1、解剖学专业英语词汇VOCABULARY LIST（* 者属掌握内容）*anatomy ntmi 解剖学*human anatomy hju:mn 人体解剖学*systematic anatomy ,sistimtik 系统解剖学*regional anatomy ri:dnl 局部解剖学sectional anatomy seknl 断面解剖学anatomical science ,ntmik sains 解剖科学applied anatomy plaid 应用解剖学histology histldi 组织学embryology ,embrildi 胚胎学anthropology ,nrpld
2、i 人类学dissection,dissect disekn disekt 解剖,解剖标本organ :gn 器官, 脏器tissue tisju: 组织*anatomical position (posture) pzin pst 解剖学姿势*superior sju:piri 上*inferior infiri 下*cranial kreinjl 颅侧*caudal k:dl 尾侧*anterior ntiri 前*posterior pstiri 后*ventral(dorsal) ventrl d:sl 腹(背)侧*medial(lateral) mi:djl ltrl 内(外)侧*i
3、nternal int:nl 内*external ekst:nl 外*superficial sju:pfil 浅*profoundprfund 深*proximal(distal) prksiml distl 近(远)侧*ulnar(radial) ln reidjl 尺(桡) 侧tibial(fibular) tibil fibjul 胫(桡) 侧head 头face feis 面neck, cervical, jugular(a.) s:vikl dgjul 颈trunk 躯干chest,thorax,thoracic(a.) test :rks :rsik 胸abdomen,abdo
4、minal(a.)bdmen,bdmenbdminl 腹pelvis,pelvic(a.) pelvis pelvik 盆部limbs,extremities limz ikstremitiz 四肢shoulder uld 肩finger,digital(a.) fing dinditl 手指*locomotor system luk,mutm sistim 运动系统osteology ,stildi 骨学 *bone,bony(a.) bun buni 骨skelton,skeletal(a.) skelitn skelitl 骨骼,骨胳*cartilage k:tilid 软骨shaft,
5、diaphysis :ft daifisis 骨干,骨体nutrient foramen nju:trint freimen 滋养孔epiphysis ipifisis 端, 骺 metaphysis mitfisis 干骺端*process pruses, prses 突*spine spain 棘*eminence eminns 隆起*tuberosity ,tju:brsiti 粗隆*tuber tju:b 结节*tubercle tju:b:kl 小结节*crest,ridge krestrid 嵴*fossa fs 窝*fovea fuvi 凹*sulcus (pl.sulci) s
6、lks slsai 沟*impression impren 压迹*cavity kviti 腔*sinus sains 窦*canal,duct,tube knl dkt tju:b 管*meatus mieits 道*aperture ptju 口*foramen freimen 孔*hiatus haieits 裂孔 *condyle kndil 髁compact(spongy)bone kmpkt spnd 骨密(松)质 trabeculae trbekjuli: 骨小梁 periosteum ,peristim 骨(外)膜 peritoneum 腹膜 *pericardium 心包re
7、d (yellow) bone marrow mru 红(黄)骨髓 *vertebra v:tibr 椎骨 *cervical vertebrae 颈椎 *thoracic vertebrae 胸椎*lumbar vertebrae lmb 腰椎*sacral verebrae seikrl 骶椎*sacrum seikrm 骶骨 coccygeal vertebrae kksidl 尾椎*coccyx ksiks 尾骨 *sternum st:nm 胸骨*ribs ribz 肋costal bone kst 肋骨*skull skvl 颅骨*frontal bone frntl 额骨*eth
8、moid bone emid 筛骨*sphenoid bone sfi:nid 蝶骨*temporal bone temprl 颞骨*occipital bone ksipitl 枕骨*parietal bone praiitl 顶骨*mandible mndibl 下颌骨*hyoid bone haiid 舌骨vomer vum 犁骨*maxilla mksil 上颌骨palatine bone pltain 腭骨*nasal bone neizl 鼻骨lacrimal bone lkriml 泪骨inferior nasal concha neizl knk 下鼻甲zygomatic bo
9、ne ,zaigumtik 颧骨*obit :bit 眶*clavicle klvikl 锁骨*scapula skpjul 肩胛骨*humerus hju:mrs 肱骨*radius reidjs 桡骨*ulna ln 尺骨*carpal bones k:pl 腕骨metacarpal bones ,metk:pl 掌骨phalanges of fingers flndi:z 指骨*hip bone 髋骨*ilium ilim 髂骨*ischium iskim 坐骨*pubis pju:bis 耻骨*femur fi:m 股骨*patella ptel 髌骨*tibia tibi 胫骨*fi
10、bula fibjul 腓骨*malleolus mli:ls 踝tarsal bones t:sl 跗骨metatarsal bones ,mett:sl 跖骨phalanges flndi:z 趾骨arthrology :rldi 关节学*joint dint 关节, 连结articulation a:,tikju:lein 连结,关节fibrous joints faibrs 纤维连结syndesmosis ,sindezmusis 韧带连结*ligament(lig.) ligmnt 韧带suture sju:t 缝cartilaginous joints ,ktildins 软骨连结
11、synostosis ,sinstusis 骨性结合*synovial joints sinuvil 滑膜关节articular surface(cavity) : tikjul 关节面(腔)articular capsule kpsju:l 关节囊fibrous membrane lei 纤维膜synovial membrane 滑膜synovial fluid flu:id 滑液articular disc disk 关节盘*flexion flekn 屈*extension ikstenn 伸*adduction dkn 内收*abduction bdkn 外展*rotation rut
12、ein 旋转*medial (lateral) rotation 旋内(外)*pronation prunein 旋前*supination ,sju:pinein 旋后circumduction 环转*intervertebral discs ,intv:tibrl 椎间盘yellow lig. 黄韧带temporomandibular joint ,temprumndibjul 颞下颌关节*shoulder joint uld 肩关节*elbow joint elbu 肘关节*radiocarpal joint,wrist joint ,reidiurist 桡腕关节,腕关节carpome
13、tacarpal joint of thumb ,k:pu,metk:pl 拇指腕掌关节opposition ,pzin 对掌运动pelvis pelvis 骨盆*hip joint 髋关节*knee joint 膝关节patellar ligament ptel 髌韧带medial (lateral) meniscus minisks 内（外）侧半月板*ankle joint kl 距小腿关节 ,踝关节eversion iv:n 外翻inversion inv:n 内翻dorsiflexion ,d:siflekn 背屈plantarflexion plntflekn 跖屈mycology
14、maildi 肌学*muscle(m.) msl 肌skeletal muscle skelitl 骨骼肌cardiac muscle k:dik 心肌smooth muscle smu: 平滑肌muscle belly beli 肌腹*tendon tendn 腱origin ridin 起点,固定点insertion ins:n 止点 ,动点fascia feii,fi 筋膜tendinous sheath tendins i: 腱鞘*trapezius m. trpi:zis 斜方肌latissimus dorsi ltisims 背阔肌*erector spinae irekt 竖脊肌
15、*sternocleidomastoid m. ,st:nu,klaidmstid 胸锁乳突肌*diaphragm daifrm 膈rectus abdominis rekts bdminlis 腹直肌obliquus externus (internus) abdominis 腹外(内)斜肌transverse abdomenis 腹横肌masticatory m. mstikeitri 咀嚼肌*masseter msi:t 咬肌temporalis tempreilis 颞肌medial (lateral) pterygoid m. terigid 翼内(外)肌*deltoid m. de
16、ltid 三角肌*biceps(triceps) brachii baiseps breikjl 肱二(三)头肌round pronator m. pruneit 旋前圆肌opponens pollicis punenz plisi:z 拇对掌肌*gluteus maximus (medius,minimus) glu:ts mksmes臀大(中, 小)肌piriformis pirif:mis 梨状肌*quadriceps femoris kdriseps 股四头肌biceps femoris 股二头肌triceps surae 小腿三头肌*gastrocnemius ,gstrkni:mi
17、s 腓肠肌splanchnology splknldi 内脏学viscera visr 内脏*digestive system didestiv 消化系统*oral cavity :rl 口腔tooth(pl.teeth) tu: ti: 牙tongue t 舌*parotid gland prtid 腮腺*pharynx friks 咽*esophagus isfgs 食管*stomach stmk 胃small intestine intestin 小肠*duodenum ,djuudi:nm 十二指肠*jejunum didu:nm 空肠*ileum ilim 回肠large intes
18、tine 大肠*c(a)ecum si:km 盲肠*vermiform appendix v:mif:m pendiks 阑尾*colon kuln 结肠*rectum rektm 直肠*liver liv 肝*gallbladder glbld 胆囊*pancreas pkris 胰*respiratory system rispairtri 呼吸系统nose nuz 鼻paranasal sinuses ,prneizl 鼻旁窦，副鼻窦*larynx lriks 喉vocal fold vukl fuld 声襞，声带*trachea trki: 气管*bronchus(pl.bronchi
19、) brks brkai 支气管*lung l 肺pleural cavity purl 胸（胸膜）腔*pleura plur 胸膜costodiaphragmatic recess ,kstu,daifrggmtik 肋膈隐窝mediastinum ,mi:distainm 纵隔*urinary system jurinri 泌尿系统*kidney kidni 肾renal hilus (sinus,pedicle) ,ri:nl 肾门（窦，蒂）*ureter juri:t 输尿管*urinary bladder bld 膀胱*urethra juri:r 尿道*genital system
20、 denitl 生殖系统*testis testis 睾丸epididymis ,epididimis 附睾*deferent duct defrnt 输精管ejaculatory duct ijkjultri 射精管seminal vesicle seminl vesikl 精囊，精囊腺*prostate prsteit 前列腺penis pi:nis 阴茎scrotum skrutm 阴囊*ovary uvri 卵巢*uterine tube ju:train 输卵管*uterus ,ju:trs 子宫vagina vdain 阴道mamma(pl.mammae),breast mm mm
21、i: bri:st 乳房*mammary gland mmri 乳腺peritoneum ,perituni;m 腹膜abdominal cavity 腹腔peritoneal cavity ,perituni:l 腹膜腔angiology ,ndildi 脉管学vessel vesl 脉管angiological system ,ndldikl 脉管系统circulatory system s:kju:leitri 循环系统cardiovascular system k:diuvskjul 心血管系统*heart h:t 心*artery(a.) :tri 动脉*vein(v.) vein
22、静脉capillary kpilri 毛细血管systemic (greater) circulation ,s:kjulein 体循环，大循环pulmonary (lesser) circulation 肺循环，小循环collateral vessel kltrl 侧副管（支）*cardiac ventricle k:dik ,ventrikl 心室*cardiac atrium :trim eitrim 心房*endocardium ,enduk:dim 心内膜*myocardium maiuk:dim 心肌层*epicardium ,epik:dim 心外膜sinoatrial node
23、 ,sainueitril nud 窦房结internodal tract ,intnudl 结间束atrioventricular node ,eitriuventrikjul 房室结atrioventricular bundle bndl 房室束left (right) bundle branch 束支*left (right) coronary a. krnri 左（右）冠状动脉coronary sinus 冠状窦*pericardium ,perik:dim 心包fibrous pericardium 纤维心包serous pericardium sirs 浆膜心包*left (rig
24、ht) pulmonary a. 左（右）肺动脉arterial duct(lig.) 动脉导管（韧带）*aorta ei:tik 主动脉*brachiocephalic trunk ,brkiuseflik 头臂干*common carotid a. krtid 颈总动脉carotid sinus(glomus) 颈动脉窦（小球）external (internal) carotid a. 颈外(内)动脉superior thyroid a. 甲状腺上动脉*subclavicular a. ,sbklvikjul 锁骨下动脉vertebral a. 椎动脉*axillary a. ksilr
25、i 腋动脉*brachial a. breikjl 肱动脉*radial a. 桡动脉*ulnar a. 尺动脉superficial palmar arch plm 掌浅弓deep palmar arch 掌深弓*renal a. ri:nl 肾动脉*c(o)eliac trunk si:lik 腹腔干，腹腔动脉common hepatic a. hiptik 肝总动脉*superior mesenteric a. ,mesnterik 肠系膜上动脉appendicular a. ,pndikjul 阑尾动脉*inferior mesenteric a. 肠系膜下动脉common iliac
26、 a. ilik 髂总动脉internal iliac a. 髂内动脉obturator a btju,reit 闭孔动脉superior (inferior) gluteal a. ,glu:til 臀上（下）动脉uterine a. jutrain 子宫动脉external iliac a. 髂外动脉*femoral a. femrl 股动脉*popliteal a. pplitil 腘动脉anterior(posterior) tibial a. 胫前（后）动脉venous valve vi:ns vlv 静脉瓣pulmonary v. 肺静脉*superior vena cava vi
27、:n keiv 上腔静脉brachiocephalic v. ,br 不 kiusflik 头臂静脉*internal (external) jugular v. dgjul 颈内( 外)静脉venous angle 静脉角*cephalic v. seflik 头静脉*basilic v. bsilik 贵要静脉*median cubital v. kju:bitl 肘正中静脉*azygos v. zigs 奇静脉*inferior vena cava 下腔静脉*great (small) saphenous v. sfi:ns 大(小)隐静脉hepatic v. 肝静脉*hepatic p
28、ortal v. p:tl 肝门静脉*lymphatic system limftik 淋巴系统*lymphlimf 淋巴lymphatic capillary 毛细淋巴管lymhatic vessel 淋巴管lymphatic trunks 淋巴干right lymphatic duct 右淋巴导管*thoracic duct 胸导管*cisterna chyli sistn kaili 乳糜池*lymph node nld 淋巴结submandibular lymph nodes 下颌下淋巴结supraclavicular lymph nodes ,sju:prklvikjul 锁骨上淋巴
29、结axillary lymph nodes 腋淋巴结*inguinal lymph nodes igwinl 腹股沟淋巴结*spleen spli:n 脾*thymus aims 胸腺*sensory organs sensri 感觉器receptor risept 感受器*visual organ vizjul 视器*eyeball aib:l 眼球*sclera sklir 巩膜*cornea k:ni 角膜*choroid k:rid 脉络膜ciliary body siliri 睫状体*iris airis 虹膜pupil pju:pil 瞳孔*retina retin 视网膜opti
30、c disc ptik 视神经盘macula lutea mkjul 黄斑fovea centralis fuvi 中央凹aqueous humour eikwis hju:m 房水*lens lenz 晶状体*vitreous body vitris 玻璃体conjunctiva ,kndktaiv 结膜ophthalmic a. flmik 眼动脉*vestibulocochlear organ ves,tibjulukkli 前庭蜗器*ear i 耳external ear 外耳middle ear 中耳*tympanic cavity timpnik 鼓室*tympanic membr
31、ane 鼓膜auditory tube 咽鼓管internal ear 内耳bony labyrinth lbrin 骨迷路*bony semicircular canals 骨半规管*cochlea kkli 耳蜗 cochlea trachea 气管 trochlea 滑车*vestibule vestibju:l 前庭membranous labyrinth 膜迷路membranous semicircular ducts ,semis:kjul 膜半规管olfactory organ lfktri 嗅器taste bud teist bd 味蕾skin skin 皮肤*nervous
32、system 神经系统*central nervous system, CNS 中枢神经系统peripheral nervous system, PNS prifrl 周围神经系统*autonomic nervous system ,:tunmik 自主神经系统visceral nervous system visrl 内脏神经系统vegetative nervous system vedittiv 植物神经系统*neuron njurn 神经元nerve cell n:v sel 神经细胞soma,cell body sum 胞体dendrite dendrait 树突axon ksn 轴突
33、synapse sinps 突触nerve fiber faib 神经纤维glia gli 神经胶质*gray matter grei mt 灰质*nucleus nju:klis 神经核*cortex k:teks 皮质*ganglion gglin 神经节*white matter 白质*medulla medl 髓质fasciculus fsikjuls 纤维束*nerve n:v 神经*reticular formation ritikjul f:mein 网状结构effector ifekt 效应器reflex arc ri:fleks :k 反射弧*afferent frnt 传入
34、*efferent efrnt 传出*spinal n. spainl 脊神经anterior root 前根posterior root 后根cervical n. 颈神经cervical plexus plekss 颈丛*phrenic n. frenik 膈神经brachial plexus breikjl 臂丛axillary n. ksilri 腋神经*musculocutaneous n. mskjulukjuteinis 肌皮神经*median n. mi:djn 正中神经*ulnar(radial)n. 尺( 桡)神经thoracic n. 胸神经intercostal n.
35、,intkstl 肋间神经subcostal n. sbkstl 肋下神经lumbar n. lmb 腰神经lumbar plexus 腰丛lumbosacral trunk ,lmbuseikrl 腰骶干*femoral n. femrl 股神经obturator n. btju,reit 闭孔神经sacral n. seikrl 骶神经sacral plexus 骶丛*sciatic n. saitik 坐骨神经common peroneal n. ,pernil 腓总神经tibial n. tibil 胫神经*pudendal n. pjudendl 阴部神经coccygeal n. k
36、ksidil 尾神经*cranial n. kreinil 脑神经*olfactory n. ,lfktri 嗅神经()*optic n. ptik视神经()*oculomotor n. ,kjulumut 动眼神经()ciliary ganglion siliri 睫状神经节*trochlear n. trkli 滑车神经 ()*trigeminal n. traideminl 三叉神经()trigeminal ganglion 三叉神经节ophthalmic n. flmik 眼神经maxillary n. mksilri 上颌神经mandibular n. mndibjul 下颌神经su
37、bmandibular ganglion ,sbmndibjul 下颌下神经节*abducent n. bdju:snt 展神经()*facial n. fail 面神经()*chorda tympani k:d timpnai 鼓索pterygopalatine ganglion ,terigupltaiin 翼腭神经节otic ganglion utik 耳神经节*vestibulocochlear ves,tibjulukkli 前庭蜗神经()*glossopharyngeal n. ,glsu,frindi:l 舌咽神经 ()*vagus n. veigs 迷走神经()*accesso
38、ry n. ksesri 副神经()*hypoglossal n. haipuglsl 舌下神经()preganglionic neuron ,pri:gglinik 节前神经元postganglionic neuron ,pustgglinik 节后神经元preganglionic neurofibers ,njurufaibz 节前神经纤维 postganglionic neurofibers 节后神经纤维*sympathetic n. ,simpetik 交感神经sympathetic ganglion 交感神经节*sympathetic trunk 交感干white (gray) co
39、mmunicating branch 白(灰)交通支cardiac (pulmonary,esophageal) plexus k:dik 心(肺,食管)丛greater splanchnic n. ,splknik 内脏大神经c(o)eliac plexus si:lik 腹腔丛c(o)eliac ganglion 腹腔神经节*parasympathetic n. ,pr,simpetik 副交感神经parasympathetic ganglion 副交感神经节*spinal cord spainl k:d 脊髓*conus medullaris kuns medju:leiris 脊髓圆锥
40、central canal 中央管anterior(posterior,lateral) horn 前(后,侧) 角intermediate zone intmi:djt zun 中间带intermediolateral nucleus 中间外侧核intermediomedial nucleus 中间内侧核substantia gelatinosa sbstni deltinus 胶状质anterior (posterior) funiculus fju:nikuls 前(后)索lateral funiculus 外侧索fasciculus gracilis grcilis 薄束fascicu
41、lus cuneatus ku:niits 楔束*spinothalamic tract ,spainulmik 脊髓丘脑束*corticospinal tract ,k:tiuspainl 皮质脊髓束*encephalon,brain ensefln brein 脑*brain stem stem 脑干*medulla oblongata ,blgeit 延髓*pyramid pirmid 锥体decussation of pyramid deksein 锥体交叉olive liv 橄揽gracile tubercle grsail 薄束结节cuneate tubercle kju:niit
42、 楔束结节*pons pnz 脑桥fourth ventricle 第四脑室rhomboid fossa rmbid 菱形窝locus ceruleus luks siru:ljs 蓝斑*mesencephalon, midbrain ,mesensefln,midbrein 中脑superior(inferior) colliculus klikjuls 上(下)丘crus cerebri krs 大脑脚oculomotor nucleus ,kjulumut 动眼神经核accessory oculomotor nucleus 动眼神经副核,E-W 核ambiguous nucleus mbigjus 疑核superior (inferior) salivatory nucleus slivtri 上( 下)涎核gracile nucleus grsail 薄束核cuneate nucleus kju:niit 楔束核trapezoid body trpizid 斜方体red nucleus 红核*substantia nigra sbstni naigr 黑质*medial lemniscus lemnisks 内侧丘系l
