的宾语，easy 是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的 it。(4)so /suchthat句型。如：例 16 This made the goat so jealous_34_it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. (2007 年惠州二模)解析：由句式结构可知，这是 sothat句型，应填 that。(5)morethan (与其说 不如说，比 更)句型。例 17 Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares 40 how m
46、uch he pays. (深圳宝安期末)解析：由句式结构可知，这是 morethan句型，故填 that。句意是与经理所给的报酬相比，雇员更铭记于心的是他的关心。(二)给出了动词 的试题。1、动词不在主 语或宾语的 位置首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。然后按以下两点进行思考。若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态语态。例 18 His fear of failure _36_(keep) him from classroom games that other children played w
47、ith joyous abandon. (2008 年深圳一模)解析：因主语 His fear of failure 后没有别的谓语动 词，需填的动词应为谓语动词；因主语与 keep 是主动关系，应用主动语态；由从句谓语动词 played 可知，要用一般过去时，故填 kept。例 19 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation, 40 (close) my book and walked away. (2008 年广州一模)解析：虽然句中已有谓语动词declined ，但由
48、and walked 可知，所填词与declined 和 walked 是并列关系，所以也用一般过去式 closed。例 20 In Logan, three people _38_ (take) to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (梅州二模)解析：因主语 three people 与 take 是被动关系，即三个人被送进医院，故用被动语态；由 were treated 可知，要用一般过 去时，故填 were taken。14若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用ing 形式、ed 形式，还是用不定式形式，确定的方法主要有：2、作主语或宾 语，通常用 ing 形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。例 21 but it is not enough only 35 (memorize) rules from a grammar book. (佛山一模)解析：因 it 是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填 to memor
