1、.一、选词填空(共 1 题,合计 100 分)英语四级阅读理解之选词填空Section ADirections: In this section, there is apassage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice
2、in the bankis identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.What is itabout Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1_ about itafterward. We say we
3、want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food.Were 2_ with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemicof obesity(肥胖). Perhapsthe 3_ to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continentsearching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash
4、crop(经济作物) wasnt eaten but smoked. Thenthere was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouragingmore 4_ ways of doing it.Theimmigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do meanseating what “real Americans” eat, but our nations food has come to be 5_ byimport
5、spizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the countrys most treasuredcooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps itshould come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nationsdefining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit ins at southernlunch counters. I
6、t is integral to our concepts of health and even moralitywhether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat forpolitical 6_But strongopinions have not brought 7_ . Americans are ambivalent about what theyput in their mouths. We have become 8_ of our foods, especially as welearn m
7、ore about what they contain.The 9_ infood is still prosperous in the American consciousness. Its no coincidence,then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in suchbondage(束缚). Its whatwe eatand how we 10_ it with friends, family, and strangersthat helpdefine America as a communi
8、ty today.1.What is itabout Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1_ about itafterward.A. answer B. result C. share D. guilty 正确答案 :D试题解析: feel 是一个系动词,可以判断此处应填入一个形容词,通过上下文意思,以及后面介词 about, 可以确定选项为 D 项 guilty, 短语 feel guilty about sth. “对感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃,但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感” 。2.We say we want on
9、ly the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food.Were 2_ with .health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemicof obesity(肥胖). A. certaintyB. obsessedC. identifyD. ideals正确答案 :B试题解析: beobsessed with 为固定搭配,原意为 “被附上/缠住/ 迷住心窍” ,放在本句表示“ 十分重视”。全句的意思为 “我们很关心健康和减肥,但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。3.Perhapsthe 3_ to this
10、 ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. A. answer B. result C. share D. guilty正确答案 :A试题解析: A 本句缺一个名词作主语,并且根据和介词 to 的搭配,可以推断出正确选项answer.4.Thenthere was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouragingmore 4_ ways of doing it.A. defined B. vanish C. adaptedD. creative正确答案 :D试题解析: 本句
11、根据 more 和 ways 可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级,根据上下文,表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令,却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒” ,可以确定 D 为正确选项。5.Do as Romans do meanseating what “real Americans” eat, but our nations food has come to be 5_ byimportspizza, say, or hot dogsA. guilty B. constant C. defined D. vanish 正确答案 :C试题解析: 本题较难。根据 be 和 by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据
12、上下文,上文表示“应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物” ,下文通过 but 转折,表示实际上“美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”,因此可以确定 C 为正确选项。.6.It is integral to our concepts of health and even moralitywhether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat forpolitical 6_ A. answer B. result C. share D. guilty正确答案 :B试题解析: B 政治结果,可根据宗教原因 r
13、eligious reasons 来推断此处填政治结果。7.But strongopinions have not brought 7_ .A. creativeB. beliefC. suspiciousD. certainty正确答案 :D试题解析: D 由于横线后面没有宾语,可以确定不是形成 bring 的短语,这样本句所缺的为一名词,做 bring 的宾语。根据下文解释,“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的” ,可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变的 ”。因此可以确定 D 为正确选项。8.We have become 8_ of our foods, especially a
14、s welearn more about what they contain.A. beliefB. suspiciousC. certaintyD. obsessed正确答案 :B试题解析: B 系动词 become 后应填入一个形容词,和后面介词 of 形成短语 be/become suspicious of “对感到怀疑 ”。9.The 9_ infood is still prosperous in the American consciousness. A. beliefB. suspiciousC. certaintyD. obsessed正确答案 :A试题解析: A 本句缺一个名
15、词作主语,并且根据和介词 in 的搭配,可以推断出正确选项belief,(have)belief in sth.“ 相信”。10.Its whatwe eatand how we 10_ it with friends, family, and strangersthat helpdefine America as a community today.A. answer B. result C. share D. guilty 正确答案 :C试题解析: C 本句是一般现在时,缺一个动词,且和 with 搭配,确定选项为 share, share sth. with sb.,“与某人分享某事 ”
16、。一 、 翻 译 (共 5 题 , 合 计 100 分 )翻译原文:在我的生活里,我也尝试过很多次试着放手。虽然,学会放手不会减轻生活里的伤痛或是改变什么,也不会让你的情绪得以发泄,也许你仍然会被生活所困。然而,富有同情心是一种释放。会让你和感受到你同情心的人得到精神上的洗礼。当你对一切都富有同情心时,你会发挥自己最大潜力。你也会在生活中觉得自己有无限的正能量。本题答案参考译文:在我的生活里,我也尝试过很多次试着放手。Im learning to do that a lot in this life, to let go.大家是不是觉得很奇怪,明明汉语里倾向于过去式“尝试过” ,但英文翻译过来
17、就是 Im learning to do。可以留意下这种翻译方式,不过如果大家在考试时遇到这种情况,还是翻译成过去式比较好(如果你的翻译水平没有达到炉火纯青的地步的话,呵呵) ,因为阅卷老师也不是那种翻译大牛哦放手:to let go虽然,学会放手不会减轻生活里的伤痛或是改变什么,也不会让你的情绪得以发泄,也许你仍然会被生活所困。It doesnt help to hang on to the hurt or judgment. It doesnt work to blame or criticize. Those approaches only serve to keep you stuck
18、.这里两个英文句子都用了形式主语 it 来代替前面提到过的“放手”,不繁琐,而且适合散文的风格。汉语只要语义衔接,可一直逗号下去,但英文,只要是结构完整,只能用句号或相应的标点哦。.减轻伤痛:to help to hang on to the hurt被生活所困:keep sb stuck然而,富有同情心是一种释放。会让你和感受到你同情心的人得到精神上的洗礼。But compassion is freeing. It uplifts both you and the person you are sharing it with.释放直接用了 freeing,很简单,但很舒服。第二句话汉语读起来
19、很绕,但英语翻译出来是不是让你一下子就茅塞顿开?这就是英语的魅力当你对一切都富有同情心时,你会发挥自己最大潜力。When you act with compassion, you are living from your highest potential and connecting with your greatest self.看上句翻译,“富有同情心 ”直接是 compassion,这句里的“富有同情心” 就变换了一下方式,act with compassion,翻译一直重复是没有美感的,有时候需要我们留意一下细节。你也会在生活中觉得自己有无限的正能量。The more you can
20、 do that, the better youll feel in this life.这句翻译很简单,就是用了 the more.the better 句型。翻译原文:如果说我确实有所成就的话,那也只是因为我坚信不断尝试就会成功。遇到挫折时,你可以暂时把问题放一放,一味纠结不仅无济于事,有时反倒使情况更糟。先去读一本好书、见见久未谋面的好友或去户外骑游一番;再回头看待问题,你或许会感到柳暗花明。这样做后,别忘了多加反省:“为什么这个方法会奏效? 下次能不能做得更好呢?”看你定的是什么目标,这种方法可以被反复有效应用。如果你坚定不移地持续提升自己,最后成功肯定非你莫属。孜孜不倦向来无敌。本题
21、答案参考译文:如果说我确实有所成就的话,那也只是因为我坚信不断尝试就会成功。The only reason Ive managed to accomplish anything isbecause I am a firm believer in continuous improvement.翻译这个句子的时候,用了句式 the only reason is.because,大家看到汉语“如果说.”可能会一下头脑晕掉,不知道怎么来翻译,但换一个方式,不用 if 等其它表示如果的单词或词组,也不失为一种迂回翻译的好方法哦。注意:我坚信: I am a firm believer (汉语的动词翻译成
22、英文成了 “形容词+ 名词” 的形式,亲,你翻译的时候会不会这么做呢?)遇到挫折时,你可以暂时把问题放一放,一味纠结不仅无济于事,有时反倒使情况更糟。If you fail insomething, distance from the event for a day or two, because agonizing over theproblem will not make it go away (and will make it a lot worse).遇到挫折:fail insomething暂时:for a day or two(for a day or two 有时并不仅仅指一两天
23、,还可以表示暂时哦)纠结:agonizing over theproblem先去读一本好书、见见久未谋面的好友或去户外骑游一番;再回头看待问题,你或许会感到柳暗花明。Read a goodbook, catch up with some friends you havent seen in a long time, or go on anature hike. You will be able to look at the issue with a fresh perspective.柳暗花明:a fresh perspective(将汉语里的成语翻译成英文,很多时候都找不到固定的英语翻译,我
24、们就可以根据意思,用自己熟悉的单词或词组来表示它的意思,只要保证意思不变就可以哦)户外骑游:go on anature hike这样做后,别忘了多加反省:“为什么这个方法会奏效? 下次能不能做得更好呢?”After you have done that, ask yourself: “Why did this work out and how can Ido better next time?”奏效:work out看你定的是什么目标,这种方法可以被反复有效应用。如果你坚定不移地持续提升自己,最后成功肯定非你莫属。孜孜不倦向来无敌。This process very well could re
25、peat itself several times depending on the nature of your goal, but if you keep making a firm commitment to continuously improve yourself, you will develop so much that the only option left is success. Consistent hustle always wins.最后这句翻译,用 but 把汉语的两个句子衔接起来,不失为一种极好的衔接方式。而且大家注意下我已经标红的 very well could
26、 repeat,本来可以是 could repeat very well,但 very well 放到前面更地道,大家平时可以多看一些翻译资料,多多积累,自然就会翻译出地道的英文咯翻译原文:关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。一个是唐朝的神话故事,说的是当时地球被10 个太阳包围着。有一天 10 个太阳同时出现在天空中,巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了 9 个太阳,地球才被保住。为了奖励后羿,王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药,但是王母警告他必须正当使用。然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告,他被名利冲昏了头脑,变成了一个暴君。后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观,于是
27、她偷走了后羿的长生不老药,飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。从此就有了关于月宫仙子嫦娥,这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。本题答案参考译文及详解:关于吃月饼这个传统的来历有两个传说。There are two legends which claim to explain the tradition of eating mooncakes.我们在翻译“关于”的时候,最常用的就是 about,而本句翻译用了 which 引导定语从句 claim to explain,换一种表达方式,可以让句式更新颖。大家可以记住这个用法哦。一个是唐朝的神话故事,说的是当时地球被 10 个太阳包围着。One Tang Dynas
28、ty myth holds that the Earth once had 10 suns circling it.hold 在这里用的很地道,汉语的两个半句,翻译成英文,用一个 that 就给衔接上了,可见翻译时,不必拘泥于原汉语句子的结构,如果自己能把意思表达很到位,而且句式很清晰,就可以尝试。注意“被包围 ”本句中的翻译用了 had 10 suns circling it。有一天 10 个太阳同时出现在天空中,巨大的热量几乎把地球烤焦了。One day all 10 suns appeared at once, scorching the planet with their heat.“
29、有一天”翻译为 one day,其实并没有什么奇特之处。“同时出现 ”appeared at once,这个 at once 还可以表示“同时”,大家切记哦。.其实汉语的两个半句,翻译过来可以用两个完整的英语句子来表示,但这里的翻译退而求其次,用了现在分词 scorching 引导的伴随状语,表示一种结果,不失为很好的翻译方式哈。多亏一位名叫后羿的神箭手射下了 9 个太阳,地球才被保住。It was thanks to a skillful archer named Hou Yi that the Earth was saved. He shot down all but one of the
30、 suns.注意“多亏 ”的翻译是 It was thanks to。这的翻译大家看下英语的后半句,汉语里有“9”这个数字,但翻译过来,却只有一个数字 one,但表示的意思却相同 -剩下了一个太阳。翻译有时候就是这么奇特,没有特定的标准。为了奖励后羿,王母娘娘赐给后羿一种长生不老药,但是王母警告他必须正当使用。As his reward, the Heavenly Queen Mother gave Hou Yi the Elixir of Immortality, but she warned him that he must use it wisely.本句翻译很简单,中英翻译比较平衡。注
31、意几个专有名词。“王母娘娘 ” the Heavenly Queen Mother“长生不老药 ”Elixir of Immortalityuse sth wisely:正当使用某物然而后羿没有理会王母娘娘的警告,他被名利冲昏了头脑,变成了一个暴君。Hou Yi ignored her advice and, corrupted by fame and fortune, became a tyrannical leader.翻译这个句子时,首先要考虑到用何种句式,能够使自己的翻译看起来清晰明了而不繁琐。这里用了 and,连接两个动词过去式引导的分句。没有理会也就是忽视,ignore。名利:fa
32、me and fortune暴君: a tyrannical leader后羿美丽的妻子嫦娥对他的暴行再也不能袖手旁观,于是她偷走了后羿的长生不老药,飞到月亮上逃避后羿的狂怒。Chang-Er, his beautiful wife, could no longer stand by and watch him abuse his power so she stole his Elixir and fled to the moon to escape his angry wrath.本句翻译中用了两个 and,来衔接句意,英语就是这么注重前后的衔接。袖手旁观:stand by从此就有了关于月宫
33、仙子嫦娥,这个月亮上的美丽女人的传说。.And thus began the legend of the beautiful woman in the moon, the Moon Fairy.and thus began 这个句首大家可以多用用。翻译原文:和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪,人类经历了两次世界大战,生灵涂炭, 经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来,世界经济能够快速增长,主要 得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则,充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商,以和平方式解决国际争端。我们应该坚
34、持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员,以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全,做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大 家商量办,坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作,推进国际关系民主化。本题答案和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪,人类经历了两次世界大战,生灵涂炭, 经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来,世界经济能够快速增长,主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last
35、 century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era.“和平稳定 ”固定说法:peace and stability“得益于“用了
36、句型 it is due to.我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则,充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔 造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商,以和平方式解决国际争端。We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, .peace making and peace building. We
37、should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.“宗旨和原则 ”固定说法: the purposes and principles我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员,以民主、包容、 合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全,做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大 家商量办,坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作,推进国际关系民主化。All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, a
38、re equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively
39、through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.“国际社会 ”固定说法:international community翻译原文:总结一年来的工作,我们清醒地看到,经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困难。必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益,着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题,保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。不断满足
40、人们日益增长的物质文化需要,是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。只有执政为民,我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。本题答案参考译文及详解:总结一年来的工作,我们清醒地看到,经济社会发展中还存在不少问题和困难。In reviewing our work of the past year, we clearly see that many problems and difficulties remain in our economic and social development.总结用 review,在这里用了现在分词形式,不失为一种简单而又正式的方式。在后半句的翻译中,英文和汉
41、语语序整体大相反,注意“经济社会发展” 的表达方式:in economic and social development.必须坚持把人民群众利益放在第一位。We must always put the interests of the people first.这句话翻译起来比较简单,注意“把 放在第一位”put.first。要切实维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益,着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题,保障城乡困难群众的基本生活。We must truly protect the peoples economic, political and cultural rights and inter
42、ests, pay particular attention to solving acute problems affecting their vital interests, and ensure that poor urban and rural residents have the basic necessities of life.翻译整段,必然会有个别长句,这就需要我们把握整体结构,表明大意即可。 这段话是很正式的会议截取,所以咱们翻译时很多词组或者句子结构都是有据可循的。比如这句“着力解决关系群众切身利益的突出问题” ,翻译的时候,没有完全按照汉语语序,而是把“关系群众切身利益”
43、 翻译为现在分词作后置定语结构 affecting their vital interests。注意固定词组与句式:维护人民群众的经济、政治和文化权益 protect the peoples economic, political and cultural rights and interests着力解决pay particular attention to solving (记住, pay attention to doing/sth 这个固定结构)不断满足人们日益增长的物质文化需要,是社会主义现代化建设的根本目的。The fundamental goal of our socialist
44、modernization drive is to continually meet the growing material and cultural needs of the people.这句话翻译出来,也是将汉语语序颠倒后进行的翻译。用了 to do 不定式做表语。这句话大家可以完全背诵下来。只有执政为民,我们的各项事业才能获得最广泛最可靠的群众基础和力量源泉。Only if we exercise power for the good of the people can we enjoy the broadest and most reliable support from the people and draw from them the strength for accomplishing all our undertakings.只有才这个结构需要用到英文结构 only if。后半句汉语很复杂,所以英语翻译时,用了两个 and 连接的分句,来更清楚正确地表达汉语的意思。注意固定词组与句式:执政为民 exercise power for the good of the people我们的各项事业 all our undertakings.