1、 1国家英语四级考试听力解题技巧应试方法1充分利用考试中可以利用的时间。在放音之前先将试题册上的书面选择项或听写试题的已知内容浏览一遍，以便对试题的大体内容和可能提出的问题有一个初步的印象。应控制好答题时间，利用每题后暂停时间的一部分(约 5 秒钟)，再次逐题预测下道题的书面选择项，使思想进入该题的情况之中，为听音作好准备2进行快读训练我们还可以用四、六级试题的书面选择项进行快读的训练，要求在 13 秒的时间内读完两道题的 8 个选择项。3略听听力考试中反复出现的部分在听到题目序号(如 Question number)，或短文后 directions 时，应立即将视线集中到该题的选择项上，并迅
2、速作好听音准备。4听完每段对话或每篇短文，切不可松气，而要继续聆听提问。5在对话或短文的试题中，如有做不出来的题目，请不要在该题停留过长时间，选一个自己感觉最正确的，然后继续做后面的题目，六、四级英语考试听力三种题型应试技巧一)“对话”部分应试技巧1把握易混读音利用单词的混音为听力对话干扰项设计形式之一，以下为历次四级考试听力对话中出现的易混读音，请大家熟读。paper-newspaper；collectcorrect；bother-brother；long-longer；table for four-timetable；for some time-four times ；week-work；
3、 hat-hut；rain-raincoat；shine-sunny；class-glass ；miss-lost；lessons-songs；too-to；tired-tired of；patient-patience；left-left side；assistant-assistance；too much trouble-take the trouble2关注表意功能强的词、短语或句式but，sorry ，excuse me，sure，yes ，no，certainly ，well，if you dont mind；would you please，why not，why bother?
4、，Id like to 这些词的后面往往是问题的出处和答案的根据反问句和虚拟句是表达否定和建议的两种最常见的句式。3掌握常见话题中的短语与表达方式四级考试对话中的场景试题提问方式已经不是 Where does this conversation most probably take place?解题的关键便成了去了解一些场景下的常用语和常见情节，对这些常用词汇和短语不仅要知道其本身的意思，还要知道他们的同意表达方式，因为现在的听力试题一般不会在选项当中出现对话中的原词和词组。以下场景是对话当中所占比例最大的，掌握了在这些场景下的常用短语和表达方式，也就从词汇和短语方面抓住了解题的技巧1)校园生
5、活场景：几乎每次考试都有 1-2 道题涉及校园生活。借书：library，book for reading assignment，close，open，weekend，weekday，check out；volume two(ten)；check for somebodyborrow；on the upper shelf；a book hard to identifyis missing；has been misplaced教授和学生关系：学生问老师问题；学生寻求老师的帮助；学生询问老师对作业的意见；老师要求学生校对论文打印错误2do research for，professor，semest
6、er，work as ones teaching assistant，assistance，assist；trouble a professor；may I ask you a few questions；I have a class at ten；come in ones office hours；finish reading ones research report ；revise(improve) some parts of it; get it published；read some papers he recommended；correct all the typing errors
7、 in paper；read it thorough again ；check the paper for typing errors 同学之间交流：选课；听课的感受；对老师讲课的评价；提供老师论文复印件；交流论文写作进展；交流如何读书；考试通过互相祝贺；为生病同学补课；认识新同学；为打印论文而向对方询问如何找纸；谈论学习进展等briefings(lectures，presentation) seems go on forever；stay awake；sleep through ; unnecessarily long；more attentive；on this topic；hard to
8、 follow；think of；speak highly of；consider somethingdull; choose a good topic；attend ；think of somebodylecture ；the topic is interesting；difficult to follow；say about；a copy of article；get on with ones essay；have a real hard-time；two sleepless night；be through with；finish the assignment；political sci
9、ence class；each present a different theory；readmore than one article；get a full mark in math exams；do a good job；librarian ；miss classes； bring sbup to date；help sbto catch up；show up late；on the first day of school；get to know；find quality paper to type essay；bookshelf；stock room；go and check; type
10、writer；have ones hands full with；book report；how are lessons going；make progress; well worth the time and trouble；rewarding；boring；entertaining；time-consuming ；take five classes next semester；too many course offered to students2)家庭生活场景：外出活动(看电影、逛街、参加晚会 )：go to the movies；go out for dinner；see a diff
11、erent type of movie for a change；be tired of movies about romantic stories；love stories；detective stories；in theater； Im starving； what to wear to the party；cannot afford something new；attend a party；all of the clothes looks old；谈外出旅行：the holiday is well soon be here；be on the plane；it is exciting t
12、o travel by air； fly somewhere for ones vacation；well have another fine day；lets go to the seaside；leave very early；set off early; go sightseeing；take a half-day tour of the city；spend more time on sightseeing；get to the airport in time to catch the flight; get ones flight changed；switch to a differ
13、ent flight;家居生活、休闲：sit out in the backyard to enjoy the beautiful day；there is a lot of laundry to do；wash clothes；why did sbcall ；pick up magazine she learnt；get some magazines back；paint the house；have the house painted；climb the ladder；go home for the summer；count the days；on ones way home；pack f
14、or the summer vacation；the apple pie tastes very good=very delicious；even my mother cannot match this；have a look at the book l bought；bought out the bookstore=bought a lot of books；a large selection of books；在家请客：ask sbto the party；know ones address；invite Tom to the party；get the Johnsons address；
15、call to tell him about the reception；3)顾客与医生服务员/借书场景：买票在机场：I would like two tickets for 9 oclocks show；sell out；attend a show；have a ticket for 6 oclockflight to NewYork；I am afraid l cant make it；is a seat available for；all the morning flights 3have been booked up；fly to some place；return ones tick
16、et；change ones destination；here is l0-dollar bill；give me two tickets for tonights show please；you are not supposed to be here；this area is for the airport staff ony；fly over to see；keep in touch；see sb. off；complain about the poor airport service； meet sbat the airport；约见：Id like a talk with your d
17、irector；could arrange it for me；rather busy these days；to arrange an appointment for sbwith sb ；youve arranged to meet sb ；going to contact MrJohnson； I am ringing to confirm my appointment with;meet with；expect sbat ；make an appointment；would you get me through to sb ；be with sb ；订餐在餐馆订旅馆：have you
18、a table for four；a corner table；a table near the window；reserve a table；Ill beback with your order；how about the food l ordered；book a room with a bath；a singledouble room on the second floor买书：Id like to buy a copy of；that book has been out of print；it is no longer available；the information in the
19、book is out of date；the paperback edition of this dictionary；hard cover is on sale；买东西在邮局：the newest model；represent the latest technology；we sell nothing but the best；be of the same brand；have a good sale；nice-looking straw hat；you can wear it rain or shine；Im going to send the parcel to London；wha
20、ts the postage for it ；有关医院或诊所：what can l do for you；whats the matter with sb ；make an appointment to see the doctor；twist ones ankle；the injury does not seem serious；foot still hurt；put my weight on it；4)社会交往场合： 谈运动爱好：boating and skating are my favorite sports；walk all the way to the office； find g
21、reat pleasure in walking；take it as a kind of exercise；fishing is a good way to kill time；give a talk on fishing; have the have the same hobby as sb ；show great enthusiasm for；be enthusiastic for；be interested in；be willing to swimming；how do you like yesterdays play；play ones part quite wellexagger
22、ate his part too dramatic to be realistic；see last nights film on channel；闲聊：its high time we turned our attention to the problem；I cant agree with you more； Id ride a bike to work；take a crowed bus during the rush hours；take good of ones car； the car is well maintained；the car is in good condition；
23、no scratches on the outside and the inside is clean too；car can stand any crash在公共场合：the music is beautiful；Id like to dance；I dont know the steps；give performance；listen to the music；dance to music；Tom looks awfully nervous；be not used to making speeches；an awful inexperienced speaker；be terribly e
24、mbarrassed；the audience get up and leave in the middle of the performance；appreciate the real-life drama；title of the oil painting；an early 18-century work；look it up in the catalog ；at an art gallery；谈工作：complain about ones job；accept a job；turn down the offer；it means frequent business trips away
25、from family；the pay is too low to support ones family；get bored with the same routine；year after year；awfully dull；really exciting；very exhausting；quite challenging；stimulating；how did your experiment go；be through with your work；my boss usually finds something for me to do at the last minute；return
26、 to present job after the 4vacation；be confident about the job interview；谈天气：have a severe winter；warm up；the weather is mild；enjoy the wonderful weather；谈居住租房：move into a new apartment；it is more expensive；cant put up with the noise；have a room to let/for rent5)警察与公民：you were seen hanging about the
27、 store；unsolved case of robbery；search for reliable witness；this is a one-way street；didnt you see the sign；park car in a wrong place；break a traffic rule；drive at a low speed too fast二)“短文理解”应试技巧1浏览问题，根据问题预测内容1)由于问题多为对细节内容的考查，所以选项加上题干的内容大致相当于文章的内容；2)问题的出现顺序与文章内容的顺序基本一致；3)综合运用相关背景知识和文章中出现频率较高的词来确定文章
28、的大致内容2做适当、简要的笔记遇到数字、人名、地名、时间、年、月、日时要做适当的笔记，否则可能忘掉或者混淆。这些内容很可能就是考试内容。 。3抓主题句主题句常是文章的第一句和最后一句，因此听音时最好尽早进入临场状态，中间不要对一些没有听清的内容纠缠不清，要勇于放弃，这样才能抓住主要内容。4记住关键词，进一步确定文章的中心思想文章中的关键词包括名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词等，它们一般重读，出现频率高并且答案就是文中的关键词或短语的同义表达。5根据常识做适当的猜测听力文章所反映的内容大多与现实生活紧密相关，只要听到内容似乎与我们所了解的知识有关，可以大胆地进行知识迁移利用。6注意关联词，把握短文
29、的发展脉络短文常用一些连贯手法使文章成为一个有机的整体，这些连贯手法可能是代词、重复率高的关键词，或是一些表示并列、转折或因果关系的连词。抓住了这些词就能有效地把握短文的思路，就可能预测短文内容的发展。三)“复合式听写”应试技巧全国“大学英语四、六级统考于 97 年 6 月首次采用了“复合式听写”(Compound Dictation)这一题型，它比听力选择题更强调语言综合运用能力，考生不仅要具有良好的听的能力，还应具有较强的拼写能力，记笔记能力和书面表达能力，听的能力是“复合式听写， ”的基础，听写训练已有较多的材料进行过介绍和研究。这里我们结合自己的教学体会介绍一下如何提高“复合式听写”的
30、能力和应试方法。1通过卷面提供的文字捕捉信息，找出线索、了解大意“复合式听写”材料多为说明文，这一体裁的文章具有主题突出，条理分明，层次清楚、语言简洁、逻辑性强的特点。文章的开头或段首多半有主题句，之后的段、句进一步具体扩展、说明或论证主题句。根据“复合式听写”样题，听写第二部分二、三自然段首和段尾均有完整的主题句。考生应利用一切机会，如考前空隙或播放考试指令时间，浏览试卷该项下文字部分，尤其是主题句，根据主题句预测文章发展线索和大意。比如，有一段听5写材料的末尾句为“Often people like to take with them a gift for the hosts wife o
31、f a party they have been invited to ”及“Again，you may choose something：for the hosts wife alone or for the entire family ”考生不难推测所记要点应是作客时，客人应带些什么礼品及所赠对象，而决不会涉及作客时应穿什么样的服装或到、离主人家时间等方面的内容，这样便增强了考生对文章的认知度)熟悉感。缩小了内容范围，以后考生在听音时便更具针对性和准确性，心情放松，更为自信，使自己在考试中处于主动地位。即使“复合式听写”材料为其它体裁的文章，听音前浏览一下试题也大有裨益。因为文章具有一致性
32、和连贯性的特点，从试题中我们总会搜索到一些有参考价值的材料。2听写结合，双管齐下根据“复合式听写”新题型通知说明，第一遍是全文朗读，要求考生注意听懂全文内容。由于听音前考生已浏览了卷面文字，对听力材料有了大致的了解，因此听读第一遍时，考生可以适当地填写些单词和做些笔记，听为主，记为辅，要做好“复合式听写” ，考生需多多实践，获取较强的边听边记能力。听音贯穿着期待、预知、分析、综合、推理和判断等一系列过程，考生应同时快速记下几个关键词，而在记笔记时，又要能有效、专注地去听，获取信息理解全文。听写中边听边记具有必要性，听为手段，写为目的；听和记两种不同的语言技能在复合式听写”中有着紧密的联系，相互
33、促进。第一遍记下关键词有助于第二遍听写时启发记忆，提示要点，同时也减轻了第二遍笔记的任务，使笔记更加充实、完整，依次写出的内容要点才会更加全面、准确。另一方面，边听边记也具有可行性，试想学生听外籍教师上课，听了一遍不是也可记下授课要点吗?只要多加练习，其实也不难做到。3提高记笔记的效率一般考生听完两遍基本可听懂句意；但只凭记忆写要点，往往容易有疏漏和错误。足够信息量的笔记是写好要点的重要条件；但如何在有限的时间内记录下更多的内容呢?这里介绍几种方法。首先，可使用缩略语。仍以样题为例，可用 esp代 especially，sth 代 something，apprec代 appreciation
34、等。没有缩略语的词汇，如字母较少的单词，可完整写出该词，如gift， take，字母较多的单词(只写该词前几个字母；这里的基本要求是快速；省时，并能表达含义。缩略语不一定要求规范，甚至可用些符号，所记内容不一定要求完整，只要能起到提示的作用，自己能看懂就行了。 ，其次，由于“复合式听写”第二部分朗读时没有停顿，即使使用缩略语也难记下全文，因此考生应有选择地记笔记。英语中实词具有表意功能，而虚词多具语法功能，所记词应以实词为主。另外，因为“复合式听写”第二部分要求只写出内容要点也可，这样考生应重点记下句中的中心词。定、状语便可略去不记。通过这几种方法，考生可以大大压缩所记的词语，赢得了时间，精练
35、了内容，增大了笔记的信息量，为写好内容要点创造了条件。对是最后必不可少的环节，考生应抓住两遍听音时所忽略或遗漏的内容，进一步修改和完善自己的答案。 5.听写第一部分要求考生填人所缺单词，有时考生只凭辨音仍难以准确地判断出应为何词，此时考生可运用知识，修正听力细节上的不足。主要可以从语法结构，词语搭配、意义连贯、上下文等多角度去推断；并正确拼写出单词。而在核对听写第二部分内容要点表达时、则应注意力求要点完整、准确，尽量减少语言中语法、拼写等错误。听写是一种有效的综合性测试，可以考查学生词汇量、拼写、句法、听力、理解、记笔记和表达等多方面的要素和技能，研究人员发现听写成绩与许多其它技能的相关系数很高。我们深信全面本功是提高听写能力的重要途径，但听写训练具有自身的科学性和技巧性，多练加巧练则6定可取得事 半功倍的成效。
