1、Unit 1一种“永不屈服”的态度。西蒙顿说，如果成就巨大者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种坚持不懈地追求成功的动力。 “往往有人认为他们具备一些超常非凡的东西， ”他解释道。 “但研究表明，有些伟人并没有惊人的智力有的只是程度上的差异而已。伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。 ”A “never surrender ”attitude. If great achievers share anything, said Simonton, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. Theres a tendency to think that th
2、ey are endowed with something super-normal, he explained. But what comes out of the research is that there are great people who have no amazing intellectual processes. Its a difference in degree. Greatness is built upon tremendous amounts of study, practice and devotion.他举了二战时期的英国首相温斯顿丘吉尔作为永不放弃敢于冒险的
3、典范。丘吉尔在全国士气最为低落的时候被推上了台，并出色地领导了英国人民。在 “我们 1940 年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中，他的话激励了全国人民，决不会退缩、永不失败。我们一定要坚持到底我们永远不会屈服。He cited Winston Churchill, Britains prime minister during World War 2, as an example of a risk-taker who would never give up. Thrust into office when his countrys morale was at its lowest, Chur
4、chill rose brilliantly to lead the British people. In a speech following the Allied evacuation at Dunkirk in 1940,he inspired the nation when he said, We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall never surrender.Unit 2有些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。我的一个病人在 “我没有早点回来，出院的后几个星期回到医院感谢他的护士。 “我
5、没有更早地回来 ”他解释说， “是因为为我猜想你们对别人的感激一定厌烦得要命。 ”Some persons refrain from expressing their gratitude because they feel it will not be welcome. A patient of mine, a few weeks after his discharge from the hospital, came back to thank his nurse. I didnt come back sooner, he explained, because I imagined you m
6、ust be bored to death with people thanking you.“正好相反”她回答说， “我很高兴你来。很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励，我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了多大的帮助。 ”On the contrary, she replied, I am delighted you came. Few realize how much we need encouragement and how much we are helped by those who give it.我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。因为我们身边的人在构筑他们的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑，我们
7、所表示的感和我们表示欣赏的各种小小的示意动作。Gratitude is something of which none of us can give too much. For on the smiles, the thanks we give, our little gestures of appreciation, our neighbors build up their philosophy of life.Unit 3一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。 “进展越困难，硬汉子越向前”这句话便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度。不管是什么问题，不管可以用来解决问题的方法是什么，我们西方人
8、的思维方式所产生的框架总是搏斗。德博诺医生称之为纵向思维；即那种传统的、按顺序的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维，坚定地从一步移到下一步，就像玩具积木一块搭在另一块之上。当然，它的缺陷是，如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到，或者一块积木没有放对，那么整个结构就会坍塌。事情就会陷入僵局，沮丧、紧张和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头。The normal Western approach to a problem is to fight it. The saying, “when the going gets tough, the tough get going,” is typical of this aggress
9、ive attitude towards problem-solving. No matter what the problem is or the techniques available for solving it, the frame work produce by our Western way of thinking is fight. Dr. de Bono calls this vertical thinking: the traditional, sequential, Aristotelian thinking of logic, moving firmly from on
10、e step to the next, like toy blocks is incorrectly placed, then the whole structure collapses. Impasse is reached, and frustrations, tension, feeling of fight take over.横向思维，德博诺医生说，是对事物进行思考的一种新方法一种完全避免这种拼搏，用一种完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法。在歇洛克福尔摩斯的一个案例中，他的助手华生医生指出某条狗对那起案子并不重要，因为它看上去并没有做任何事。歇洛克福尔摩斯却持相反的观点，他坚持认为狗没
11、有做任何事这一事实至关重要，因为它本应该做些什么，而正是根据这一点他侦破了这起案子。横向思维听上去很简单。它也的确很简单。一旦你根据横向思维解决了某个问题，你就会奇怪你以前怎么竟会为它而心神不宁。关键是做出那个至关重要的重点转移，横跨一步避开问题，而不是正面去解决它。Later thinking, Dr. de Bono says, is a new technique of thinking about thingsa technique that avoids this fight altogether, and solves the problem in an entirely unex
12、pected fashion.Lateral thinking sounds simple. And it is. Once you have solved a problem laterally, you wonder how you could ever have been hung up on it. The key is making that vital shift in emphasis, that sidestepping of the problem, instead of attacking it head-on.在纽约私人开业的哥伦比亚大学的精神病专家 AA布里杰博士阐述了
13、横向思维对他的病人是如何起作用的。 “比方说，很多想戒烟的人来找我， ”他说。“大多数人在他们试图戒烟时都失败了，因为他们最后都是对自己说， 不，我决不吸烟了；不，我不该吸烟了；不，我决不吸了；不，我不能这是场战斗，结果是你最终吸得更多。 ”Dr. A. A. Bridger, psychiatrist at Columbia University and in private practice in New York, explains how lateral thinking works with his patients, “Many people come to me wanting
14、to stop smoking, for instance,” he says. “Most people fail when they are trying to stop smoking because they wind up telling themselves, No，I will not smoke; no, I shall not smoke; no, I will not; no, I cannot .”Its a fight and what happens is you end up smoking more.“所以我不再让他们用这种“不”的老方式来看待这一问题并与之搏斗，
15、而是向他们展示了一个全新的视角你是自己身体的监护人，你是通过自己的身体来体验生活的。 如果你停下来思考一下，你就会发现你的身体的确有一些不能无能为力的东西。它不能为自己做任何事。它毫无选择，就像一个婴儿的身体一样。于是你就开始用一种全新的方式看待它现在我将要通过戒烟来照顾自己，给自己一些尊重和保护。“So instead of looking at the problem from the old way of no, and fighting it, I show them a whole new point of viewthat you are your bodys keeper, an
16、d your body is something though which you experience life. If you stop thinking about it, theres really something helpless about your body. It can do nothing for itself. It has no choice; it is like a babys body. You begin then a whole new way of looking at itI am going to take care of myself, and g
17、ive myself some respect and protection, by no smoking.” Unit 4某个学生的成绩达不到老师的期望是常有的事。当这种情况发生时，那个学生面对的不是失望、愤怒或恼怒。相反，老师认为这是一次例外，一件偶然的事情，倒霉的一天，一次暂时的失误而学生相信了她，并消除了疑虑。下一次，他更加努力了，决心做到老师知道他能做到的事。When a students work did not measure up to the teachers expectations, as often happened, the student was not treat
18、ed with disappointment ,anger ,or annoyance .Instead, the teacher assumed that this was an exception, an accident, a bad day, a momentary slip-and the student believed her and felt reassured. The next time around, he tried harder, determined to live up to what the teacher knew he could do.很难精确地确定老师传
19、达的信息：“我期待着最好的成绩， ”中到底是哪一部分告诉了孩子。它的一部分包括显示信心的平和语调，言语上的耐心，及没有讽刺、贬低和恼怒等消极因素。期待着最好成绩的老师满怀信心地提问，因为她知道她得到的答案将是正确的，而孩子也感受到了那种信心。The exact part of communication that tells a child,“ I expect the best, ”is difficult to pinpoint. In part it consists of a level tone showing assurance, a lack of verbal impatien
20、ce, an absence of negative qualities such as irony, put-downs, and irritation. The teacher who expects the best asks her questions with conviction, knowing the answers she gets will be right, and the child picks up that conviction.Unit 5我经常思考阅读为我打开的那些新的远景。我当时在狱中就知道，阅读已永远改变了我的人生历程。正如我现在所认识到的，阅读能力唤醒了在
21、我内心潜伏已久的对于思想活跃的渴望。我当然不是在追求任何学位，那只是大学授予学生一种地位象征的方式。我通过自学所受到的教育使我每读一本新书就更意识到正在折磨着美国黑色人种的聋、哑和盲。不久前，一位英国作家从伦敦打来电话问了我几个问题。其中一个问题是， “你的母校是哪儿？”我告诉他，“是书。 ”在任何一个空闲的十五分钟里，你都会发现我在学习一些我觉得可能有助于黑人的东西I have often reflected upon the new vistas that reading opened to me. I knew right there in prison that reading had
22、 changed forever the course of my life. As I see it today, the ability to read awoke inside me some long dormant craving to be mentally alive. I certainly wasnt seeking any degree, the way a college confers a status symbol upon its students. My homemade education gave me, with every additional book
23、that I read , a little bit more sensitivity to the deafness that was afflicting the black race in America. Not long ago, an English writer telephoned me from London, asking questions. One was,” Whats your alma matter?” I told him, “Books.” You will never catch me with a free fifteen minutes in which
24、 Im not studying something I feel might be able to help the black man . Unit 6情商不是智商的对立面。一些人有幸两者都拥有很多，一些人则每一样都拥有很少。研究者们一直试图理解的是它们如何互补；比如，一个人对付压力的能力如何影响其集中思想和发挥才智的能力。现在的研究者们大多都同意，在成功的要素中智商约占 20%；其余的则取决于多种因素，从所属的阶级到运气到在人类进化的几百万年中已在大脑中形成的神经途径。EQ is not the opposite of IQ. Some people are blessed with a
25、 lot of both, some with little of either. What researchers have been trying to understand is how they complement each other, how ones ability to handle stress, for instance, affects the ability to concentrate and put intelligence to use. Among the ingredients for success, researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20%, the rest depends on everything from class to luck to the neural pathways that have developed in the brain over millions of years of human evolution.
