1、1Para 1 基本原理Notes:Para.1. appreciate: understand fully,评价,估价,理解unsuitability :不适合,不相称,不匹配present:submit,offer,give,提出,设置2. patent: n,专利 v,取得 专利athodyd: 航空热力管道,冲压式喷气发动机ram jet: 冲压喷气发动机3. turbo-propeller engine: 涡轮螺桨发动机viscount aircraft: 子爵式飞机twin-spool: 双转子triple-spool: 三转子by-pass: 双涵式,内外涵ducted fan:
2、 管道风扇式,涵道风扇式4. piston engine: 活塞发动机solely:单独地,独自地,只是5. pulse jet: 脉动式发动机turbo/ram jet: 涡轮/冲压喷气发动机6. momentum: 动量issue:流出,放出impartto:give ,给予jet: 喷嘴8. sprinkler: 喷水器by virtue of: 凭借,利用firefighting: 消防hose: 软管carnival: 狂欢节9. resultant: 合成的,总的10. convertinto:changeinto,11. convergent: 收敛的divergent: 发散的
3、target vehicle: 耙机12. intermittent: 间歇的,周期性的static:静止的,静态的dynamic:动力的,动态的aero-:空气的aerodynamic:空气动力学的robust:坚固的,强壮的spring-loaded:绷有弹簧的(图 1-7):shutter valve:薄片式,快门式阀门,节气活门depression:下降rotor:旋翼2helicopter:直升机dispense with:免去,不用resonate:共振,谐振13. decompose:分解14. inherent:内在的,固有的up to:直至,高达(上限)15. somewha
4、t:比较,有点blade:叶片16. blade-tip:翼尖departure from:偏离,违背17. offset:补偿,弥补,冲淡18. Mach number:马赫数19. variable intake:可调进气道afterburner:加力燃烧室shut down:停车,关闭guide vane:导向叶片divert: redirectsustained:stable,稳定的,持续的cruise condition:巡航状态20. alternative:另一种结构型式21. kerosine:煤油multi-stage:多级in the order of :数量级22. in
5、terceptor:截击机space-launcher:航天飞机high altitude:高空short duration:短的巡航时间Part 2 工作循环和空气流动1. efflux:射流,流出,涌(迸)出2. stroke:冲程reciprocate:往复式的3. fabricated:板金焊接的(板料)4. remainder:剩余物5. assembly:组件7. embody:包含(contain )product:乘积extract:取出(功) ,吸收(功)9. trace through:追踪,指示10. attain:到达(achieve)11. adiabatic:绝热的
6、friction:摩擦3conduction:导热,热传导turbulence:湍流,扰动12. propelling nozzle:推进喷管deceleration:减速acceleration:加速13. convert(convertion)to(into)supersonic:超音速的transonic:跨音速的subsonic:压音速的encounter:遭遇,遇到14. failure:损坏,失效vibration:振动eddy:旋涡15. straight-through flow system:直流系统frontal area:迎风面积subsequent:后续的( follo
7、wing)17. conducive:有助(益)于,促进的specific:单位的,比的(如 specific heat,比热)specific fuel consumption:耗油率18. configuration:机构,构造,结构型式19. overboard:出去,向 外variation:变形Part 3 压气机Para. 1. centrifugal:离心的axial:轴向的shaft:轴2. impeller:叶轮diffuser:扩压器3. with regard to:关于,对于,论及,提及4. specific thrust:单位推力5. casing:机匣plenum
8、chamber:稳压腔6. radially:辐射地,径向地initially whirl:预旋8. tip speed:叶尖速度9. leakage:泄露clearance:间隙,公差10. ball bearing:滚珠轴承roller bearing:滚棒(柱)轴承ease of detachment:易于拆卸11. forged disc:铸造盘,铸件4sweep back:回弯12. all-round efficiency:圆周效率surge:喘振ram effect:冲压效应13. tangential:切向的aerodynamic buffeting impulses:气动抖振
9、14. aerofoil:气动翼型angular setting of the vanes:叶片安装角inlet guide vanes:进口导流片15. air annulus area:空气环形流道面积tapering:作成锥形17. operating flexibility:最佳速度20. correct the deflection:工作适应性air straightener:空气整流器21. air breakaway:气流分离blade stall:叶片失速22. tortuous:曲折的,扭曲的culminate:vi ,达到顶点,以 告终25. alignment:准直,对中
10、26. drum-type:鼓筒式disc-dype:盘式spline:花键,用花键连接spacer rings:垫圈blade platform:叶片榫缘27. rock:摇动,摇摆28. angle of incidence:倾角,迎角29. retaining rings :?固定环,保持环in packs:成组,成批shroud:叶冠,加叶冠32. blade profile:叶片型面flight manoeuvre:飞行机动,飞行动作ingestion:吸入外物34. off design speed:非设计转速35. cough:咳嗽a bang of varying severi
11、ty:忽强忽弱的放炮声36. safety margin:安全裕度37. bleeding:放气,以抽气减压38. pneum(o)-: 词头空气,气动,呼吸pneumonia:肺炎pneumatic:气动的choking:阻塞39. actuator:作动筒,促动筒r.p.m.= revolution per minute40. fatigue resistance:耐疲劳542. titanium:钛carbon or glass fiber composite:碳或玻璃纤维复合材料43. magnesium:镁44. engines designed entirely for lift:
12、升力发动机 45. balancing:平衡in view of:由于,鉴于,考虑到Part 4 燃烧室Para. 3. commercial aircraft traffic:民用航空exhaust smoke:排气烟带4. normal:额定的blow away:吹熄5. flame tube:火焰筒liner:套筒(管)meter:量度,测量,定量multi-meter:万用表-meter:仪表,仪器6. snout:主进气口,飞机头部swirl vane:扰流器(叶片)perforated flare:多孔漏斗recirculation:回流air casing:燃烧室外套7. tor
13、oidal vortex:环形涡流anchor:驻定,抛锚8. break up:破碎,弄细9. nozzle guide vanes of the turbine:涡轮导向器叶片dilution:稀释10. igniter plug:电嘴点火器self-sustained:自行保持的13. atomizer jets:雾化喷嘴vaporizing principle:汽化原理,蒸发原理baffle plate:隔板14. multiple chamber:单管燃烧室tube-annular chamber:环管燃烧室annular chamber:环型燃烧室17. interconnecto
14、r:联焰管18. overhaul:大(翻)修compactness:结构紧凑21. decrease by:减小了decrease to:减小到622. air spray type burner:气动喷嘴aerate:充(通)气,吹气over-rich pockets of fuel vapour:过富的燃油蒸气,油兜,油井(穴) ,油带24. flame extinctior:熄火25. incur:招致,遭受(损失,坏结果)30. glide:滑翔dive:俯冲idling:慢车rich limit:富油极限weak limit:贫油极限mixture strength:混合物浓度31
15、. loop:包线33. negligible:可忽略的35. creep failure:蠕变stress:应力strain:应变Part 5 涡轮Para.2. torque:力矩stationary:静止的,固定的moving:运动的with the advent of:随着到来,出现3. shaft-power engine:涡(轮)轴发动机 free-power turbine:动力涡轮reduction gear:减速齿轮(器)interpose:介入,插入4. compromise:妥协,协调,调和power/weight ratio:功重比5. compatible with:
16、与 相适应的,相容的juxtaposition:排列位置pure impulse turbine:纯冲击式涡轮pure reaction turbine:纯反作用式涡轮incorporated:合并,加入,包含,包括,采用cartridge and air starters:火药式和空气式起动机7. discharge:流出8. detrimental:有害的exhaust cone supports and struts:排气锥支座与支板9. stagger angle:叶片扭转角-安装角10. degree of reaction:反力度12. self-aligning coupling
17、:自调联轴器715. machined forging:机加铸件flange:安装边,法兰盘perimeter:周长18. permitted stress:许用应力trailing edge:后缘leading edge:前缘crack:裂纹19. has an important bearing on:对有重要影响,关系 limiting rim speed:极限轮缘速度de laval bulb root fixing:特拉瓦球形叶根固定(法)be superseded by:以代替(取代)fir-tree fixing:枞树形固定(法) ,枞树形榫齿serration:榫齿,锯齿sti
18、ffen:拉紧,加强hollow:空心的20. segment:扇形段peripheral:圆周的,周边的peri-:圆周的,周边的22. flow characteristics:流量特性back pressure:反压,背压24. creep life:蠕变寿命creep characteristics:蠕变特性26. bending loads:弯曲载荷thermal shock:热冲击high frequency fluctuations:高频振荡28. foregoing = above, preceding29 ferritic:铁素体的,三价铁的ferro-:亚铁的austeni
19、tic:奥氏体的nickel:镍Part 6 排气系统Para.3. thrust reverser:反推力装置noise suppressor:消音器mixer unit:混合器4. support fairings:整流支板7. longitudinal axis:纵轴9. flap:折叶,片状物,调节片nozzle aperture: 喷口孔板10. r.p.m. = revolutions per minute:每分钟转速12. special heat-resisting steels:特殊耐高温钢8lag:铺设,包上insulating blanket:绝热层fibrous:纤维d
20、imple:起皱纹,生微涡13. engine nacelle:发动机短舱14. streamlined fairings:整流支板vent hole:通气孔15. chute:进气漏斗Part 7 消音器Para.1. annoyance level:扰人程度perceived noise decibel(PNdB):能听到的噪音,分贝pitch:音调2. to some power:成幂次关系 x to the power nthe nth power of x4. wake:尾流,涡流discrete:断续的,离散的harmonics:谐波5. approach thrust:进场推力6
21、. obviate:排除,免除,事先预防7. lobe-type:叶瓣形9. weight penalty:重量损失11. optimum mean noise level:最佳平均噪音强度12. the pilots master switch:驾驶员主控开关pneumatic rams:气动作动筒charge-over:转换13. honeycomb backing:蜂窝芯14. provision:装置(调整机构)15. noise radiation:噪音传播16. sintered fibrous-metallic materials:烧结的纤维金属材料Part 8Para.1. w
22、heel brake:机轮刹车braking parachutes:阻力伞2. landing run:着陆滑跑距离(图) I.S.A.= International Standard Atmosphere:国际标准大气4. pitch:安装角9throttle lever:油门杆(操纵杆)7. clamshell-type:蛤壳形retractable ejector:伸缩式作动器bucket-type:库斗式blocked doors:阻塞门9. cascade vanes:叶栅10. linkage:连杆11. latch:锁住12. divert:使转向,使变换方向13. flexib
23、le drives:钢索传动,挠性传动装置screwjack:丝杠translating:平移变换,移动cowl:整流罩flush:齐平地fairing:整流罩16. safety features:安全(特性)措施crew compartment:驾驶舱17. pitch control system:桨距调节系统trim:调节,微调malfunction:失灵,出故障20. hinged:铰接22. in segments:成组roller:滚轮23. rod:连杆buffet:冲击stiffen:加强Part 9 加力燃烧Para.1. afterburning:补燃加力3. after
24、burner:加力燃烧室burner:喷嘴(喷灯)(图) sleeve:套筒6. stabilizer:火焰稳定器interconnection:联焰7. normal:额定的lit:light 的过去分词8. catalytic:催化的platinum-based dement:铂基原件hot streak of flame:热射流hot-shot ignition:热射式点火9. cool flame:冷焰10at sea levelat altitude13. boost:增加,提高15. pressure ratio control unit:压比调节器16. gear type pu
25、mp:齿轮泵17. be relayed to:传给,中继degree of afterburning:加力程度20. eyelid:喷口21. struts:支板22. circular heat shield:环形隔热屏perforated:钻孔Part 10 燃油系统Para.1. with the exception of: except, apart from,除了 以外shut-off valve(cock):截止阀,截止开关throttle or power lever:油门杆或功率杆2. preventfor:防止3. pitch:螺距,桨距overspeeding:超转,超速
26、governor:调节器,控制器4. ancillary function:辅助功能7. gear-type pump:齿轮泵variable-stroke:可变行程multi-plunger:多柱塞式图 10-1:knot:结,海里/小时8. free-power turbine:自由动力涡轮11. spill valve:溢流阀,泄流阀14. bleed:放,泄(油,气,水) ,回油capsule:膜片I.S.A.:国际标准大气15. centrifugal:离心的rotor radial drilling:转子径向孔diaphragm:膜片F.C.U. = flow control un
27、it:流量控制装置16. safety relief valve:安全回油活门regardless of:不论,不管17. dashpot throttle unit:阻尼油门装置ported sleeve:有开孔的套筒rack and pinion:齿轮齿条副(传动)20. annulus:环形通道restrictor:限制器11spray nozzle:喷嘴22. capsule assembly:膜片组件evacuated capsule:真空膜片pump stroke:油泵行程23. specific gravity:比重24. centrifugal loading:离心载荷26.
28、solenoid valve:电磁阀27. starting nozzle:起动喷嘴igniter plug:火花塞28. back pressure valve:反压阀门30. trimming device:微调装置31. opposing jets:对置喷嘴interrupter blade:遮断叶片33. proportioning valve:比例活门35. equalize:使相等37. surge:喘振inertia:惯性time lag:时间滞后override:占优势,超控38. metering plunger:节流柱塞overfuelling:过量供油45. L.P. s
29、ide of the drum:鼓筒的低压端46. rocker arm:摇臂48. idling speed governor:慢车转速调节器49. overstressing:过应力50. relight:再点火51. all-speed:全转速fuel flow regulator:燃油流量调节器main burner:主喷嘴52. gear train:齿轮泵variable metering sleeve:可变节流套筒cam:凸轮stirrup arm:托架臂58. stop:止动销60. thermocouple:热电偶rotary actuator:旋转作动筒62. main b
30、urner manifold:主燃油喷嘴总管flyweight:配重63. main and primary flows:主燃油和初级燃油64. water injection:喷水reset cam:重调凸轮72. trimmer valve:微调活门75. air off-take:空气取出,空气提取77. vapour locking:气阻(汽化阻塞)12cavitation:气穴ice crystal:冰晶filter:过滤器oil cooler:滑油散热器transmitter:传感器78. plunger-type pump:柱塞式泵constant-delivery gear-t
31、ype pump:等排量齿轮泵81. camplate:凸轮盘inclination:斜度84. atomize:使雾化swirl chamber:旋涡室85. simplex:单油路喷嘴lubbock:可调进口喷嘴duplex or duple:双油路喷嘴86. square law:平方律91. exhaust smoke:排气冒烟92. flow distributor:流量分配器gravity head:重力压头94. fuel-cooled oil cooler:燃油冷却的滑油散热器thermostatically:恒温的,热静力学的98. buoyant material:轻浮材料
32、100. conform to:与一致overhaul:翻修wide-cut gasoline-type fuel:宽馏分汽油型燃油102. viscosity or thickness:粘度或稠度anti-icing additives:防冰添加剂103. volatility:挥发性104. British Thermal Unit:英热单位 calorific value:热值105. sulphurous acid:硫酸107. distillation:蒸馏flash point:闪点110. inert gas:惰性气体112. tank drain check:油箱放油检查Par
33、t 11Para. 1. methanol:甲醇methane:甲烷5. metering valve:量孔,计量阀门servo:伺服,随动,助力13capsule assembly:膜盒组件6. oil cock:滑油开关throttle:油门7. feed arm:供油臂swirl vane:扰流器governor:调节器8. pressure difference:压差9. non-return valve, one-way valve:单向阀门Part 13Para.1. main bearing housings:主轴承座drive-shaft seals:传动轴封严装置2. dis
34、perse:分散,散开vent:排出,泄放,通风overboard:机外ventilate:通风4. interstage:级间multi-groove construction:齿结构5. pre-swirl feed:预旋供气6. clearance:间隙7. de-aerator system:油气分离系统breather:通风器9. thermo-couple:热电偶temperature gauge:温度表10. intake louvres:进口导风板cowling:整流罩11. undercarriage:起落架12. engine bay or pad:发动机短舱extinguishant:灭火剂13. bulkhead:隔舱15. drain pipe:漏油管,泄油管14