1、引言一清明上河图介绍二清明上河图的变化结论参考文献图版目录图版致谢摘要中国十大传世名画之一。北宋风俗画作品，宽 24.8 厘米 (24.8 公分)，长 528.7 厘米(528 公分)，绢本设色，是北宋画家张择端存世的仅见的一幅精品，属一级国宝。清明上河图生动地记录了中国十二世纪城市生活的面貌，这在我国乃至世界绘画史上都是独一无二的。作品以长卷形式，采用散点透视的构图法，将繁杂的景物纳入统一而富于变化的画卷中，画中主要分开两部分，一部份是农村，另一部份是市集。画中有 814 人，牲畜 83 匹，船只 29 艘，房屋楼宇 30 多栋，车 13 辆，轿 8 顶，桥 17 座，树木约 180 棵，往
2、来衣着不同，神情各异，栩栩如生，其间还穿插各种活动，注重情节，构图疏密有致，富有节奏感和韵律的变化，笔墨章法都很巧妙，颇见功底。这幅画描绘的是汴京清明时节的繁荣景象，是汴京当年繁荣的见证，也是北宋城市经济情况的写照。通过这幅画，我们了解了北宋的城市面貌和当时各阶层人民的生活。总之，清明上河图具有极高的史料研究价值 /收藏价值/艺术研究价值。一清明上河图二清明上河图图解鲁迅美术学院毕业论文任务书学生姓名 刘神 系 别 美术史论 专 业 美术学年 级 2009 级 毕业论文的起止时间 2009、122010、1论文题目 清明上河图的中国毕业论文主要研究内容探究不同的时代背景对清明上河图的内容、表现
3、手法和艺术成就的作用及清明上河图对中国文化中的民间艺术的影响。本课题的目的、意义和国内外研究概况通过对清明上河图的研究了解，时代背景对艺术的影响，同时了解宋代民间生活的概况，及清明上河图 和民间艺术之间的相互影响。完成论文的条件、方法、措施以及可能存在的问题通过看书、上网、查阅图片了解清明上河图。可能资料不够充足、论证不充分、缺乏细节、空洞，研究过程中论证前后缺乏联系，不 够条理。指导教师意见及建议指导教师签名： 系主任签名： （系章）年 月 日ALONG THE RIVER DURING CHING MING FESTIVAL known in Chinese as 清明上河图was the
4、 work of Song Dynasty artist, Zhang Zeduan. The painting captures the daily life of people from the Song period at thecapital, Pien Jing (todays Kaifeng). The theme celebrates Ching Ming Festival (Qingming Festival). The entire piece was painted in handscroll format and the content reveals the lifes
5、tyle of all stratum of the society (from rich to poor) as well as different economic activities in rural areas and the city. It offers glimpse of the custumes and architecture during the period. As an artistic creation, the piece has been well revered and over the centuries, court artists of subsequ
6、ent dynasties have reproduced several versions.Along the River During the Ching-ming Festival Court painters, Ching Dynasty (1644-1911)Handscroll, ink and colors on silk, 35.6 x 1152.8 cm The original upon which this work is based, by Chang Tse-tuan (active early 12th century), is a masterful unfold
7、ing of Sung dynasty life and customs at the capital of Pien (Kai-feng) in a long handscroll format. This theme, popular in the Northern Sung (960-1126), has been copied often throughout the ages. There are seven versions alone in the National Palace Museum, and this one by court painters of the impe
8、rial painting academy under the Chien-lung Emperor (reigned 1736-1795) is one of the most famous. Each version reflects not only the painting style but also life and appearances of the period it was made. This version represents a collaboration by five court painters (Chen Mei, Sun Hu, Chih Kun, Tai
9、 Hung, and Chen Chih-tao) and was finished in 1736. It can be said to be a copy that combines the style and features of previous versions along with unique customs of the Ming and Ching, such as the forms of entertainment popular at the time. The lively activities include a theatrical performance, m
10、onkey show, acrobatics, and a martial arts ring to lend a festive air to the scenery. Brilliantly colored and characterized by sure, fine brushwork, this represents a fine example of Ching court painting. Although this handscroll has lost much of the archaic feel of the Sung dynasty version, it is a
11、 valuable source of information for late Ming and early Ching life and customs. The style also reflects the influence of Western painting techniques, popular at the court then. The buildings and streets, for example, were rendered with Western-style perspective, and even some Western-influenced arch
12、itecture appears. The bridge and buildings are depicted in the ruled-line method (“chieh-hua“), and the figures are also exquisitely detailed.清明上河图以精致的工笔记录了北宋末叶、徽宗时代首都汴京（今开封）郊区和城内汴河两岸的建 筑和民生。该图描绘了清明时节，北宋京城汴梁以及汴河两岸的繁华景象和自然风光。作品以长卷形式，采 用散点透视的构图法，将繁杂的景物纳入统一而富于变化的画面中，画中人物 500 多，衣着不同，神情各异， 其间穿插各种活动，注重戏剧性
13、，构图疏密有致，注重节奏感和韵律的变化，笔墨章法都很巧妙。全图分为 三个段落。 首段，汴京郊野的春光： 在疏林薄雾中，掩映着几家茅舍、草桥、流水、老树、扁舟。两个脚夫赶着五匹驮炭的毛驴，向城市走来。一片柳林，枝头 刚刚泛出嫩绿，使人感到虽是春寒料峭，却已大地回春。路上一顶轿子，内坐一位妇人。轿顶装饰着杨柳杂花，轿后跟随着骑马的、挑担的，从京郊踏青扫墓归来。环境和人物的描写，点出了清明时节的特定时间和风俗，为全画展开了序幕。 中段，繁忙的汴河码头： 汴河是北宋国家漕运枢纽，商业交通要道，从画面上可以看到人烟稠密，粮船云集，人们有在茶馆休息的，有在看相算命的， 有在饭铺进餐的。还有“王家纸马店“
14、，是扫墓卖祭品的，河里船只往来，首尾相接，或纤夫牵拉，或船夫摇橹，有的满载货物， 逆流而上，有的靠岸停泊，正紧张地卸货。横跨汴河上的是一座规模宏大的木质拱桥，它结构精巧，形式优美。宛如飞虹，故名 虹桥。有一只大船正待过桥。船夫们有用竹竿撑的；有用长竿钩住桥梁的；有用麻绳挽住船的；还有几人忙着放下桅杆，以便船 只通过。邻船的人也在指指点点地象在大声吆喝着什么。船里船外都在为此船过桥而忙碌着。桥上的人，也伸头探脑地在为过船 的紧张情景捏了一把汗。这里是名闻遐迩的虹桥码头区，车水马龙，熙熙攘攘，名副其实地是一个水陆交通的会合点。 后段，热闹的市区街道： 以高大的城楼为中心，两边的屋宇鳞次栉比，有茶坊
15、、酒肆、脚店、肉铺、庙宇、公廨等等。商店中有绫罗绸缎、珠宝香料、 香火纸马等的专门经营，此外尚有医药门诊，大车修理、看相算命、修面整容，各行各业，应有尽有，大的商店门首还扎“彩楼欢门” ，悬挂市招旗帜，招揽生意，街市行人，摩肩接踵，川流不息，有做生意的商贾，有看街景的士绅，有骑马的官吏，有叫卖的小贩，有乘座轿子的大家眷属，有身负背篓的行脚人，有问路的外乡游客，有听说书的街巷小儿，有酒楼中狂饮的豪门子弟，有城边行乞的残疾老人，男女老幼，士农工商，三教九流，无所不备。交通运载工具：有轿子、骆驼、牛马车、人力车，有太平车、平头车，形形色色，样样俱全。绘色绘形地展现在人们的眼前。 总计在五米多长的画卷里，共绘了五百五十多个各色人物，牛、马、骡、驴等牲畜五、六十匹，车、桥二十多辆，大小船只二十多艘。房屋、桥梁、城楼等也各有特色，体现了宋代建筑的特征。张择端的清明上河图是一幅描写北宋汴京城一角的现实主义的风俗画，具有很高的历史价值和艺术水平。
