1、Module 2 No Drugs 重难点解析 1Facts About Smoking 关于吸烟的事实吸烟可以导致死亡，而在英语中表达死亡的用法有很多种，可以用 die，也可以用cause death，be killed 等，因患病而死，可以使用 die from illnesses。例如：During the 1990 s， (21 thousand21 million)people died as a result of smoking cigarettes20 世纪 90 年代，(2，10021，000，000)人因为吸烟而死亡。A quarter of young people wh
2、o smoke more than(1020)cigarettes a day will die prematurely as a result of smoking每天吸烟(10 支20 支)的年轻人，有四分之一的人会因吸烟而夭折。In the United Kingdom，smoking causes(12，000121，000)deaths a year在英国，吸烟每年造成(12，000121，000)人死亡。Thirteen people die(every hourevery day)from illnesses related to smoking tobacco，such as
3、cancer，bronchitis and heart disease(每小时每天)有十三个人死于与吸烟有关的疾病，如癌症、支气管炎和心脏病。Every year，about(20 200)people are killed and(2002，000)are seriously injured in fires caused by smoking吸烟引起的火灾每年造成大约(20200)人死亡、(2002，000)人严重受伤。2Thirteen people die(every hourevery day)from illnesses related to smoking tobacco，suc
4、h as cancer，bronchitis and heart disease(每小时每天)有十三个人死于与吸烟有关的疾病，如癌症、支气管炎和心脏病。1)英语中，表示“与什么有关”的短语有：be related to，be connected with，beassociated with 等。例如：This case was related to drug dealers这一案例与贩毒者有关。Language teaching is connected with the nature of language and the nature of language learning语言教学与语言
5、属性和语言学习属性有关。This is a phenomenon associated with physical change这是一个与物理变化有关的现象。2)for example 与 such as 的用法及区别：for example 和 such as 都可当作“例如”解。但 such as 用来列举事物，插在被列举事物之间。例如：The farm grows various kinds of crops，such as wheat，corn，cotton and rice这个农场种植各种各样的庄稼，例如麦子、玉米、棉花和稻米。要特别注意：such as 一般不宜与 and so o
6、n 连用，对前面的复数名词部分起列举作用，一般不全部列出。如不可以说 He knows four languages，such as Chinese，English，French and German在这种情况下，应将 such as 改成 namely，后面加逗号。for example 用来举例说明，有时可作为独立语，插在句中，不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。例如：A lot of people here，for example，Mr John，would rather have coffee这儿的许多人，例如约翰先生，宁愿喝咖啡。3)heart disease 心脏病心脏病还可以用 hea
7、rt attacks 来表示。英语中表示疾病的常用词汇有：have a(cold患感冒：have a toothache 牙痛；have a headache 头痛；have a fever 发烧；等等。除了与 have 连用外，表示疾病的名词还通常与 suffer from 和 die of 连用。例如：He suffers from a chest cancer他患有胃癌。He died of a heart disease last year他去年死于心脏病。3Im 19 years old and I used to be a drug addict我 19 岁，过去是一个吸毒者。us
8、ed to 和 be used to 的用法与区别：1) be used to 为被动语态。意为“被用来” ，to 为动词不定式符号，其后跟动词原形。例如：Golden trumpets are used to express public opinion here这儿金喇叭是用来表达公共舆论的。Bamboo can be used to carry water竹子可用来输水。2)“used to”后接动词原形，意思是“过去惯常” ，表示过去经常发生的动作(或存在的状态)现在已不再发生(或存在)了。例如：People used to think the sun travelled round
9、the earth人们过去曾经认为太阳绕地球转动。(暗指人们现在并不这样认为了。)used to 的否定式可用 didnt use to，也可以用 used not to(缩写为 usednt to 或 usent to 读音为)。2) 若“be used to+名词或 v-ing“意思是“习惯于” 。试比较：He used to walk to school他过去总是步行到校。He is used to walking to school他现在习惯于步行上学了。值得注意的是：used to 只用于过去时，不能用于别的时态；be used to 则可用于各种时态。例如：He is(was，wi
10、ll be，has been，etc)used to walking to schoolbe used to 中的 be 可以用 get，become，grow 代替，用这些动词构成的动词词组表示由不习惯到习惯的过程。如：Youll soon get used to the life in the countryside你很快就会习惯乡下的生活的。4I continued to buy cannabis from the same man for about six months我继续不停地从那个人那里买了大约 6 个月的大麻。continue 常用作及物动词，意为“继续” ；后跟名词、不定式
11、或动词-ing 形式。例如：We made up our minds to continue the experiment我们下决心继续进行这项实验。He continued his study of Chinese in some college他继续在某所大学学中文?She continued to teach us English then她那时继续教我们英语。They continued walking along the river after a short rest他们休息了一下，继续沿着小河散步。The hot weather continued for a long time
12、 this year今年炎热的天气持续了好长一段时间。(本句中 continue 用作不及物动词，意为“延续” 。)5One dayhe offered me some crack cocaine一天，他给了我一些强效纯可卡因。offer 用作动词，意为“提出，表示提供” ，可以说“offer(sb)sth ” (提供某物)，offer to do sth(提出主动做某事)。例如：When they arrived at our school，we offered them warm reception当他到达我校时，我们热情接待了他们。I offered him a cup of tea我给
13、他上了一杯茶。When we meet with difficulties he always offers his help当我遇到困难时，他总是提供帮助。He offered to help me with my English, and I made great progress他主动帮助我学英语，我进步很大。When she gets home from school she offers to do housework当她放学回家时，就主动做家务活。6Users who inject the drug are also in more danger if they share nee
14、dles with other users注射毒品者，如果与其他人共用注射针头，他们将更加危险了。1)in danger 意为“处境危险” 。例如：The little girl is not in danger now这个小女孩脱离了危险。While in danger you may ask the police for help处于危险情况时，可向警察求助。注意比较以下短语：be in great danger 处境极其危险；be in no danger 处境不危险；be out of danger 脱险 (脱离险境)；be in danger of 处于危险之中；be in safe
15、ty(处境)安全; cannot do sthwith safety 做某事不可能没有危险。又如：He has been out of danger，that is to say，he is in no danger or he is in safety他已经脱离了危险，也就是说，他的处境不危险了，或者说他处于安全之中了。2)if 引导的条件状语从句Users become addicted to crack cocaine much more easily if they smoke it如果吸毒者吸了这种强效可卡因，他们将更容易吸毒上瘾。If you call wait two minut
16、es，you wont want to smoke如果你能等上两分钟，你就不想吸烟了。If youre sitting down，take a short walk如果你在坐着，就起来走走。If you drink wateryou reduce the need to have something in your mouth如果你喝水的话，你就减少了吸烟的需求。3)share 意为“分享；共用；共同具有” ，通常与 with 连用。例如：He shared the food left with his father他和他爸爸分享了剩下的食物。I dont want to share the
17、room with a stranger我不想和一个陌生人同居一室。Now that there are not enough seats for everyone；we can share some of them 既然没有足够的座位，有些我们可以合用。They share the same interests他们的兴趣相投。Who can share(in)my troubles as well as my joys?谁能和我同甘共苦?7Remember to record these “topic” sentences carefully in order to understand t
18、he main idea of the passage为了理解段落大意，记住要仔细记录主题句。1)本句是一个祈使句，表示指令性。其中，remember to do sth意为“记住去做某事”(事情还没有做)，注意区别于 remember doing sth (记得做过某事)。例如：Please remember to post the letter for me请记住为我寄封信。I remember posting the letter for you我记得为你寄了那封信。2)in order to 是固定词组，后接动词原形。既可用在句首，也可用于句中，表示目的。例如：She went to
19、the hall early in order to get a good seat她很早就到大厅去了，以便找到一个好座位。3)in order that 相当于 so that，用来引导目的状语从句，句中常用的情。态动词can，may，could，might，will 等。例如：She got up early in order that she could catch the first bus她起床很早，以便能赶上第一班汽车。注意：in order that 引导的从句的主语如果和主句的主语一致，那么可改为 in order to 引导的状语短语。上个例句可改为：She got up e
20、arly in order to catch the first bus8But he asked me for a lot of money但是他向我索要大量的钱。ask for 意为“要求得到” ，在不同情况下有不同译法。例如：You can write to VOA English and ask for any information you need你可以写信给 VOA 英语询问一些你所需要的资料。If you get into trouble，dont hesitate to ask for help你要是碰到麻烦，要赶快向人求助。She sent me a postcard as
21、king for your address她寄给我一张明信片，要你的地址。9I was in terrible pain我痛苦得要命。1)pain 用作名词，指“痛苦”时，常用作不可数名词。但有时可与不定冠词“a”连用，指“辛苦” “努力”时，常用其复数形式“pains” 。例如：You will forgive me if I have given you pain如果我给你带来痛苦，请原谅我。He has been in pain since he returned from Hong Kong自从香港回来，他一直处于痛苦之中。 He is in pare since he was inj
22、ured in that accident自从在那次事故中受伤以来，他一直在痛苦之中。I have a pain in my head我头痛。I have a continued pain in stomach我腹部连续的疼痛。No wonder he has taken the first placefor he has been at the pains of learning他一直学习刻苦，难怪获得第一名。No pains，no gains(No gains without pains)不劳则无获。You may save your pains你不必费心。It was done with
23、 pains它是艰辛所为。We have been demanded to spare no pains to finish it要求我们不遗余力地完成这项任务。2)pain 用作动词， “作痛，觉得痛” ， “使疼痛，使痛苦” 。例如：She was pained to hear of his death听到他的死讯，她很痛苦。His head pained this morning他今天早晨头痛。pain 作为名词，主要指肉体上的痛苦(常与介词 in 连用)，或精神心理方面的苦痛；而“ache”作为名词，只指具体意义的疼痛，常与表身体部位的名词构成一个复合名词。如：I was absent
24、 from school because of my headache因为头痛，我没有去上学。Not all persons think that toothache is a serious illness并不是所有的人都认为牙痛是一种严重的病症。wound，injure，hurt：wound 可用作名词，一般指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤，尤其指战争、战斗中的受伤。wound用作动词时，注意与 injure，hurt 的区别。wound 指战争，战斗中受伤，有时也可指“(感情)伤害” 。injure 一般指由于意外或事故而造成的损伤，有时也可指“(感情)伤害” 。hurt 为一般用语，可指肉体上伤害
25、，也可以指精神上的伤害。另外，hurt 还可作为不及物动词，是“痛”的意思。例如：Since he had a headache，he have been in pain from time to time自从他患了头痛病以后，他不时地处于痛苦之中。He went on fighting though he was badly wounded他受了伤，但仍然继续坚持战斗。I was sorry to hear that he had been badly injured in that accident听到他在事故中受了重伤我很难过。He hurt his leg when he fell f
26、rom the ladder他从梯子上摔下来伤了腿。What he said hurt me他的话伤了我的心。-Whats wrong with your legs?你的腿怎么了?-They hurt much疼得很厉害。How I wish I hadnt injured her我是多么希望我没 有伤害她的感情啊!What you have said has wounded me你所说的话已经伤害了我。1May this country never again know the _of warAache Bpain Churt Dwound2Chocolate gives me _Atoot
27、hache Btooth hurt Ctooth wound Dtooth pain3His unkind behaviour caused his parents _(许多痛苦)4A hibernating animal can not feel any _(疼痛)5 _(他腿部受了伤)when he was shot at6 _(受伤的人)lay on the carts7Since the old mans daughter died，he has always been in _Aache Baches Cpain Dpains8My feelings _(hurt)when he d
28、idnt invite me to the partyModule 2 No Drugs 重难点解析（2）10The next day，I broke into a house and stole a television and a video recorder第二天，我闯进一户人家，偷了一台电视机和一部录像 机。1)break into 意为“强行而入；闯入” 。例如：The robbers broke into his house and robbed him of many possessions强盗们闯入他的家里，抢走了许多财物。A house was broken into bet
29、ween midnight and 5 am在午夜到早上五点这段时间内，有人强行进入一家房子。They broke into the prison and set free more than 200 prisoners他们攻入监狱，释放了 200 多名犯人。2)break into 还可以表示“突然开始” 。例如：Everybody broke into roars of laughter大家哄堂大笑起来。On hearing the terrible news，they broke into tears一听到这一可怕的消息，他们都哭了起来。The people broke into lou
30、d cheers at the news人们听了这个消息，都大声欢呼起来。3)steal(stole，stolen)“偷，窃” ，作及物动词。例如：My bike was stolen while I was in the shop我进了商店后，自行车被偷了。She used to steal money from her fathers desk drawer她以前常从父亲的办公抽屉里偷钱。He stole a look at the pretty girl across the table他偷偷地看了一眼桌子那边那个漂亮的女孩。“偷，做贼，偷偷行动” ，作不及物动词。例如：He was a
31、rrested for stealing他因偷窃被拘捕。Its wrong to steal偷窃是错误的。He stole into the room他溜进了房问。偷东西的结构为 steal sthfrom sbsome place 或 steal sbs sth ；steal sbsth的含义并不是“偷了某人的东西” ，而是“偷东西来给某人” ；rob(robbed，robbed，robbing)意为抢劫。常用于结构：rob sbsome place of sth或 sth+be+robbed of(即“偷”的宾语是“物” ， “抢劫”的宾语是“人地点”)。1)steal 与 rob 含义上
32、的区别 2)二者结构上的区别1Jean had his purse _on the back home from workAsteal Bstolen Crobed of Drobbed2The little boy used to be made _from the storeAuse of stealing Bto use stealing Cuse of to steal Dto rob of3She looked down and found the purse gone，not knowing when it was _Arobbed of Brobbed Cstolen from
33、Dstolen11Using cocaine increase the users heart rate and blood pressure使用可卡因增加了使用者的心律和血压。increase 既可用作动词，也可用作名词，意为“增加；增长” 。例如：The number of tigers in India has greatly increased in recent years在最近几年中，印度老虎的数量有了很大的增长。(increase 用作不及物动词)Reading books can help you to increase your knowledge读书可使人增长知识。(inc
34、rease 用作及物动词)There was a good talk about the increase of the worlds population有一个很好的关于世界人口增长的谈话。(increase 用作名词)The increase of population will cause a lot of social problems人口的增加将会引起许多社会问题。12Smoking cack cocaine also causes anti-social behaviour吸取强效纯可卡因还会导致违 法犯罪行为，给社会造成危害。1) anti-为一个否定前缀，意为“反对，抵抗” 。
35、例如：anti-social behaviour 反社会行为，即违法犯罪行为They fought against the Japanese during the Anti-Japanese War在抗日战争期间，他们曾经同日本人打过仗。For five minutes the three girls tried their best to give out anti-sickness pills and comfort the passengers三位姑娘用 5 分钟时间，将晕车药片分发给乘客并安慰他们。2) 英语中表示否定的前缀还有：un-，dis-， il-， im-，ir-，mis-等
36、。例如：unhappy 不快乐的，discourage 泄气，illegal 不合法的，impossible 不可能的，irregular 不规则的，misunderstand 误解。13He told me that I could die if I didnt stop taking crock cocaineSo I took his advice and stopped immediately他告诉我如果我不停止吸强效纯可卡因我就要死掉了，因此，我接受了他的建议，并立刻停止吸毒。advice 是不可数名词， “一条建议”为 a piece of advice。advice 前常用的修饰
37、词有 some，any，much，pieces of，ones 等。常与 advice 连用的动词或短语有：give，askfor，take，follow，offer 等。如：Ask for Lao Wangs advice and hell give you some good advice征求老王的意见，他会给提出些很好的建议的。In one of his books，Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language马克思在他的一本书里对如何学习外语提出了一些建议。14How many of them break the la
38、w in order to pay for their drugs? 为了购买毒品，他们有 多少人犯法?so as toin order to 常用来表示目的，构成动词不定式短语，其否定形式是 so as nottoin order not to。例如：He worked very hard in order to catch up with the top student in our class他学习很努力，以便赶上我班最好的同学。Im going to make an early start so as not to get stuck in the traffic我要早点动身，以免碰上
39、交通堵塞。He came in quietly in order not to wake his wife他轻轻地进来，为了不把他妻子吵醒。I took the doctors advice in order not to continue taking drugs为了不继续吸毒我接受了医生的建议。I refused to take the drug so as not to become addicted我拒不吸毒，以防成瘾。15About 21 mil lion people died during the 1990s as a result of smoking20 世纪 90 年代，大
40、约 2，100 万人由于吸烟而死亡。as a result(of)是一个介词短语，意为“由于的结果” ，常用在有上下文(表示原因)的情况下。例如：She had so much cold drink yesterdayAs a result，she fell ill and had a high fever today由于她昨天喝了那么多的冷饮，所以今天她病了并且发高烧。As a result I have to wash all the plates and things after meals，and do a lot of work in the garden其结果是，我只得在晚饭后刷完
41、所有的盘子等餐具，而且要在花园中干许多活。As a result of the flood，thousands of parents lost their food由于洪涝灾害，成千上万的农民没有粮食吃。 As a result of his absence，we had to put off the meeting由于他的缺席，我们只好推迟会议。16Which word refers to somewhere that you can buy things? 哪个单词指的是你可以买到东西的某个地方?refer to 的具体用法如下： 论及，谈到。例如：His name was referre
42、d to in the meeting他的名字在会议中被提及。 参考，参照。例如：He cooked dinner by referring to a cookbook他的晚餐是参考一本食谱做的。 和有关，涉及。例如：What do these numbers refer to?这些数字表示什么意思? refer to sthas sth将称为。例如：California is referred to as the “Golden State”加利福尼亚被称作“黄金之州” 。refer sbto叫某人去。例如：He referred the student to the counselor他叫
43、那名学生去找辅导员。referto提交，交付。例如：The problem was referred to the committee该问题已交付委员会处理。17Which one means that something is against the law?哪一个意思是与法律相违背的?1)be against 作“反对”解，虽是介词却有动词意味，相当于 object to(“反对，不赞成” ，其中 to 为介词)，后接名词、代词、动名词。例如：Those who are against the plan may put up your hands反对这项计划的人请举起手来。I will s
44、peak against anything I know to be wrong我对自己认为不正确的事情是从来不说好话的。All the workers on strike voted against going back to work所有进行罢工的工人都投票反对复工。I wont say anything against you我是不会讲对你不利的话的。与某些动词连用，其含义并非都译作“反对” 。又如：Wed fightstruggle against our bad fate我们应当与我们不幸的命运抗争。Everyone should fight against pollution to
45、 protect our surroundings against(from)being polluted每人都应当与污染作斗争，以保护我们的环境不受污染。3) be against 表示位置关系“靠着，顶着、迎着、对着” 。例如：Please lean the ladder against the wallThat will be a bit safer请将梯子依在墙上，这样更安全一点。The picture looks good against that light wall衬着那色彩明快的墙壁，这幅画看上去很漂亮。The pine tree were black against the
46、morning sky黑黑的松树映衬在清早的天空下。Its hard to boat against the wind逆风行船是很艰难的。be against(反对)的反义词组是 be for(支持、赞同)。例如：You are against the idea while I am for it你反对这个主意，但我却很支持它。1)againstfor 是介词不是动词。2)against 的其它具体含义。18Some people feel so nervous that they call the police有些人感到如此紧张，以致于他们给警察打电话。sothat 引起表示程度或结果的状语
47、从句，作“如此以致(因而)”解，常用在下列结构中 ：so+adj ( +aan) +n+that； so+adj adv +that clause 其中 so 是副词，用以修饰其后的形容词或副词，说明其程度的大小。例如：Im always so busy with my work that I have no time to see my mother我总是工作很忙，没有时间去看望母亲。We worked so hard that we didnt go home even on Sundays我们工作是如此努力，连星期天都没有回家。They were so deeply moved that
48、 they couldnt fall asleep that night他们深受感动，以致当天晚上睡不着觉。He is so clever a boy that he call solve any problem himself他是个那么聪明的一个孩子，他能独立解决一切问题。The weather is so fine that we decide to go out for an outing天气很好，我们决定外出郊游。1)sothat 与 suchthat 在结构上的区别so+ adj(+aan) +n +that-clausesuch+ n +that-clauseHe made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper他进步很快，不久就开始用英文给一家美国报纸撰稿。They are such boys that we all like them他们是一群这样(可爱的)的孩子，我们都喜欢他们。
