1、Unit 6 The Diary of the Unknown SoldierText comprehensionI. B. II. 1. T; 2. F; 3. F; 4. T; 5. F.III.1. because he felt that all of them had been somewhat fooled. They were totally unprepared for the cruelty of the war and the immensity of its killing power. “They all came here with an air of confide
2、nce and eagerness, ready to win,” but what awaited them was “a one-way ticket to death.”2. He wrote his first entry when his regiment was in London to protect the city from Nazis air raids; his second one when his group of soldiers had journeyed to a small European town untouched by warfare; and the
3、 last one when their secret location was discovered by Nazi troops and he faced approaching death.3. It was his wish to come home alive to see his family. This is mentioned in all the three entries: “I must go on living this nightmare, if not for myself or my country, then for my family back home. I
4、 want my children to have a father.” “ wondering yet again if I would ever see my family.9 I would give anything to see them, even if it was for five minutes!” “I wish, with all my soul, that I could be home now I am thinking of my daughters faces I will always remember their faces”4. He would tell
5、them that those soldiers died bravely in an effort to save their countries from turmoil and make the children feel that their fathers made a difference.5. He felt disgusted at the cruelty of the war, questioned the judgment of human beings who started the war and felt enraged at killing innocent liv
6、es and destroying whole countries.IV.1. Although my stories about their fathers death might not relieve their sadness, they will enable the children to see the extraordinary significance of their fathers contribution.2. I suddenly recalled a saying I once heard that made me very painful, “We cant af
7、ford to fight even one war.”Structural analysis of the textDiary writing follows the flow of the writers thoughts. It is usually “structured” by the authors free associations.1. What do the three entries of the diary have in common?Two thematic topics in common, the horrible scenes of the war and th
8、e writers strong love for, and emotional attachment to his family.2. How are the particular situations related to the common thematic topics?Firstly, the writer describes his thought and fear under German air raids, which led him to speculate about the difficulties and problems of his family.Secondl
9、y, the writer describes his reflections on the justification of wars. The sight of a teenage girl and the grim condition in a small European town made him recall his dear daughters and family.Thirdly, it was dated on Christmas Eve and about the approaching death. The writers only wish was that someo
10、ne could return the diary to his family.Section Four Consolidation ActivitiesPart One. VocabularyI. Phrase 1. no more than = only 只是，仅仅2. strike a painful note in my head = make me feel painful 使某人感到痛苦3. more blood has been shed = Further casualties have been caused4. word has it that = it is said t
11、hat 据说5. with an air of = appearing full of, radiating 带着的样子，带着的神情II.1. running; 2. tucked; 3. inspected; 4. taken precautions; 5. with an air of; 6. adventurous; 7. enraged; 8. panicked.III. Word derivation. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. The collar of his jacke
12、t had been stiffened (stiff) with an extra layer of cloth.2. An interpreters job is such a responsible one that he cant afford any errors (err).3. Opening my letter was an inexcusable invasion (invade) of privacy.4. Dont rely on the information she gave you its pure assumption (assume) on her part.5
13、. He protested his innocence (innocent) loudly as they dragged him off to prison.6. This is a really tough assignment (assign) and I believe youre the only person who can handle it.7. The force of the explosion (explode) had broken all the windows of the houses in the vicinity of the vehicle.8. The
14、police have issued a description (describe) of the two men who were seen running away from the scene of the crime.1. stiff a. 僵直的；生硬的，拘谨的stiffen v. 使坚硬stiffness n. 僵硬；硬度e.g. 他因为害怕而身体发僵。His body stiffened in fear.2. err v. 犯错，做错error n. 错误，误差；过失e.g. 她错在对他撒谎。She erred in lying to him.3. invade v. 侵略；侵
15、害invader n. 侵略者invasion n. 侵入，侵略e.g. 这个城市涌进了大量的农民。The town was invaded by farmers.入侵者把村镇变为废墟。The invaders laid towns and villages in ruins.4. assume v. 假定，设想；承担；认为assuming conj. 假定，假如assumption n. 假定，设想e.g. 我以为你能讲流利的英语。I assumed you could speak English fluently.假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？Assuming that it is tr
16、ue, what should we do now?5. innocent a. 清白的，无辜的；天真的，无知的innocence n. 无罪；无知，天真无邪innocently ad. 无罪地；纯洁地e.g. 他声称自己是无罪的。He declared that he was innocent.他声称自己无罪。He declared his innocence.6. assign v. 分配，指派，指定assignation n. 分配，指定；委托，转让assignment n. 分配；作业，任务e.g. 所有的职工都分到了合适的工作。All the staff are assigned t
17、o suitable jobs.你不能在两小时内将功课做完。You cant finish the assignment in two hours.7. explode v. 爆炸explosion n. 爆炸；爆发，激增explosive a. 爆炸（性）的e.g. 炸弹选在人最多时爆炸。 The bomb was timed to explode during the rush-hour.某些气体十分易爆。Certain gasses are highly explosive.8. describe n. 描述description n. 描写，描述descriptive a. 描述的，叙
18、述的e.g. 老师问学生：“你能描述一下这幅画吗？”The teacher asks his student, “Can you describe this picture?”那女孩对这幅画作了一番生动的描述。The girl gave a vivid description of the picture.IV.1. B; 2. D; 3. C; 4. D; 5. C; 6. B; 7. C; 8. A.V. Synonym / Antonym. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in th
19、e sense it is used.1. My heart aches every moment because everywhere I look I see piles of rubble where houses used to stand and lifeless bodies that once moved around with the joy of life inside them.Synonym: heaps, stacks2. It is as if I have stared into deaths eyes and seen its hatred, its coldne
20、ss.Antonym: love, kindness3. I suffered minor head injuries, but the rest of my platoon wasnt so fortunate.Synonym: small, lesser4. They are experiencing tough times too, with the food shortage problems and all.Antonym: surplus, abundance, plenty5. War just creates more problems; something every sen
21、sible person knows.Synonym: reasonable, rational6. My situation is grim and the odds of winning, or even surviving, seem unlikely.Synonym: terrible, desperate7. I would give anything to see them, even if it was for five minutes! I am not a man made for war, nor am I an adventurous person.Synonym: bo
22、ld, brave8. One night, as I performed my routine watch, I passed a young girl of no more than twelve or thirteen, who was walking home.Synonym: regular, usualVI. Prefix/ suffix. Write in each space the meaning of each given word.1. offset balance 2. outdo defeat 3. overtake catch up and pass 4. unde
23、rline emphasize 5. uphold support 6. withstand bear 7. downplay lessen 8. forestall prevent 1. Explanation:off-: not on, away frome.g. offload, offcut, offshoot2. Explanation:out-: greater, better, etc.e.g. outgrow, outlive, outflow3. Explanation:over-: more than usual, too muche.g. overcook, overdo
24、, overdraw, overeat4. Explanation:under-: belowe.g. undercharge, undercut, undergo, underlie5. Explanation:up-: upwardse.g. upsurge, upstart, upturn, upswing6. Explanation:with-: in opposition to, againste.g. withdraw, withhold, within7. Explanation:down-: lower, smaller, etc.e.g. downfall, downsize
25、, download, downshift, downturn8. Explanation:fore-: before, in advancee.g. forecast, foretell, foretaste, foreseeII Grammar Exercises1. QuestionsIn terms of syntactic structure and communicative function, questions (also interrogative sentences) fall into four major types: general question (yes-no
26、question), special question, alternative question and tag question.Special questions, also known as wh-questions, are generally introduced by wh-words such as what, when, where, which, who, whom, whose, why, etc. The wh-word marks the focus of information to be asked about.Special questions may be i
27、n normal order or in inverted order. When the wh-word functions as subject or part of the subject, the question is in normal order. If, on the other hand, the wh-word is not used as subject, the question is in inverted order.My name is Lynne.What is your name? (object)The party is on Tuesday.When is
28、 the party? (time)Im from England. Where are you from? (place, location)The red car is mine.Which is your car? (one of many)Im Lynne.Who are you? (people)Its mine. Whose is this web site? (possession)I did it because I was angry!Why did you do it? (reason)I like it very much.How do you like it? (way
29、 something is done)e.g.I. How big / Who / What / How often / Why / What.II.1. what did you do on Friday?2. What time did you get up?3. Did you have breakfast?4. Whos Mary?5. Where did you first meet her?6. What does she do?7. Where does she live?8. Whats she like?9. Do you often see her?10. Why did
30、she come to you on Friday morning?2. Object clauseObject clause is mostly used in reported speech after certain verbs to report peoples words, thoughts, questions and statements.When reporting a statement, if the sentence starts in the present, there is no backshift of tenses in reported speech; if
31、the sentence starts in the past, there is often backshift of tenses in reported speech and if the sentence contains an expression of time, it must be changed as well.e.g. Susan: “I work in an office.” Susan says that she works in an office.Susan: “I work in an office now.” Susan said that she worked
32、 in an office then.When reporting a yes-no question, either if or whether is used to introduce the clause; when reporting a wh-question, the same wh-word is used to introduce the clause. Note that the usual word order when reporting a question is the one that is used in a statement (the subject-verb
33、 order). And if the sentence starts in the past, dont forget the backshift of tenses and the change of the expression of time.e.g. Liz wanted to know whether / if we had any photos of our holiday. We didnt know why the shop was shut down. (not why was the shop shut down)III.1. she has gone2. when sh
34、e will be back3. if she went out aloneIV.1. a. It signals that rain is expected by the speaker.b. It suggests that the speaker does not expect it to rain.2. a. It is more emphatic.b. It is more formal. The speaker is probably losing patience with the listener.3. a. It is used to express doubt or unc
35、ertainty.b. It is used to seek confirmation from the listener and the speaker expects agreement.4. a. The speaker expects that the listener has carried out the action.b. The speaker may be displeased or annoyed that the action was performed.5. a is more polite than b.6. a is quite friendly while b c
36、onveys a bit irritation.7. a. With a rising tone, the tag question is used to verify or check information that we think is true or to check info4rmation that we arent sure is true.b. When we are trying to be sarcastic, or to make a strong point, we use the tag question with a falling tone.8. a. The
37、non-polarized tag question is used for special effect, such as sarcasm, disbelief, shock, anger, concern, etc.b. The polarized tag question is used to verify or check information.V. they had their their. He had were were were diminished, was existed might be . They felt were offered .VI.1. if not2.
38、a matter of timePart Three. Translation exercisesI.1. 我所到之处满目疮痍，楼房夷为瓦砾，活人成了死尸，生命的欢乐已然封存在一具具尸体之内，这一切时时刻刻都在刺痛着我的心。2. 当然，我也和他们一样，但是自上一个进攻日以后，我的想法改变了。当时我们团的任务是保卫伦敦。3. 倘若我能回国，我发誓一定要让这些战士英名长存，我要告诉他们的家人；他们为了保卫祖国，使之免遭劫难，英勇地献出了自己的生命。4. 虽说人非圣贤，都有过错，但是滥杀无辜，毁人国土，实在是天理难容！II.1. Our group was assigned to decorate
39、the garden while the others were preparing the food in the kitchen.2. 那位年轻人在战场上意外地遇到失散已久的兄弟，惊喜不已。 （out of the blue）Translation:On the battlefield the young man was delighted to meet a long-lost brother who came out of the blue.3. Who has used up the milk? There is none to put in my coffee.4. Rumor h
40、as it that this painting is fake and that the original one was stolen three years ago.5. 你单枪匹马也许不能改变什么，但是我们大家一起努力，我们国家的面貌就会大不相同。 （make a difference）Translation:One person may not be able to change much, but working together well be able to make great difference to our country.6. Many burglaries took
41、 place because the owner failed to take the precaution of locking their doors and windows.7. 为了避免爆发内战，这位部长飞到前线，和暴乱分子谈判。 （in an effort to）Translation:The minister flew to the front to negotiate with the rioters in an effort to prevent a civil war.8. 我看到你们在晚会上谈话，所以以为你们互相认识。 （assume）Translation:I assum
42、ed you knew each other because I saw you talking with each other at the party.IV Exercises for integrated skills1. DictationMy Berlin diary for December 2 / was limited to four words. / “Only three more days!” / The Foreign Office was still holding up / my passport and exit visa, / which worried me.
43、 / I had to get my passport and official permission / to leave on December 5. /There was one other thing to do. / For weeks I had thought over / how to get my diaries safely out of Berlin. / At some moments / I had thought / I ought to destroy them before leaving. / There was enough in them / to get
44、 me hanged. /The morning I got my passport and exit visa / I realized I had less than twenty-four hours / to figure out a way / of getting my Berlin diaries out. / I again thought of destroying them, / but I wanted very much to keep them, if I could. / Suddenly, later that morning, / the solution be
45、came clear. / It was risky, / but it was worth a try. /2. ClozeThe plane did not frighten Kaz. For (1) one thing, Hiroshima had gone almost untouched by the air war. For another, Kaz had been born in California, and although her father had returned to Japan while she was still (2) in diapers, she li
46、ked to tell people she was the American in the family. She even felt a kind of distant kinship (3) with the B-29s that flew regularly overhead, bound north (4) for Tokyo and other targets. She waved at the plane. “Hi, angel!” she called.A white spot appeared in the sky, as small and innocent-looking
47、 (5) as a scrap of paper. It was falling away (6) from the plane, drifting down toward them. The journey took 43 seconds.The air exploded in blinding light and color, the rays shooting outward as in a childs drawing of the sun, and Kaz was thrown to the ground so violently (7) that her two front tee
48、th broke off; she had sunk (8) into unconsciousness. Kazs father had been out back tending the vegetables, in his undershorts. When he came staggering out of the garden, blood was running from his nose and mouth. (9) By the next day, the exposed parts of his body would turn a chocolate brown. What h
49、ad been the finest house (10) in the neighborhood came crashing down.VI Writing PracticeParagraph development Cause and effectCause and effect is a natural strategy to develop a paragraph. For much of the time that we spend thinking and trying to understand the world around us, we are exploring for certain causal relationships between things (events, conditions, situations etc.) present, past, and future. Correspondingly, such
