1、人教新课标版高一必修一 Unit 2 English around the world 期末知识梳理一、训练导入I.考纲单词写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义(如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义)1.official ( )2. base( )3. gradually( )4. fluently( )5. frequent( )6. command( )7. expression( )8. recognize( )9. contain( )10. direct( )11. native( )12. block( )13. identity( )14. direction( )15. actu
2、ally( )II.核心短语1. _ of 由于，因为2. at _ 现在，目前3. such _ 例如4. more _ 不仅仅是， 不只是5. communicate _ sb. 与交流/ 交际6. the _ of 的数量7. _ it or not 信不信由你8. come _ 走进，上来9. make _ of 利用，使用10. play a _ in 扮演一个角色，参与11. leave _ 动身去某地12. _ space 在太空13. hold _ 稍候， 别挂断14. turn _ 关掉15. _ sea 乘轮船16. feel _ 感到高兴17. _ the corner
3、即将来临18. take note _ 注意19. build _ 增强20. make _ 有意义二、知识精讲I.重点词汇 1. present n. 礼物 adj. 在场的；目前的 vt. 赠送 典例 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。2). I am afraid I cant help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。3). Were you present when the decision was announced? 宣布那项决定时你在场
4、吗？4). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。5). May I present my new assistant to you? 请允许我向你介绍我的新助手。重点用法make sb. a present of sth.将某物赠送给某人at present/ at the present time 目前be present at 出席present-day attitudes/fashion 现在的态度/ 流行款式present sb.with sth = present sth. to sb.把某物送给某人2.
5、 command n. 经（某人之）要求: on request 一经要求: request sth (from/of sb)要求, （尤指）请求某人做某事: 4. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认典例 1). I recognized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。重点用法recognizeby sth 认出或识别某人/某事物 recognizeas sth 承认某人/某事物是
6、recog nizeto be 承认是5. straight adj.笔直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直典例 1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。6. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍 n. 街区；木块；石块典例 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街. 2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走
7、廊和出口都堵死了重点用法a block of 一大块block out 堵住block off 封锁；封闭block up 堵塞；阻碍II.重点词组 1. present n. 礼物 adj. 在场的；目前的 vt. 赠送 典例 1). The mountain bike is a birthday present from my parents.这辆山地自行车是父母给我的生日礼物。2). I am afraid I cant help you at present. 恐怕现在我没法帮助你。3). Were you present when the decision was announced
8、? 宣布那项决定时你在场吗？4). In the present case, I advise you to wait. 按照目前的情况，我建议你等等。5). May I present my new assistant to you? 请允许我向你介绍我的新助手。重点用法make sb. a present of sth.将某物赠送给某人来源:at present/ at the present time 目前be present at 出席present-day attitudes/fashion 现在的态度/ 流行款式present sb.with sth = present sth.
9、to sb.把某物送给某人2. command n. 经（某人之）要求: on request 一经要求: request sth (from/of sb)要求, （尤指）请求某人做某事: 4. recognize vt. 辨认出；承认；公认典例 1). I recogn ized her by her red hat. 我根据她的红色帽子认出了她。2). Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。重点用法recognizeby sth 认出或识别某人/某事物 recognize
10、as sth 承认某人/某事物是recognizeto be 承认是5. straight adj.笔直的；正直的 adv. 直接；挺直典例 1). This is a straight road. 这是一条直路。2). She went straight from school to university. 她中学一毕业就马上进了大学。6. block vt. 堵塞；阻碍 n. 街区；木块；石块 来源:典例 1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街. 2). A large crowd blocked the corrid
11、ors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了 来源:数理化网重点用法a block of 一大块block out 堵住block off 封锁；封闭block up 堵塞；阻碍III.重点句型 1. Which country do you think has the most English learners?解释do you think/believe/expect/ find/know/suppose 作为插入语,放在特殊疑问词后，其它内容紧跟其后并用陈述语序。 What time do you expect we will come and pick you up？你希望我
12、们几点来接你？What do you suppose he will do after he hears about the good news？你认为他听到那个好消息后会做什么呢？Why do you think their team could win the football match? 你认为他们队为什么能赢得那场足球赛呢？2. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.解释 than ever before 常与比较级连用，意为“比以往
13、任何时候更”。如：The stars were shining brightly in the dark sky, and the night was more beautiful than ever before. 繁星点缀在夜空里，夜晚比以往更美。三、语法突破直接引语和间接引语（二）引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ “标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式） 。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称
14、、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?1、人称的转变1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：He said， “I am very sorry.” He said that he was very sorry.2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说
15、的，转换成第三人称。如： She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight.” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will yo u go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” He asked me whether I would go to the stati
16、on with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。 2、时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求） ，变化如下： 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去完成时现在进行时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时现在完成时 过去完成时 过去进行时 过去进行时一般将来时 过去将来时 例如： “I am very glad
17、to visit your school”, she said. She said she was very glad to visit our school.Tom said, “ We are listening to the pop music.” Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?” Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework b
18、efore I watched TV.He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?” He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.“Why did she refuse to go there?” the teacher asked. The teacher asked why she had refused to go there.Mother asked me, “Had you finishe
19、d your homework before you watched TV?” Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday.” Tom said that they were having a football match that time the day before. He said， “I havent heard from my parents these day
20、s.” He said that he hadnt heard from his parents those days. 3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如： He always says, “I am tired out.” He always says that he is tired out.2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如： He will say, “Ill try my best to help you.” He will say that he will try his best to help me.3）当直接引语
21、部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” He told us that he went to college in 1994.4）当直接引语中有以 when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如： He said， “When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. 5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然
22、现象时，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如： He said， “Practice makes perf ect.” He said that practice makes perfect.7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used
23、to, need 时，如： 例如：The doctor said, “Youd better drink plenty of water.” The doctor said Id better dri nk plenty of water.He said, “She must be a teacher.” He said that she must be a teacher.He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.” He said that she ought to have arrived her office by th
24、en.The teacher said, “You neednt hand in your compositions today.” The teacher said we neednt/didnt need to/didnt have to hand in our compositions.She asked, “Must I take the medicine?” She asked if she had to take the medicine.注：此处用 had to 代替 must 更好8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here 不必改为there,
25、动词 come 不必改为 go，如果当天转述 yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon 等均不必改变。如： Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor? Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon. 4、时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化1）时间状语：直接引语 间接引语 直接引语 间接引语now then tomorrow the
26、 next（ following）daytoday that day next week the next（following）week （month, year）yesterday the day before two days ago two days beforelast week （month, year） the week （month, year）before this week that week（month, year ）2）指示代词：these 变成 those3）地点状语：here 变成 there She said, “I wont come here any more.
27、” She said that she wouldnt go the re any more4）动词：come 变成 go，bring 变成 take 5、直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化1）陈述句。用连词 that 引导，that 在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用 told 来代替，注意，可以说 said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” He said to us that he had be
28、en to the Great Wall.He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday.” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说 told that） 此外主句中的谓语还常有：repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think 等，又如： He said，“Im late because of the heavy traffic.” He explained to
29、 us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.如果间接引语是由 that 引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。 The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon.” The doctor said（that）I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词 whether 或 if 引
30、导，原主句中谓语动词 said 要改为 asked（me/him/us 等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English.3） 直 接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用
31、 whetheror表达，而不用 ifor，也不用eitheror. 如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”He asked me whether I spoke English or FrenchI asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用 ask（sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如： He aske
32、d，“Whats your name?” He asked （me ）what my name was.He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带 to 的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request 等。如 ask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句变成）ask sb
33、. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如： He said， “Be seated, please.” He asked us to be seated.“Do be careful with your handwriting.” He said. He told me to be careful with my handwriting.“Never come here again!” said the officer nearby. The officer ordered the villagers never to g
34、o there again.“Dont touch anything in the lab without permission,” the teacher said. The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission. 6）有些含有“建议” 、“劝告”的祈使句，可用 suggest, insist, offer 等动词转述，如：He said, “Lets have a rest.” He suggested our having a rest.He said, “Let m
35、e help you.” He offered to help me.7）当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示请求，建议意义时，可用ask sb. to do sth. /suggest doing/advise sb. to do sth. 等形式转述。如： “Would you mind opening the door?” he asked. He asked me to open the door.“Why not going out for a walk?” he asked us. He advised us to go out for a walk. 或 He suggested w
36、e go out for a walk.8）直接引语是感叹句时，变间接引语可用 what 或 how 引导，也可用 that 引导，如： She said, “What a lovely day it is!” She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day直接引语和间接引语练习 2I. 请选出正确的答案： 1. “Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked.She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnt
37、 you B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.2. He asked, “Are you a Party member or a League member?”He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whethe
38、r was I a Party member or a League member.3. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along4. He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what wa
39、s the matter5. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _me _that again.A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; dont do C. told me; dont do D. told me; not to do6. Can you make sure _?A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here todayC. will he come here today D. whether will he come here toda
40、y7. Do you happen to know _?A. where is her address B. in which place is her addressC. what her address is D. the place her address is8. Excuse me, but can you tell me _?A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the libraryC. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library
41、9. John asked me _ to visit his uncles farm with him.A. how would I like B. if or not would I likeC. whether I would like D. which I would like10. Id like to know _ Chinese.A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learnC. when did he begin learning D. for how long he began to learn II. 将下列句
42、子变为间接引语： 1. “You should be more careful next time,” his father said to him.2. Mr. Wang said, “I will leave for Shanghai on business next month, children”3. “I havent heard from my parents these days,” said Mary.4. The geography teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes
43、round thesun.”5. She said to him, “Its time that you left here.”6. Zhang Hong said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”7. John said to his pare nts, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.”8. The history teacher said to them, “The Chinese Communist Party was founded on July fi
44、rst, 1921.”9. He said, “Are you a student?”10. “Have you anything interesting I can read, George?” she said.11. “Shes here to ask for help, isnt she?” he asked.12. “Where are you going?” the father asked his son.13. “Are you sorry for what you have done?” the mother asked the naughty boy.14. She sai
45、d, “Did you meet this man at the station two hours ago, Mr. Li?”15. “Write your names on your papers first,” the teacher said to us.16. “Please come here again tomorrow,” her friend said to her.17. “Let me pack the parcel for you,” he said.18. “Dont make so much noise in class, boys and girls,” said
46、 the teach er.19. “What a lovely day it is!”20. “Happy New Year to you!” he said.III. 把下列句子变为直接引语： 1. I told him that I had lost my money and that I would find it.2. She asked whether I would be free the next day or not.3. I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day.4.
47、His father told him not to climb that high tree in his new coat.5. The stranger asked me what my name was.6. She said that she would finish her work the next day.7. The teacher asked if we could do it.8. The commander ordered his men not to cross the river before dawn.9. My teacher asked whether he was coming.10. The scientist asked me what I was doing.答案I. 1-5 B C C D D 6-10 A C D C AII. 1. His father told him that he should be more careful the next time.2. Mr. Wang told the children that he would leave for Shanghai on business the
