1、一、形容词 （一）形容词的语法功能 形容词修饰名词或代词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，在句中可作定语、表语或宾语补足语。,【语法精练】 1. (2014绥化) The cakes taste _, and they sell _. I will buy some. A. good; well B. well; well C. well; good 答案：A taste是系动词其后跟形容词作表语；sell是实义动词，其后跟副词作状语。,2. Lets go on a picnic this weekend, OK? That sounds _. A. great B. well C. hardly
2、 D. terribly 答案：A 句意：让我们这个周末去野餐，好吗？那听起来很棒。great形容词“好的”； well副词“好”；hardly副词“几乎不”；terribly副词“非常糟糕地”。sound是系动词, 后接形容词作表语。故选A。,3. The idea of “sunshine sports” makes it possible for kids to choose and do _ about sports as long as one hour every day. A. pleasant something B. nothing pleasant C. anything
3、pleasant D. something pleased 答案：C 句意：“阳光体育”使得孩子们每天能有一个小时的时间选择并做一些令人愉快的体育活动成为可能。形容词修饰不定代词时要置于其后；pleased高兴的(指人的心理)；pleasant令人高兴的。,4. The boy is lying on the grass, with his eyes _. A. open B. opens C. opened D. opening 答案：A 句意：这个男孩躺在草坪上，眼睛睁着。open在此是形容词作宾语补足语，修饰宾语his eyes。 5. Its our duty to look afte
4、r _ well. A. old B. the old C. older D. oldest 答案：B 句意：照顾好老人是我们的职责。“the+形容词”表示一类人。the old表示“老人”。,6. There are some _ desks in the classroom. A. nice long new B. nice new long C. long new nice D. long nice new 答案：A 多个形容词作定语时有一定的排列顺序：主观描绘形容词形状形容词年龄（新旧）形容词名词。句意：在教室里有一些好看的、长的、新桌子。 7. Did you hear the st
5、range noise outside? No, I cant hear _. A. something strange B. strange something C. anything strange D. strange anything 答案：C 句意：你听见外面奇怪的噪音了吗？，没有。我没听见奇怪的东西。在否定句中使用anything；形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。,8. Why do you look so tired? The noise upstairs made me _ the whole night. A. awake B. to wake C. waking D. wake
6、s 答案：A 句意：你为什么看起来这么疲劳？楼上的噪音让我整晚上醒着。make + sb. / sth. + adj. “使某人或某物处于某种状态”。 awake“醒着的”是形容词，在此作宾语补足语。,（二）形容词的比较等级 1. 形容词比较等级的构成 (1) 规则变化,【巧学妙记】,(2) 不规则变化,2. 形容词比较等级的基本用法,【语法精练】 1. (2014天津) Mo Yan is one of _ writers in the world. A. famous B. more famous C. most famous D. the most famous 答案：D one of其
7、后跟最高级表示“最之一”。 2. (2014绥化) The _ you do for others, the _ you will feel. A. much; happier B. more; happier C. much; happy 答案：B “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越就越”。,3. Lilys mother is tall. Lily is _ than her mother. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest 答案：B 句意：莉莉的妈妈高。莉莉比她的妈妈高。由句中连词than可知应该用比较级, tall的比较级形
8、式是taller。 4. Which is _, an elephant or a tiger? An elephant. A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. the strongest 答案：B 句意：大象和老虎哪一个更强壮？大象。根据比较的范围是两者可以确定应该用比较级。,5. I think listening is just as _ as speaking in language learning. A. important B. more important C. most important D. the most important 答案
9、：A 句意：我认为在语言学习上听和说一样重要。as. as“像一样；同一样”，两个as中间用形容词或副词的原级。,6. My best friend is _ than I am. A. outgoing B. much outgoing C. a little outgoing D. much more outgoing 答案：D 由句中连词than可知用比较级。outgoing 的比较级是more outgoing, 比较级前可用a little，a lot，much，even等修饰, 表示比较的程度。,7. Funtawild Adventure is very popular and
10、_ tourists visit it year by year. A. more and more B. fewer and fewer C. less and less D. more or less 答案：A “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”，由此排除D项；由tourists是可数名词，因此不用less修饰，因此排除C项；由上一句Funtawild Adventure is very popular可判断出A项为正确答案。,8. China is larger than _ in Asia. A. any countries B. any country C. any other
11、 country D. all the countries 答案：C 句意：中国比任何其他一个亚洲国家都大。形容词比较级要避免与自身进行比较，若比较的对象属于同一个范围时要用 “比较级+ than any other +单数名词”或“比较级+ than anyone / anybody / anything else表示“比其他任何都”，是比较级形式表达最高级意义。,二、副词 副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词。用以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。 （一）副词的分类及构成,1. 本身为副词。如now, rather, also, there, here,
12、 how, when, too, quite等。 2. 少数词既是副词，也是形容词。这样的词有early, late, high等，只是它们作副词与作形容词时在句中的位置不同。 (1) He comes to school very early every morning. 他每天到校很早。（early为副词，修饰动词come） (2) Mr. Smith always catches the early bus to go to work every morning. 史密斯先生每天早上总是乘早班车上班。（early为形容词，作名词bus的定语）,3. 由“形容词+ -ly”构成。如： qu
13、ickquickly beautifulbeautifully badbadly exactexactly bravebravely happyhappily quietquietly seriousseriously truetruly generalgenerally 注意：少数以-ly结尾的词是形容词，而不是副词，如：friendly (友好的), deadly (致命的), lively (活泼的), manly (男子汉气概的)等。,【语法精练】 1. (2014温州) How often do you go skating? _. I cant skate at all. A. A
14、lways B. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Never 答案：D 由答语“我一点儿也不会滑冰。”可知其从不去滑冰。 2. (2014巴中) Are you feeling better now? Yes. Im _ to go to school. A. good enough B. enough well C. well enough 答案：C well作“健康的”讲是形容词，放在enough之前。,3. (2014东营) On March 8th, Flight MH 370 went missing. The news brought great sadness to
15、 us, _the families of the passengers. A. even B. only C. also D. especially 答案：D 句意：在三月八日，MH370客机失踪了。这个消息带给我们非常大的悲伤，尤其是这些乘客的家庭。especially“尤其是”，表示强调。 4. He doesnt do his homework _. So he always makes some mistakes. A. careful enough B. enough careful C. carefully enough D. enough carefully 答案：C 副词ca
16、refully修饰动词do；enough 修饰形容词或副词时需后置。,5. The baby is sleeping. Please speak _. A. loudly B. clearly C. quietly D. politely 答案：C loudly大声地； clearly清楚地；quietly 安静地 ；politely有礼貌地。句意：这个婴儿睡着了，请悄悄地说话。故选C。,6. The girls are talking about the art festival _. Yes. They have so many fun things to share. A. easily
17、 B. angrily C. sadly D. happily 答案：D easily容易地; angrily生气地；sadly难过地；伤心地；happily高兴地。根据答语中的“They have so many fun things to share.”可推知，女孩子们正在高兴地谈论艺术节。故选D。 7. My uncle doesnt like fast food, so he _ eats it. A. always B. often C. sometimes D. seldom 答案：D always总是；often常常；sometimes有时； seldom很少。由前句“我的叔叔不
18、喜欢快餐”知, 后句意为“他很少吃”, 所以选择D。,8. Do you like seeing a movie on your mobile phone? No. I _ do that because it makes me uncomfortable. A. seldom B. often C. usually D. Sometimes 答案：A 句意：你喜欢用手机看电影吗？不，我很少那样做，因为它让我感到不舒服。seldom“很少，几乎不”，与hardly同义。根据后面的“it makes me uncomfortable”，可以判断“很少那样做”。,9. Where are you
19、going to travel this winter holiday? Im going _. I am too tired these days. A. somewhere relaxing B. relaxing somewhere C. somewhere warm D. warm somewhere 答案：A 句意：这个寒假你去哪里旅行？我去令人放松的地方。最近我太累了。形容词修饰不定副词时应后置，首先排除B、D两项。再由“这些日子我太累了”可排除C项。,10. I think winter is a beautiful season, _ when it snows. Me, to
20、o. A. specially B. especially C. probably D. properly 答案：B 句意：我认为冬季是一个漂亮的季节，尤其是下雪时。specially特意地,专门地；especially“尤其；特别”，在句中通常作状语，用来加强语气，后面常跟要强调的内容；probably大概,或许,很可能；properly恰当地；正确地。,（二）副词的用法 1. 修饰动词作状语。 He walked quietly into his bedroom. 他悄悄地走进了他的卧室。 2. 修饰形容词作状语。 You have a very nice watch. 你有一块很漂亮的手
21、表。 3. 修饰另一副词作状语，位于另一副词前。 You walked too slowly. 你走得太慢了。,4. 作表语，位于系动词之后。 How long will she be away? 她要离开多久？ 5. 作宾语补足语，位于宾语之后。 I saw him out. 我看到他出去了。 6. 作定语，位于名词后。 The people here are friendly. 这里的人们很友好。,【语法精练】 1. The plane landed _ (safe) yesterday. 答案：safely 句意：昨天飞机安全着陆了。在此修饰谓语动词用safe的副词形式safely。 2
22、. We were late for the film Roman Holiday，but _ (luck) we didnt miss much. 答案：luckily 句意：我们看罗马假日这部电影迟到了，但是幸运的是，我们错过的不是很多。副词luckily在此作状语。,3. The _ instructions in this unit are helpful for us. They explain _ how to make a banana milk shake. OK, Ill make it. A. clear; clearly B. clearly; clearly C. cl
23、early; clear D. clear; clear 答案：A 形容词修饰名词作定语，clear修饰instructions表示“清晰的说明”，副词修饰动词，clearly修饰动词explain， 表示“清楚地解释”。,（三）副词的比较等级 1. 副词比较级和最高级大多数是在词前加more和most构成的。只有少数几个副词，如quick, fast, slow, early等是在词尾加-er和-est。 They run faster than before. 他们比以前跑得快。 He got to school earliest in his class. 在他的班里他到校最早。 2.
24、副词三级的用法与形容词三级的用法基本相同，但副词最高级前的定冠词the可有可无。 The boy writes most carefully of the four. 那个男孩是四个人当中写得最认真的。,3. 不规则副词的比较级和最高级： wellbetterbest badlyworseworst littlelessleast muchmoremost farfarther / furtherfarthest / furthest,【语法精练】 1. (2014长沙) Oh, it was fantastic! Lily danced so well. Well, I think Kate
25、 danced _ than Lily. A. well B. better C. best 答案：B 由than可知用比较级。 2. (2014临沂) We are happy to see our city is developing _ these years than before. A. quickly B. the most quickly C. very quickly D. more quickly 答案：D 由than可知用比较级。,3. (2014云南) Keep on. Dont stop. The _ you climb, the _ you will see. A.
26、highest; farthest B. highly; father C. high; far D. higher; farther 答案：D “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越就越”。 4. I play basketball every day because I want to play as _ as Yao Ming. A. well B. better C. best D. good 答案： A as. as是同级比较，中间要用形容词或副词的原级。故选A。,5. Which do you like _, summer or winter? Id prefer winter
27、. A. better B. best C. good D. well 答案：A 比较的范围summer or winter A as. as是同级比较，中间要用形容词或副词的原级。故选A。是两者的比较，故选A。,6. Who listens _, Tom, Jack or Bill? A. the most carefully B. more carefully C. the most careful D. more careful 答案：A 比较的对象Tom, Jack和Bill是三者，因此用最高级。谓语动词listens是实义动词，因此需用副词carefully来修饰，故选A。,7. Do you know sound travels very fast? Yes. But light travels _ sound. A. as fast as B. a little faster than C. much faster than D. slower than 答案：C 句意：你知道声传播的速度非常快吗？是的。但是光传播的速度比声快许多。比较级前可用much，even，a little等程度副词进行修饰。故选C。,
