1、专题六 情态动词和虚拟语气,高考英语 (江苏省专用),A组 自主命题江苏卷题组 1.(2018江苏,24)Its strange that he have taken the books without the owners permission. A.would B.should C.could D.might,五年高考,答案 B 句意:简直是太奇怪了,他竟然未得到主人的允许就把这些书拿走了。考查情态动 词。“Its strange that.”句型中,that引导的主语从句的谓语部分用(should+)动词原形,所以 答案为B项。,2.(2018江苏,27)There is a good
2、social life in the village, and I wish I a second chance to become more involved. A.had B.will have C.would have had D.have had,答案 A 句意:这个村子里的人们有良好的社交生活,我希望自己还能有机会去更多地参与 其中。考查虚拟语气。wish后面的宾语从句中往往用虚拟语气,此处表达现在的一个愿望,谓 语动词要用过去式,所以答案为A项。,3.(2017江苏,22) not for the support of the teachers, the student could
3、 not overcome her dif- ficulty. A.It were B.Were it C.It was D.Was it,答案 B 句意:没有老师们的支持,这个学生不可能克服她的困难。本题考查虚拟语气。根 据题干中的the student could not overcome可知,语境是对现在事实的虚拟,be动词在虚拟语气 中通常用were。当if虚拟条件句中省略了if时,从句部分应使用倒装结构,故选择B项。,4.(2016江苏,27)If it for his invitation the other day,I should not be here now. A.had
4、not been B.should not be C.were not to be D.should not have been,答案 A 句意:如果不是因为那天他的邀请,我现在是不会在这里的。本题考查虚拟语气。 根据语境可知,本题用了虚拟语气,又根据主句中的now和从句中的the other day可知本句是一 个错综时间条件句,主句和现在的事实相反,从句和过去的事实相反,故从句应用过去完成时 态,故选A。本题题干简短,容易理解。虚拟语气用在if引导的条件状语从句中,判断与什么时 间的事实相反非常关键,因此本题中时间状语the other day是判断的一个重要依据。,5.(2015江苏,2
5、8)It might have saved me some trouble the schedule. A.did I know B.have I known C.do I know D.had I known,答案 D 句意:要是我知道安排的话,可能会省一些事儿。本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意可 知,空格处为省略了if的条件状语从句,had I known the schedule=if I had known the schedule。 该从句表示与过去事实相反,故选D项。省略if的非真实条件句比较容易被学生忽视。本题主 句的虚拟形式might have done是判断从句虚拟形式的重要依据。
6、if虚拟条件句中,主从句的虚 拟形式经常互为“已知条件”。,6.(2014江苏,31)It was sad to me that they,so poor themselves, bring me food. A.might B.would C.should D.could,答案 C 句意:让我难过的是,他们自己那么贫穷,竟然还给我带来食物。本题考查情态动 词。情态动词should在此处表示说话人惊讶的语气,意为“竟然”。故选C项。考生除了在平 时的复习迎考过程中需要掌握情态动词的基本用法,在解题过程中还需要充分理解语境,体会 语气,本题就是一个典型的例子。,B组 统一命题、省(区、市)卷题组
7、 考点一 情态动词 1.(2018北京,12)In todays information age, the loss of data cause serious problems for a company. A.need B.should C.can D.must,答案 C 句意:在当今的信息时代,对于一个公司来说,数据的丢失会造成严重的后果。本题 考查情态动词。根据句意可知,语境要体现的是一种客观的可能性,因此用can符合语境。,2.(2018天津,10)I cant find my purse. I it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not
8、sure. A.should leave B.must have left C.might leave D.could have left,答案 D 句意:我找不到我的钱包了。我可能昨天把它落在超市了,但我不确定。本题考查 情态动词。设空处表示对过去事情的推测,故排除A、C两项;根据题干中的“but Im not sure”可推知答案为D项(could have left)。must have done sth.意为“过去一定做了某事”,与 “Im not sure”意义不一致,故排除B项。,3.(2017北京,21)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class,
9、easily reach the books on the top shelf. A.must B.should C.can D.need,答案 C 句意:塞缪尔是我们班里最高的男孩,他可以轻松地够到书架顶层的书。本题考查 情态动词。can可以,能够;must必须;should应该;need需要。根据语义可知此处应用情态动词 can表示能力。故选C项。,4.(2017天津,2)My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning. A.darent B.shouldnt C.n
10、eednt D.mustnt,答案 C 句意:我的房间很乱,但是在今晚外出之前我不必打扫它,我可以早晨打扫。本题考 查情态动词。darent不敢;shouldnt不应该;neednt不必;mustnt禁止。根据语境可知,我不必 打扫房间,故选C项。,5.(2016北京,31)I love the weekend, because I get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. A.neednt B.mustnt C.wouldnt D.shouldnt,答案 A 句意:我爱周末,因为在周六和周日我不必早起。本题考查情态动词。neednt不必; mustnt禁止
11、;wouldnt不愿意;shouldnt不应该。根据句意选A项。,6.(2016天津,5)It was really annoying;I get access to the data bank you had recommended. A.wouldnt B.couldnt C.shouldnt D.neednt,答案 B 句意:真令人恼火。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。本题考查情态动词。wouldnt不 愿意; couldnt不能够;shouldnt不应该; neednt不必。根据句意可知,进不了数据库令人恼火, 故选B项。,7.(2016浙江,17)George too far. His c
12、offee is still warm. A.must have gone B.might have gone C.cant have gone D.neednt have gone,答案 C 句意:乔治不可能走太远。他的咖啡还是热的。本题考查情态动词。must have done sth.一定做过某事;might have done sth.可能做过某事;cant have done sth.不可能做过某 事;neednt have done sth.本不必做某事。根据句意选C项。,8.(2015北京,29)Cant you stay a little longer? Its getting
13、 late.I really go now.My daughter is home alone. A.may B.can C.must D.dare,答案 C 句意:难道你不能再多逗留一会儿吗?时间不早了。现在我确实得走了。 我的女儿独自一人在家。本题考查情态动词。may可能,可以;can能够,可能;must必须,一定; dare敢。根据语境选C项。,9.(2015天津,7)I have worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to me. A.mightnt B.must
14、nt C.neednt D.couldnt,答案 C 句意:在进入这所新学校之前我本没必要担心,因为这里我的同学对我很友好。本 题考查情态动词。根据语境可知此处表达“过去对某事担心过,但现在看来这种担心没有必 要”,应该用neednt have done,故选C项。,评析 情态动词是一个语法难点,尤其是 “情态动词+have done”的用法。要准确掌握几个 常见的情态动词与完成时连用时所表达的含义:是肯定推测还是否定推测,是可能性还是必要 性,是抱怨批评还是遗憾后悔。,10.(2015福建,27)Sorry,Mum!I failed the job interview again. Oh,i
15、ts too bad.You have made full preparations. A.must B.can C.would D.should,答案 D 句意:对不起,妈妈!这次工作面试我又失败了。噢,太糟了。你本应该做 好充分准备的。本题考查情态动词。must have done过去一定做过;can have done过去可能做 了;would have done用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中;should have done过去本该做但没有 做。根据题意选D项。,11.(2015陕西,21)You feel all the training a waste of time,but Im
16、 a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it. A.should B.need C.shall D.may,答案 D 句意:你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间,但是我百分之百地确信以后你会感到 庆幸你这么做了。本题考查情态动词。may可能,表推测,符合题意,故选D项。,12.(2015重庆,12)You be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years. A.must B.can C.will D.shall,答案 A 句意:你一定是卡萝尔,这么多年过去了你一点也
17、没变。本题考查情态动词。根据 语境可知此处表示对现在情况的肯定推测,应用must,故选A项。,答案 A 句意:我能和你说句话吗?不会花很长时间的。本题考查情态动词。can可以,表请 求允许;must必须,表必要性;shall与第一人称连用,用于一般疑问句中表示建议;should应该,表 义务。根据句意应选A项。,14.(2014四川,6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother take me to Disney- land at weekends. A.might B.must C.would D.should,答案 C 句意:我现
18、在仍然记得我快乐的童年,那时候我妈妈常常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐 园。本题考查情态动词。might 可能;must 必须,一定;would 过去常常;should 应该。根据句意 应选C项。,15.(2014江西,30)Life is unpredictable;even the poorest become the richest. A.shall B.must C.need D.might,答案 D 句意:生活是不可预测的,即使是最贫穷的人也可能成为最富有的人。本题考查情 态动词。shall将会;must一定,表示有把握的推测;need需要;might可能,表示把握不大的推测。 根据句意可知此
19、处表示把握不大的推测。故选D项。,1.(2018天津,15)If we the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. A.had caught B.caught C.have caught D.would catch,考点二 虚拟语气,答案 A 句意:如果昨天我们赶上那趟航班了,我们现在就会在沙滩上享受我们的假期了。 本题考查虚拟语气。if引导的从句表示与过去事实相反的假设,其谓语动词需用“had+过去 分词”形式,故答案为A项。,2.(2018北京,13)They might have fou
20、nd a better hotel if they a few more kilometers. A.drove B.would drive C.were to drive D.had driven,答案 D 句意:如果行驶的路途再远一些,他们或许就会找到一个更好的宾馆了。本题考查 虚拟语气。根据题干中主句的谓语might have found可知语境是对过去的虚拟,因此if引导的 从句中谓语动词形式应为had done,故选择D项。,3.(2017天津,15)Do you have Bettys phone number? Yes. Otherwise, I able to reach he
21、r yesterday. A.hadnt been B.wouldnt have been C.werent D.wouldnt be,答案 B 句意:你有贝蒂的电话号码吗?有。否则,昨天我就不能联系到她了。本题 考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的yesterday可知,此处是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟,设空处应为 would have done的形式,根据语义选择B项。,4.(2017北京,34)If the new safety system to use, the accident would never have happened. A.had been put B.were put C.sho
22、uld be put D.would be put,答案 A 句意:如果新的安全系统被投入使用,这起事故就不会发生了。本题考查虚拟语 气。根据题干中的主句谓语部分would never have happened可知语境是对过去发生的事进行 虚拟,因此if引导的从句谓语部分应为had done形式,故选择A项。,5.(2016北京,34)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you me, I could have helped. A.told B.had told C.were to tell D.would tell,
23、答案 B 句意:你上周为什么不告诉我你遇到的麻烦?如果你告诉我,我可以帮你的。本题考 查虚拟语气。此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,if从句用过去完成时,主句用would/could/ should/might+have done。故选B项。,6.(2016天津,15)I was wearing a seat belt. If I hadnt been wearing one,I . A.were injured B.would be injured C.had been injured D.would have been injured,答案 D 句意:我那时系着安全带呢。如果我没系安全带的
24、话,我就受伤了。本题考查虚拟 语气。此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,if从句用过去完成时,主句用would/could/should/ might+have done。,7.(2016浙江,15)Had the governments and scientists not worked together, AIDS-related deaths since their highest in 2005. A.had not fallen B.would not fall C.did not fall D.would not have fallen,答案 D 句意: 如果政府和科学家不一起工作的
25、话,与艾滋病有关的死亡人数就不会在2005 年达到顶峰后下降了。本题考查虚拟语气。此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,if从句用 过去完成时,主句用would/could/should/might+have done。故选D项。,8.(2015天津,13)I wish I at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then. A.will be B.would be C.have been D.had been,答案 D 句意:我要是上周二能参加我姐姐的婚礼就好了,可是那时我正在纽约出差
26、。本题 考查虚拟语气。此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,故设空处要用过去完成时,故选D项。,9.(2015陕西,23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I as well as her. A.dance B.will dance C.had danced D.danced,答案 D 句意:Ellen是一个非常优秀的舞者,我希望我能跳得像她一样好。本题考查虚拟语 气。wish后面接一般过去时表示对现在的虚拟,故选D项。,10.(2015重庆,7)Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway his famous novel
27、 A Farewell to Arms. A.didnt write B.hadnt written C.wouldnt write D.wouldnt have written,答案 D 句意:如果没有战时经历的话,海明威就不会写出他著名的小说永别了,武器。 本题考查虚拟语气。without构成的介词短语相当于条件状语从句,根据语境可知此处表示与 过去事实相反的虚拟语气,谓语动词要用would have done结构,故选D项。,11.(2014福建,32) no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get
28、 news from around the world. A.Were there B.Had there been C.If there are D.If there have been,答案 A 句意:要是没有现代化的电讯工具,我们要等上几周才能获取世界各地的新闻。本 题考查虚拟语气。根据主句谓语结构would do可知题干表示与现在事实相反的假设,if条件从 句谓语应为“动词的过去式”,即If there were.,排除B、C和D三项。在虚拟条件从句中可以 省略if,把were提到句首,构成倒装句,故选A项。,12.(2014陕西,23)We would rather our daug
29、hter at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer. A.would stay B.has stayed C.stayed D.stay,答案 C 句意:我们希望女儿和我们一起待在家里,但这是她的选择,她不再是个孩子了。本 题考查虚拟语气。would rather.宁愿,希望,其后的从句要用虚拟语气。表示与现在或将来事 实相反的虚拟语气时,从句用一般过去时;表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气时,从句用过去完成 时。如:Id rather I had not gone wrong yesterday.要
30、是我昨天不出错就好了。此处表示与将来 事实相反,故选C项。,13.(2014浙江,16)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investiga- tion,or they to our help. A.would have come B.could come C.have come D.had come,答案 A 句意:我们在做调查的那几个月,他们在国外,否则他们会来给我们帮忙的。本题考 查虚拟语气。由句意可知设空处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故选A项。,评析 本题考查含蓄虚拟语气。本题没有明确的时间状
31、语,但是考生根据前半句的时态可以 判断本题中的假设与过去事实相反,对于这种判断时间的方法考生比较熟悉。本题难度适 中。,C组 教师专用题组 考点一 情态动词 1.(2015四川,2)You be careful with the camera.It costs! A.must B.may C.can D.will,答案 A 句意:你必须小心使用这个相机,它很贵的!本题考查情态动词。must必须;may可能; can能够;will将。根据句意可知选A。,2.(2015浙江,4)It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak. A.couldnt B.sh
32、ouldnt C.mustnt D.neednt,答案 A 句意:这里如此嘈杂以至于我们无法听到自己说话。本题考查情态动词。根据语 境可知此处表达“我们不能听到自己说话”,故选A项。,3.(2014重庆,3)Ive ordered some pizza,so we worry about cooking when we get home tired. A.cant B.dare not C.neednt D.may not,答案 C 句意:我已经订了一些比萨饼,所以当我们到家感到累的时候就不必担心做饭的事 了。本题考查情态动词。cant不能,不可能;dare not不敢;neednt不必;ma
33、y not可能不。根据 句意可知选C项。,4.(2014湖南,25)Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. Do you mean we bring anything with us? A.cant B.mustnt C.shant D.neednt,答案 D 句意:我已经为野餐准备好了各种食物。你的意思是说我们不必带任何 东西了吗?本题考查情态动词。根据上下文可知设空处表示“不必”,故答案为D项。A:不能, 不可能;B:禁止;C:不会。,5.(2014陕西,25)My book,The House of Hades,is missing.
34、Who have taken it? A.need B.must C.should D.could,答案 D 句意:我的书哈迪斯之屋丢了。可能会是谁拿走了呢?考查情态动词的用法。 从语境分析,could在此处表示对过去情况的推测。故选D项。,6.(2014大纲全国,30)Although you find bargains in London,its not generally a cheap place to shop. A.should B.need C.must D.can,答案 D 句意:虽然你在伦敦可能会买到特价商品,但是总的说来那里不是能买到便宜货的 地方。本题考查情态动词。can
35、可以用在肯定句中表示客观存在的可能性,意为“有时候可 能”,故选D项。,1.(2015安徽,32)It is lucky we booked a room,or we nowhere to stay now. A.had B.had had C.would have D.would have had,考点二 虚拟语气,答案 C 句意:很幸运,我们预订了一个房间,要不然我们现在就没有地方可以住了。本题考 查虚拟语气。or前面是真实的情况,or后面表示对现在的虚拟,用would do的形式,故选C项。,2.(2015北京,34)If I it with my own eyes,I wouldnt
36、have believed it. A.didnt see B.werent seeing C.wouldnt see D.hadnt seen,答案 D 句意:如果不是我亲眼看到,我是不会相信的。本题考查虚拟语气。由主句谓语 “wouldnt have believed”可知此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟,故选D项。,3.(2014重庆,13)It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I it? A.had done B.have done C.did D.am doing,答案 A 句意:是John打坏的窗
37、户,你为什么和我说呢?好像是我打坏的一样。本题考查虚拟 语气。第一句已经说明是John打坏的窗户,所以在第二句中as if后面要用过去完成时,表示与 过去事实相反的虚拟,故选A项。,4.(2014天津,15) the morning train,he would not have been late for the meeting. A.Did he catch B.Should he catch C.Has he caught D.Had he caught,答案 D 句意:要是他赶上了早晨的火车,那他就不会开会迟到了。本题考查虚拟语气。根 据句意,此处是与过去事实相反的假设,条件状语从句应
38、该用过去完成时。本题为省略if的虚 拟条件句,应把助动词had提到句首,变为倒装句式。所以答案为D项。,5.(2014安徽,30)People are recycling many things which they away in the past. A.had thrown B.will be throwing C.were throwing D.would have thrown,答案 D 句意:人们现在回收的许多东西要是在以前就会被扔掉了。考查虚拟语气。本句 定语从句部分为含蓄条件句,表示“要是过去的话,这些东西就会被扔掉了”。根据句意可知 此处表示与过去事实相反的假设,故用谓语用wo
39、uld have done形式,故选D。,6.(2014湖南,22)If Mr.Dewey present,he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there. A.were B.had been C.should be D.was,答案 B 句意:如果Dewey先生当时在场的话,他会为那里的人们提供任何可能的帮助。本 题考查虚拟语气。根据题干中的would have offered及上下文逻辑可知设空处与过去事实相 反,故答案为B项(had been)。在虚拟语气中,如果条件状语从句和主句均与过去事实相反,条件
40、状语从句谓语为:had+过去分词,主句谓语为:would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。,A组 20162018年高考模拟基础题组 (时间:8分钟 分值:12分) 1.(2018江苏常州一模,29)Why didnt you move to another city when you finished your further study abroad? I wanted to, but she simply let me go. A.couldnt B.wouldnt C.shouldnt have D.mustnt have,三年模拟,答案 B 句意:既然你完成
41、了在国外的深造,你为什么不搬到其他城市去呢?我也 想,但她实在不愿意让我走。本题考查情态动词。couldnt不能,不可能;shouldnt have done本 不该做;mustnt have done形式错误;wouldnt不愿意,符合题意,故选B项。,2.(2018江苏镇江一模,25) Volunteers and charities, as well as many churches, arrange meals for the homeless and those who otherwise be alone on Christmas Day. A.can B.should C.wou
42、ld D.may,答案 C 句意:志愿者和慈善组织以及许多教堂,为无家可归的人和要不然只能独自过圣诞 节的人安排了伙食。本题考查虚拟语气。在who引导的定语从句中,otherwise(否则,要不然)相 当于if they didnt arrange meals,表示对现在情况的含蓄虚拟,此处的谓语形式应和虚拟条件句 中主句部分的谓语形式相同,应用would do的形式。故选C项。,3.(2018江苏苏锡常镇5月教学情况调研,23) People from across the world gathered in London to hear Big Bens last regular chim
43、e and some of them even cried, as if they a friends funer- al. A.attended B.have attended C.were attending D.would attend,答案 C 句意:来自世界各地的人聚集到伦敦来聆听大本钟的最后一次常规报时,有些人甚 至哭了,好像是在参加一个朋友的葬礼似的。本题考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知,此处应用虚 拟语气,表示与当时的情景相反,应用过去进行时,故选C项。,4.(2018江苏苏锡常镇5月教学情况调研,34)Its so cold here!Why havent you turned o
44、n your air conditioner? Well, it turn on. A.shouldnt B.cant C.wont D.shant,答案 C 句意:这里如此冷!为什么你不开空调呢?嗯,打不开啊。本题考查情态动 词。will/wont可用于叙述在某种情况下是真实或可能的事,符合语境,故选C项。,5.(2017江苏苏锡常镇一模,33)Nowadays people seem to become more and more selfish. How much better life would be if we to the values of the past! A.were t
45、o return B.had returned C.return D.will return,答案 A 句意:如今,人似乎变得越来越自私。如果我们能够重回过去的价值观,生 活该多好啊!本题考查虚拟语气。根据该句主句的关键信息would be可知,应用虚拟语气;再根 据句意可知,此处表示对将来情况的假设,其表达形式有三种:were to do sth./should do sth./did sth.,故选A项。,6.(2017江苏南京、盐城二模,32)He was greatly shocked at Donald Trumps taking office. Never did he expec
46、t that the voters be so unreasonable.A.should B.could C.would D.might,答案 A 句意:他对唐纳德特朗普的上任感到很震惊。他从来没有想到投票人居然会如此 不公正。本题考查情态动词。should 应该,居然;could 可能,能够;would (过去)往往会;might 可 能。根据关键信息shocked和Never did he expect可知,应用should,表示意外或者在说话人看来 是不可思议的情况。故选A项。,7.(2017江苏苏北四市第一次调研,34)So boring and exhausted! Id rath
47、er I hadnt been invited to the party. Oh, no. If so, I a quiet night at home. A.didnt enjoy B.hadnt enjoyed C.couldnt have enjoyed D.couldnt enjoy,答案 C 句意:又累又无聊!我宁愿没被邀请去参加聚会。哦,不要啊。如果这样,我 就不能在家享受一个安静的晚上了。本题考查虚拟语气。根据对话内容可知,由于第一个人 去参加聚会,第二个人享受了一个安静的晚上。If so相当于If you hadnt been invited to the party,表示对过
48、去情况的假设,主句用would/could/should/might have done结构,故选C项。,8.(2017江苏苏锡常镇一模,23)Sherry rang to say she was too busy to come. Well, she say that. She is always making excuses. A.mustnt B.would C.neednt D.should,答案 B 句意:Sherry打电话过来说她很忙不能来了。嗯,她是会说这种话的。她 总是编造借口。本题考查情态动词。would表示某人过去的习惯,根据上句的 rang可以看出来 是在讲发生过的事情。mustnt表示禁止;neednt 不需要,不必;should应该,居然。根据题意选 B项。,9.(2017江苏南通一模,27)Im sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline. With better equipment, I the task on schedule. A.would accomplish B.might have accomplished C.must have accomplished D.could accomplish,
