1、关于团体咨询在高职大学生心理健康教育课程中的应用的探析中英文对照Analysis on the application of group counseling in Higher Vocational College Students psychological health education in the course of English如何上好大学生的心理健康课，探索适合高职院校大学生的教学方式，是目前迫切需要解决的问题。笔者结合高职教育特点和教学改革的实际情况，提出把团体心理辅导应用在大学生心理健康教育课程中的设想。从高职心理健康教育对象、课程特点以及缓解心理健康教育师资压力方面进行
2、了可行性分析，并总结了自身实践应用中的有益经验。Mental health education to students, for students to explore the teaching mode of higher vocational colleges, is an urgent need to solve the problem. The author according to actual conditions of the characteristics of higher vocational education and teaching reform, and point
3、s out that the application of group counseling in mental health education of college students “ “ in the course of. The feasibility analysis from the aspects of object, vocational college mental health education curriculum and ease the pressure characteristics of teachers mental health education, an
4、d summarizes the useful experience of its practical application.关键词：团体咨询；高职教育；心理健康教育Keywords: group counseling; mental health education in higher vocational education;问题的提出The problem开设大学生心理健康教育课程是当前大学生心理健康干预的有效方式之一。关于大学生心理健康教育课程问题，国内已进行过不少探索。但从总的情形看,对课程设置、内容体系探讨较多，而对课程教学具体实施的研究较少；心理健康课程教学中理论知识的讲授较多
5、，而心理素质训练的比重较少；大学生心理健康教育课程的笼统论述较多，而真正体现高职教育规律的研究较少。如何上好大学生的心理健康课，探索适合高职院校大学生的教学方式，是目前迫切需要解决的问题。Courses for college students psychological health education is one of the effective ways of current university student psychological healthy intervention. On College Students psychological health education
6、curriculum problems, has done some exploration in china. But from the overall situation, the content system of curriculum setting, study more, less research on curriculum implementation; mental health course teaching theoretical knowledge taught more, and the small proportion of mental quality train
7、ing; college mental health education curriculum general discussed a lot, and truly reflect the principle of higher education research. Mental health education to students, for students to explore the teaching mode of higher vocational colleges, is an urgent need to solve the problem.我校从 2001 年开始将大学生
8、心理健康教育定为全校大学生必修课。为了提高高职大学生心理健康教育课程的针对性和有效性，笔者结合高职教育特点和教学改革的实际情况，总结以前心理健康教育课程的经验，提出把团体心理辅导应用在大学生心理健康教育课程中的设想，根据高职大学生心理发展特点，突破传统的课堂教学，对学校素质教http:/ school will start “ the psychological health education of college students “ as the school students compulsory from 2001. In order to improve the college s
9、tudents mental health education curriculum in Higher Vocational Colleges and the effectiveness of the actual situation, the author combines the characteristics of higher vocational education and teaching reform, summarizes the previous mental health education curriculum experience, and points out th
10、at the application of group counseling in mental health education of college students “ “ course, according to the characteristics of higher vocational college students psychological development, break the classroom teaching the traditional, make a new try of school quality education and curriculum
11、reform.可行性分析The feasibility analysis国内心理学家对团体心理咨询的理解存在细微差异。笔者认同著名心理学家车文博先生的观点“团体咨询或称集体咨询，是心理咨询的一种重要形式，即咨询工作者帮助一类人（两人以上至几十人）解决其存在的共同心理问题的形式，如做报告、讲座、参观、看录像、开展团体交流、讨论等” 。本文中的“团体心理咨询”特指此意。The existence of subtle differences in the understanding of the group psychological counseling psychologist. “ I agr
12、ee with views of the famous psychologist Che Wenbo s group counseling, group counseling, is an important form of psychological counseling, the counselor to help a people ( two people above to dozens of people ) to solve the common psychological problems of the form, such as reports, lectures, visits
13、, watch videos, develop group communication, discussion etc. “. The “ group counseling “ refers to the.（一）团体咨询的前提是求询者的问题具有相似性( a ) the premise of group counseling is seeking consultation problem with similarity团体咨询的特点之一是求询者问题的相似性。咨询员根据求询者问题的相似性，以一种支持性的团体氛围来推动咨询进程，整个团体就是一个助人集合。通过共同探讨、训练、引导，解决成员共同的发展或
14、共同的心理障碍。通过若干次的团体聚会、活动，成员相互交往，共同探讨大家关心的问题，彼此启发，相互反应、支持、鼓励，以便改善人际关系，增强社会适应性，促进人格成长。One of the characteristics of group counseling is similarity seeking consultation questions. The consultant according to the similarity of inquirers problem, with a supportive group atmosphere to promote consultation pr
15、ocess, the whole group is a helpful set. Through discussing, training, guidance, solve the member joint development or common mental disorder. Through several group meetings, activities, interaction between the members, to discuss issues of concern to everyone, mutual inspiration, interaction, suppo
16、rt, encourage, in order to improve interpersonal relationship, and enhance social adaptability, promote personality development.从 2001 级开始，我校将大学生心理健康教育课列为全校新生必修课。大学新生处于由中学向大学转变的关键期，很容易出现心理适应不良等发展性问题。对于高职新生而言，他们知识面较广，但缺乏深入钻研的精神，所掌握知识的深度不够；思维比较活跃，但往往不求甚解；大部分是独生子女，实践能力较差，依赖心理较强；人际交往能力较差，自我意识强烈。他们普遍存在心理
17、适应不良的问题。普高生基本上是传统教育理念和教学方式下成长起来的，重知识的学习而轻能力的锻炼；思想模式化，创新意识淡薄；依赖性强，独立实践的能力较差。一些普高生往往沉浸在高考失利的阴影中不能自拔。而职高生http:/ the beginning of the 2001 class, our school will “ psychological health education of college students “ class as a freshman courses. University Freshmen in a critical period of transition fro
18、m high school to university, is prone to psychological maladjustment and other development issues. For freshmen, they have a wide range of knowledge, but the lack of in-depth study of the spirit, grasp the depth of knowledge is not enough; more active thinking, but often read without thorough unders
19、tanding; most are only children, poor practical ability, strong psychological dependence; poor interpersonal skills, a strong sense of self. They generally have psychological maladjustment problems. The high school students basically grew up in traditional education ideas and teaching mode, knowledg
20、e learning and ability to exercise; mode of thinking, innovation consciousness; dependence, poor ability of independent practice. Some high school students often immersed in failed in the college entrance examination in the shadow of inextricably bogged down in. While the students ability is strong,
21、 independent consciousness is strong, but to learn the basis of poor, especially difficulties exist in English and maths, for strict school management can not adapt to.高职新生共同面临的发展性问题，如不适应学习和人际交往等，构成团体心理咨询亟待解决的问题。学生班集体（一般 3040 人）是天然的咨询团体，每一个学生都是团体成员。心理教育课的任课教师就是自然的团体指导者。在高职大学生心理健康课程教学中运用团体心理咨询，在教学过程中
22、注重“经验分享” ，团体成员在讨论中可以获得正确认知，有助于缓解学生的不良情绪。学生可以通过相互沟通，无形中获得心理上的支持，有利于疏解学生对环境的陌生感，增进相互了解，共同发展。它特别有利于学生的主动学习，有助于学生尽快适应高中到大学学习方式的转变。在高职大学生心理健康课程教学过程中，把班级作为一个团队来建设，教师注重师生关系与同学关系及学生的参与。学生既是课堂教学的参与者，又是课程的建设者，他们有权力和义务来促进教学的开展。鼓励学生的参与和贡献，采取民主和讨论的方式，激发学生的动机和共同目的，把学生的意见和贡献运用在教学中，强化他们的主动性和实践性，使他们更加投入地、积极地、自觉地学习。此
23、外，还有助于培养学生的适应社会生活的能力，学会相互尊重，相互了解，锻炼他们人际交往的能力。Problems in the development of Higher Vocational Freshmen face common, if not meet the learning and communication etc., constitute the group counseling problems. Class ( general 30-40 people ) is the natural Consulting Group, every student is a member of
24、the group. Psychological education teachers is a natural group guidance. The use of group psychological counseling in Higher Vocational College Students psychological health course teaching, pay attention to “ experience “ in the process of teaching, group members can obtain correct cognition in the
25、 discussion, help to ease the students depression. Students can communicate with each other, get psychological support virtually, is conducive to ease students unfamiliar to the environment, promote mutual understanding, mutual development. Active learning is especially beneficial to students, helps
26、 students to adapt to the changing of the learning style of senior high school to university. In the teaching process of Higher Vocational College Students psychological health course, the class as a team to the construction, teachers focus on the relationship between teachers and students and stude
27、nts and student participation. The student is a classroom teaching and course participants, builders, for they have the authority and obligation to promote the teaching. Encourage student participation and contribution, and discuss the way to democracy, stimulate students motivation and common purpo
28、se, apply student comments and contributions in the http:/ of teaching, strengthen the initiative and practice them, making them more input, actively, consciously learning. In addition, also help to cultivate students ability to adapt to social life, learn to respect each other, mutual understanding
29、, ability to exercise their interpersonal communication.（二）团体咨询是动态的人际交往过程，以成员为主角，感染力强，影响广泛( two ) the group counseling is interpersonal dynamic process, with members of the protagonist, infection and strong, wide influence团体咨询强调整个团体的动力性质，团体内的人际互动是核心，团体成员间积极互动的人际关系正是每个成员发生改变的基础，而每个成员的改变也正是整个团体动力性的体现。
30、团体咨询是以学生为主角，模仿日常生活，精心设计情境，创造机会和条件，使学生在教师的组织指导下，遵循平等民主、真诚友善、共同发展、自主自愿和信任保密等原则，共同参与，相互信任、相互了解。Group counseling on dynamic properties of the whole group, interactions within the group is the core, the interpersonal relationship between members of the group of positive interaction is the base of each me
31、mber s changed, and each member of the change is the embodiment of the whole group power. Group counseling is take the student as the main character, the imitation of life, carefully design situation, create conditions and opportunities, make students in the teachers organizations under the guidance
32、, follow the equality and democracy, sincerely, common development, autonomic and voluntary and trust the principles of confidentiality, participation, mutual trust, mutual understanding.众所周知，高职教育人才培养定位在技术应用型人才，所以高职教育与现行的普通专科和本科教育有着明显的不同。高职教育具有很强的职业定向性，比较明显地体现在直接为产品生产和社会服务的职能上。高职教学必须突出与之相适应的自身特点，主要体
33、现在知识理论上以够用为度，职业技能上以适用为本。大学生心理健康课程作为高职教育的重要组成部分，主要内容应该包括职业生涯规划、自我意识、人格培养、情绪调控、人际关系协调、学习方法指导、恋爱心理调适、心理危机干预等。高职大学生心理健康教育课程应该是生活经验型的课程。这就决定了在教学方法上必须突破原有的教学模式，采取以体验性为主的模式。尽可能为学生创造体验、分享、共同成长的机会，引导学生增强体察自身心理状态的敏感性，积累对人生和世界的感悟。除了必要的理论讲授外，高职大学生心理健康教育课程注重角色扮演、参与讨论、行为训练等活动教学，以经验、感受为载体，探索更具实效性的教学方式。团体心理咨询在高职大学生
34、心理健康教育课程教学中具有很多优势。首先，团体咨询活动是动态的人际交往过程，给团体成员提供了相互学习的机会；其次，团体心理咨询符合高职新生的身心发展特点。他们既渴望了解自己，又渴望与同龄人交流，但又很羞怯，同时也有独立性发展所带来的“怀疑权威” 。在团体中，随着人际关系的发展，会逐步建立起一种开放的、包容的、支持性的团体氛围，在这样的氛围中，成员们可以更轻松自然地自我表露。As everyone knows, the positioning of talent in technology applied talents training in higher vocational educati
35、on, so the higher vocational education and ordinary college and undergraduate education current are obviously different. Higher vocational education with occupation orientation is very strong, obviously reflected in the direct production and social service functions. Higher vocational education must
36、 highlight the characteristics, is mainly embodied in the theory of knowledge in a sufficient level, occupation skill to apply for the. Psychological health courses as an important part of higher education, the main content should include the occupation career planning, self-awareness, personality,
37、emotional regulation, interpersonal coordination, learning method guidance, love psychological adjustment, psychological crisis intervention. College http:/ psychological health education curriculum in higher vocational colleges should be living experience curriculum. This decision must break throug
38、h the traditional teaching mode in the teaching method, rely mainly on the experience model. As much as possible to create, share experience, common growth opportunities for students, guide students to enhance sensitivity and their psychological state, the accumulation of life and the world feeling.
39、 In addition to teach the essential theory, pay attention to cosplay, to participate in the discussion, behavior training activities such as teaching students mental health education curriculum in higher vocational education, experience, feeling as the carrier, to explore more effective ways of teac
40、hing. Group counseling has many advantages in the higher vocational college students mental health education curriculum teaching. First of all, the group counseling activities is the interpersonal dynamic process, provides the opportunity to learn from each other to the group members; secondly, the
41、group psychological counseling in line with the characteristics of physical and mental development of Freshmen in Higher Vocational colleges. They are eager to understand yourself, and eager to communicate with peers, but very shy, but also suspicious of authority from independent development “ “. I
42、n the group, with the development of interpersonal relationship, will gradually establish an open, inclusive, supportive community atmosphere, in this kind of atmosphere, members can be more relaxed and natural self.（三）团体咨询的高效性在一定程度上可以解决高职大学生心理健康课程师资不足的问题( three ) efficiency of group counseling can
43、solve the shortage of Teachers College Students psychological health education in Higher Vocational College to a certain extent大学生心理健康教育工作需要更多优质的师资，但目前能够胜任这项工作的教师远远不够。团体咨询在一定程度上可以解决大学生心理健康课程师资不足的问题。团体咨询丰富多彩的形式，如做报告、讲座、参观、看录像、开展团体交流、讨论等，相对个体心理咨询的主要优势在于，为学生提供了与其他成员一起尝试与体验新行为的环境，有助于成员的人际学习与自我探索，并且时间上更经
44、济。它可以在同一时间内提供多重帮助，不仅仅是咨询员对参与者的帮助，也是参与成员的互助。在一种帮助集合中，推动咨询进程，达到咨询效果。College Students psychological health education work need more high-quality teachers, but it can do the work of teachers is not enough. Group counseling can solve the shortage of teachers mental health course of college students to so
45、me extent. Group counseling, rich and colorful forms, such as reports, lectures, visits, watch videos, develop group communication, discussion, main advantages relative to individual psychological consultation, provides a environment and experience new behavior together with other members for studen
46、ts, contributing member of the interpersonal learning and exploration of the self, and time more economic. It can provide multiple help at the same time, not only is a consultant to the participants to help, but also to participate in the cooperative members. With the help of a collection, promote c
47、onsultation process, achieve the effect of consultation.实践应用Practical application（一）加强授课行政班的团队建设( a ) to strengthen the team building of administrative class teaching团体咨询中一切活动都是在团体情境下展开的，把授课行政班作为团队来建设，是本课的特色之一。团体咨询是多向人际沟通的过程，沟通的效果直接决定了团队的氛围。在http:/ activities of group counseling services are conducted in the group context, the teaching administrative class as a team to the construction, is one of the characteristics of this course. Group counseling is a process of multiway interpersonal communication, commu
