1、外文资料9th INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP AND TUTORIALS EDM2008, SESSION II, JULY 1-5, ERLAGOLLaboratory Complex for MetrologicalCharacteristics Calibration and Research of Pressure GaugesMihail Ju. Loktev 1, Victor A. Abanin 1, Andrey V. Kornienko 2, Vasiliy B. Ananiyn Biysk Technological Institute of the Alt
2、ay State Technical University by. I.I. Polzunov, Biysk, RussiaFSUE Federal Research and Production Center Altay, Biysk, RussiaAbstract - The structure of a laboratory complex for calibration and research of pressure strain gauges is being founded. The analysis of the obtained results is given. The l
3、aboratory complex can be applied at the industrial enterprises and in educational process for the students of instrument-making specialties.Index Terms Calibration, Pressure strain gauge, Digital measuring unit DK 38 S6 (digital compensator),PressureI. INTRODUCTIONTHE URGENCY OF WORKING OUT of a lab
4、oratory complex calibration and research of pressure strain gauges is caused by growing quality requirements to gauge metrological characteristics control in operational conditions reducing simultaneously results processing and registration time. Their performance is connected with the necessity to
5、apply automated registration and processing of output electrical signals of the gauges according to the set algorithms, registrations and print of the documents.From the analysis of practical experience of metrological maintenance of the measuring devices that are applied in the test engineering, th
6、e expediency of expansion of methodical laboratory complex supply to have a possibility to perform experimental research to get additional measuring data that are connected with the particular effect of operational conditions on the gauges along with standard metrological procedures that are conduct
7、ed in gauges calibration. Besides the developed laboratory complex is actual to be applied for the educational purposes with the students of instrument-making specialties in high schools that allows to approximate as much as possible the educational process to the real operation of industrial metrol
8、ogical services.The novelty of the work consists in possibility to analyze comparatively the metrological characteristics of various type gauges by the results of their experimental research with standard or special test impacts.The purpose of the given work is to increase efficiency of the control
9、work of metrological pressure gauges characteristics that are used in test engineering, and also to improve educational process on the base of modern computer technologies application and hardware at the student laboratory researches that are trained Metrology, Standardization, Certification on a sp
10、ecialty Information and Measuring Engineering.To obtain the given object the following complex of the interconnected problems was being solved a choice of structure of a laboratory complex with the modern element base, computer technologies, working out of methodical maintenance of gauge calibration
11、 work and also the laboratory works aimed at studying a modern status and perspective trends to improve pressure gauges. II. TECHNIQUE OF WORKING OUT OF ALABORATORY COMPLEXAt the first stage of the work the choice of laboratory complex structure of a (Fig. 1) is performed. The choice is performed on
12、 the base of the modern status analysis of information-measuring engineering and metrological maintenance development to measure and measurement of overpressure. The Basic structural elements of the laboratory complex are the working standard of pressure that is dead-weight pressure gauge of type of
13、 MT-60 or MT-600 (a class of accuracy 0,05), pressure strain gauges of various accuracy grades, digital compensator DK38S6 of firm HBM of Germany (accuracy grades 0,0025), PC. In the methodical plan the choice of type the gauges was important. It is spent on the basis of following criteria: potentia
14、lly high accuracy of a physical principle of action, release of gauges by the industrial enterprises, wide area of practical application (the industry, the test technology, scientific researches), possibility of formation of party gauges with various constructive schemes and manufacturing techniques
15、 of elastic elements and measuring converters. From the analysis of a modern status of development of gauges (sensor controls) it is established, that in the greatest measure to the specified criteria satisfy the pressure strain gauges which principle of action is based on tension resistive effect-c
16、hange of resistance of resistors from metal alloys or semiconductors under the influence of deformations.Applied types of gauges are broken into three groups.Fig. 1. Structure of the laboratory complex1 - dead-weight pressure gauge; 2-1, 2-2, , 2-n - analyzed gauges;3 - digital compensator DK38S6 fi
17、rms HBM (Germany); 4 -PC; 5 - software; 6 - printer.The first group of gauges is characterized by following features of a design and manufacturing techniques. Elastic elements of gauges are made of the hollow cylinder and with fixed on him on glutinous technology wire strain gauge from constantan. M
18、easured pressure is passed to an elastic element through an additional membrane with an intermediate element.At gauges of the second group elastic elements are made of the deaf cylinder with fixed on him glue strain gauge from constantan. Measured pressure operates from a free end face of the hollow
19、 cylinder.At the third group of gauges an elastic element is the membrane, on the one hand which measured pressure operates, and on an opposite side are fixed strain gauge, made on without glue microelectronic technology.The general for all gauges is connection strain gauge in Wheatstone bridge elec
20、tric circuit. Transformation of signals of gauges is provided digital compensator DK38S6 of a class of accuracy-0.0025. The basic functional sites of digital jack DK38S6 are amplifier MTF 3751 alternating currents on frequency of 225 Hz, analogue-digital converter ADC 3750 and the micro-computer. Di
21、gital jack DK38S6 strengthens signals of gauges and makes their analogue- digital transformation, filters hindrances, translates figures in units of measure, passes results on standard interfaces RS232C and IEEE 488-78 in the computer and other peripheral equipment. Pressure of a food of the gauge i
22、s switched on in a chain of a feedback and used for autocalibration. Autocalibration can periodically repeat or on request of the operator. The strengthened measuring signals from the gauge are demodulated also move on the filter of low frequencies.Management of job analog-digital converter AD 3750
23、carries out the micro-computer, operating working functions of the device and providingcommunication between all its blocks. Digital value on a converter exit to proportionally relation of the entrance pressure Uj arriving from an exit of the gauge, and basic pressure of food U. DK38S6 ensures funct
24、ioning on 16 channels with various combinations of installations of a range and parameters of gauges, filters, calibration modes. Results of measurements stand out in the form of value of working factor of transfer mB/B on the display and if necessary on the printer built in the device.III. METHODIC
25、AL MAINTENANCE OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES OF GAUGESHysteresis and nonlinearity definition calibration chart of gauges of pressure are spent by typical techniques1.At carrying out of experimental researches of gauges definition of two their new characteristics is entered:1. Instability of target sign
26、als of gauges from long and continuous in time of action of pressure equal to rating value.2. A mean square deviation of a casual making error of gauges from action of sequence of pressure differences; Instability ti target signals of gauges from long and continuous in time of action of pressure equ
27、al to rating value characterizes change in time of current values of signals during time moments ti concerning its initial value at the moment of time t1 (Fig. 2). The specified characteristic ti pays off under the formula (1). Fig. 2. Test continuous effect in time of reference pressure gauge at de
28、finition of instability of target signals. Time of action of reference loading corresponding to face value of gauge Pnom. t = t1 - t2 should make 20 minutes Quantity of results of measurement of target signals of gauges should be from 20 to 30. (1)where RKPt1 - a target signal of the gauge at the mo
29、ment of time t1 - the beginnings of action of a rated load; RKPti - a target signal of the gauge at a rated load in time present situation ti. The casual component of an error gauges at effect of differences pressure reference (Fig. 3) from zero value to value equal to face value of gauges Pnom pays
30、 off under the formula (2). The quantity of impulses to loadings makes from 20 to 30. Fig. 3. Test loading of reference differences of pressure fordefinition of a casual making error.where RKPi - working factor of transfer to the investigated gauge at difference with number i, n - quantity of loadin
31、gs. IV. THE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHESBy present time the analysis of results experimental researches of instability target signals of gauges from long and continuous in time of action pressure equal to rating value is carried out. Typical relative changes target signals of the inve
32、stigated gauges from long and continuous in time of pressure action equal to rating value are displayed in Fig. 4. Fig. 4 - Change of testimonials from of effect nominal pressureIn particular it is established, that from long influence of reference level of pressure the least deviations of target si
33、gnals are observed at strain gauges of pressure of the second type. At this type of strain gauges relative changes of signals do not exceed 0,002 %. The greatest deviations (0,10-0,12) % of target signals it is noted at strain gauges of the firsttype at which are applied wire strain gauge from const
34、antan fixed on an elastic element of gauges by glue.The least level of nonlinearity and hysteresis calibration chart of gauges is noted at gauges of the second group. Nonlinearity calibration chart of gauges this group is in limits (0,11 0,14) %, and a hysteresis (0,03 0,05) %.The greatest level of
35、nonlinearity and hysteresis calibration chart of gauges is observed at gauges of the first group. Nonlinearity calibration chart of gauges changes in limits (0,68 0,87) %, and a hysteresis (0,15 0,24) %.Nonlinearity and hysteresis calibration chart of gauges the third group of gauges are characteriz
36、ed by intermediate values of the given characteristics of gauges of the first and second group. V. CONCLUSIONSThe structure of a laboratory complex, methodical maintenance and software which can be applied to calibration of pressure strain gauges with the control of their metrological characteristic
37、s in operational conditions, and also in educational process for the students of an instrument-making specialty that are trained on the specialty Information and Measuring Engineering is founded.REFERENCES1 Levshina E.S., Novitsky P.V. Electric measurements of physical sizes: (measuring converters)
38、the Manual. - L: Energatomizdat, 1983. - 320 with., silt.2 Operating manual DK38S6, Hottinger Baldwin Messetechnik GMBH Mihail Ju. Loktev student of the fifth year of the Biysk Technological Institute, faculty of Information Technologies, Automation and Management, specialty Information and Measurin
39、g Engineering. Victor A. Abanin, Doctor of Technical sciences professor of Measuring and Automation Methods and Means Chair of the Biysk Technological Institute. Scientific research field is designing means of measuring mechanical values of force, pressure and movement for test engineering and machi
40、ne building industry.Vasiliy B. Ananiyn was born in Caryvka, Russia, 1950. He graduated from Tomsk University of Control System and Radiolectronics in 1972. Now he is chief metrology FSUE Federal Research and Production Center Altay.Andrey V. Kornienko was born in Biysk, Russia, 1976. He graduated f
41、rom Biysk Technological Institute in 2002. Engineer first category FSUE Federal Research and Production Center Altay.中文翻译第九届国际讲习班和 EDM 教程 2008 年，第二届会议， 7 月 15，ERLAGOL实验室复杂计量特性标定和压力测量仪的研究Mihail Ju. Loktev 1, Victor A. Abanin 1, Andrey V. Kornienko 2, Vasiliy B. Ananiyn 2阿尔泰国立技术大学的比斯克技术研究所 I.I.Polzuno
42、v，比斯克，俄罗斯FSUE 联邦研究和生产中心阿尔泰，比斯克，俄罗斯摘要 应用于压应变计的校准和研究复杂实验室正在构建。已经给出分析得到的结果。复杂实验室可以应用在工业企业和在教育中仪器制造专业的学生。关键字 校准，应变的压力表、 电子数显测量单位 DK 38 S6 （数字补偿器） ，压力一. 导言建立一个复杂的校准实验室和压力应变计研究的迫切需要是由操作条件下测量控制计量特征并同时减少结果处理和登记时间的增长要求引起的。他们的表现与应用于自动注册和通过集合算法处理计量的输出信号以及登记和打印的文件的需求相结合。从应用在测试工程测量设备计量维护实践经验的分析，有效扩张复杂系统实验室有可能会执行
43、实验研究来获得用于仪表校准的额外测量数据，这些数据与特定的操作条件对指标的影响以及在仪表进行校准的标准计量程序。除复杂先进的实验室是实际用于教育目的，如高中学校仪器制造专业的学生，允许教育过程运作尽可能多近似的真正的工业计量服务。工作的新颖性在于可能性分析比较各种类型仪表的计量特性的结果与标准或特殊测试影响的实验研究。给定工作的目的是提高用于在测试工程中计量压力表控制工作的效率，并改善现代计算机技术应用和学生实验室硬件的研究，诸如计量、 标准化、 认证的专业信息和测量工程。获取给定的对象以下相互关联的复杂问题被解决的是结构复杂是构建基于计算机技术和融合现代元素的复杂实验室，并做计校准工作的系统
44、维护规划以及旨在研究现代现状和观点趋势改善压力表的实验室工作的一个机会。二、复杂实验室的技术工作在第一阶段的工作 （图 1） 中实验室复杂结构的选择被执行。这个选择是在信息测量工程现状分析及计量维修发展的权衡和超压测量的基础上执行的。复杂实验室的基本结构要素都是以静重式压力计的压力工作标准衡量的类型，诸如 MT 60 或 MT-600 （精度 0.05 的类） ，数字补偿器 DK38S6 公司德国 HBM (精度等级 0,0025)，PC 的各精度等级的压力表应变仪。在有条不紊的计划中压力表类型的选择是重要的。它基于以下标准： 按物理原理执行的潜在高精度的行动，工业企业的释放指标、 宽领域的实
45、际应用 (工业、 测试技术、 科研） 、 各种建设性计划和制造技术的弹性元件和测量转换器为方仪表的构造提供可能性。从压力表的现代发展状况分析出（传感器控件） 它已经被建立，在指定的条件内最大程度满足压力应变计分析原则，这些原则基于张力电阻式效应- 金属合金或半导体由变形导致电阻器的电阻变化。压力表的应用类型被分成三个组。图 1。结构的复杂实验室1 自重压力表 ；2-1 ，2-2，2-n-分析测量仪; 3-数字补偿器 DK38S6 公司 HBM （德国） ；-4 PC ；5-软件 ；6-打印机。第一组的压力表是以下功能的设计和制造技术为特点的。弹性元件压力表由空心圆筒的并使用他的粘合技术将康铜线
46、固定在应变仪上。被测的压力通过额外膜中间元素传递给弹性元件。第二组压力表的弹性元件由固定的空心圆筒，并粘附了康铜 的应变计。被测的压力操作从自由端空心圆筒的脸。第三组压力表的弹性元件是膜，一方面进行测量压力的操作，另一方面是固定的应变计，不需要胶合的微电子技术上。所有仪表一般是连接在应变计惠斯通电桥电路中。转型压力表信号由精度为 0.0025 数字补偿器 DK38S6 提供。数字杰克 DK38S6 的基本功能由放大器 MTF 3751 频率 225 Hz 的交流电、 模拟- 数字转换器 ADC 3750 和微型计算机构成。数字杰克 DK38S6 加强压力表的信号和对信号进行模拟-数字转换，滤波
47、器筛选，转换信号为成度量单位，在计算机和其他外围设备上将结果传递至标准接口 RS232C 和 IEEE 488-78。压力计是开启一连串的反馈，用于自动校准。自动校准可以定期重复或处理操作符的请求。仪表中被加强的测量信号通过低通滤波器被解调。管理作业模拟-数字转换器 AD 3750 带入微型计算机，操作设备的工作职能和提供其所有模块之间的通信。数字值转换器输出与从压力计输出的转换器入口电压 U j 的比例关系，基础的 U 的压力。DK38S6 可确保 16 个通道上各种仪表范围和参数、 滤波器、 校准模式组合的安装正常工作。测量的结果在工作和因素的转换公式 mB/B ，在显示屏上显示值的形式，
48、如果有必要可以在打印机上生成设备。三、系统的维护指标的实验研究压力表的压力滞后和非线性定义校准图表是典型技术中应用的。在进行的压力表指标的实验研究中两个新定义的特点：1.长期和持续测量的压力中得到的仪表的不稳定目标信号等于额定压力值2.均值方差：压力表的序列的压力差异造成的随机误差； 根据仪表长期和持续的行动的压力得到不稳定目标信号 ti的等价特征，在 ti=t1 时刻时由它的初始值改变为信号的当前值。ti 指定的特性根据公式得出。图 2 测试中定义的目标信号不稳定的参考及各压力表相对时间的持续影响引用加载相应的面值 Pnom 的执行的时间。 t = t1-t2 应该做 20 分钟的目标信号的
49、测量，仪器测量的结果应从 20 到 30。(1) 凡 RKPt1-t11 时刻的目标信号- 额定负载的行动的开端； RKPti-额定负载现状 t i 时刻的目标信号。一个错误 压力参考指标影响的差异随意组合，从零值到峰值的不同参考压力（图 3） Pnom 根据公式（2 ）得出， 压力表压力参考。对负载的脉冲数量从 20 上升到 30。图 3 测试参考不同的加载压力随机错误的定义。RKPi-工作要素转移到调查仪表在 i，n 值的不同引起的异上， n-荷载的数量。四. 实验研究的结果分析目前对从长期和持续的行动等于额定压力值的仪表不稳定目标信号的分析，实验研究的结果已经出来了。从长期和持续的测量得到的值等于额定压力值在调查仪表得到的典型的相对变化目标信号显示在图 4 中。图 4-公称压力变化的影响特别是它被建立，参考水平的压力,从长远影响目标信号的最小偏差的应变仪观察到的第二种类型的压力。在这种类型的应变计的信号的相对变化不超过 0002%。(0.10-0.12）%的最大偏差目标信号注意到在第一种类型的应变计在其中有康铜由胶水固定在测量仪的弹性元件的应变计。最小程度的非线性和滞后指标的标定图的表示在第二组的指标。非线性校准图表压力表的这一组是在限制
