（全国通用）2017版高考英语二轮复习 考前三个月 专题四 语法填空（课件+试题）（打包12套）.zip

1专题四 语法填空 技法剖析 授之以渔考情分析语法填空能全面考查学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。选取的语言材料的体裁通常是记叙文或说明文。本题型的设题是在一篇200 词左右的语篇中留出 10 处空白，一部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式(所填写词语不得超过三个)，另一部分空白不给任何提示词(仅填一个单词)，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容。考查内容主要包括动词的时态和语态、情态动词、非谓语动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、从句的引导词、特殊句式等。技法剖析 授之以渔一 已给单词提示题型的技巧此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种：一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一 名词形式变化名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。典例 1 Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.(2016·全国Ⅱ)分析：根据本句的谓语动词 show 可知，主语应该是复数形式，因此应填 studies。技巧二 动词形式变化动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。典例 2 The giant panda (love) by people throughout the world.(2016·四川)分析：考查时态和语态。本句是对客观事实的陈述，应用一般现在时；而 panda 与 love 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 is loved。典例 3 Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. (2016·全国Ⅱ)分析：考查主谓一致和时态。句子的主语是动名词，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，并且这里说的是一个事实，故答案为 is。技巧三 代词形式变化代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词2(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如 no one/none、other/another 等。典例 4 On my recent visit，I held a lively three­month­old twin that had been rejected by (it) mother.(2016·全国Ⅰ)分析：by 是介词，其后的宾语 mother 缺少定语，应该用代词 it 的所有格形式，故答案为its。技巧四 形容词、副词比较级、最高级变化英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式：通过加后缀­er 和­est，或在词前加 more/less 和 most/least，且形容词的最高级前通常要加 the。典例 5 If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of (great) and less importance.(2016·全国Ⅱ)分析：考查形容词的比较级。根据 and 之后的 less 可知此处应填 greater 与之并列，故答案为 greater。技巧五 数词形式变化数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀­teen、­ty 的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及 one/two 的特殊变化形式 once/twice 等。典例 6 It was the poor of New Orleans，nearly a (three) of the population，who lived in the lowest­lying parts of the city and suffered most from hurricanes.分析：提示词是基数词 three，而不定冠词之后要跟序数词，因此填 third。技巧六 词的派生词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。典例 7 Chinese scientists (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.(2016·四川)分析：本句中应用副词修饰动词 had，故答案为 recently。典例 8 Then，handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of (achieve)．(2016·全国Ⅱ)分析：此处是固定表达 a sense of achievement “成就感” ，故答案为 achievement。二 未给单词提示题型的技巧这类题目主要考查代词、名词、冠词、介词、助动词、情态动词、并列连词、从句的引导词、特殊句式等。3技巧七 固定搭配根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，通常是考查包含冠词、介词的固定搭配。典例 9 .while one is being bottle­fed， other is with mum—she never suspects.(2016·全国Ⅰ)分析：考查冠词。此处是固定表达 one.the other.“一个……另外一个……” 。典例 10 . the same time，they warm up again for the night.(2015·全国Ⅱ)分析：考查包含介词的固定搭配 at the same time“与此同时” 。技巧八 从句引导词从句是此题型最为常见的一个考查方向，主要检测学生对各类从句的辨识能力。对引导词的掌握程度，需要学生扎实掌握句子结构知识。典例 11 it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.(2016·四川)分析：考查状语从句的引导词。根据句意“当它哭泣的时候/如果它哭了，她会来回摇晃它，轻轻拍打，给它安慰。 ”可知此处可填 when/if。典例 12 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid­1980s， I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016·全国Ⅰ)分析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处是非限制性定语从句，the mid­1980s 是先行词，表示时间，从句中缺状语，故答案为 when。典例 13 I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.(2015·全国Ⅰ)分析：考查定语从句的引导词。句子的先行词是 the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River，指物，且在定语从句中作主语，故可填 that/which。技巧九 连词、关联短语结构常用的连词有 and，or，but，so，for，while 等，常用的关联短语有both.and，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also 等。典例 14 So，get an early start and try to be as productive possible before lunch. (2016·全国Ⅱ)分析：考查连词。此处是固定结构 as.as possible“尽可能……” 。典例 15 It was time for her to have a new baby， it was also time for the young panda to be independent.(2016·四川)4分析：考查连词。根据句意“是她再生一个孩子的时候了，也是小熊猫该独立的时候了”可知，前后句之间是并列关系，故答案为 and。技巧十 常用的副词被考查的常见副词比较多，如：besides，however，never，yet，much，therefore，moreover，furthermore 等，这类题目要求学生准确理解句意，理解句与句之间的语义关系，最终做出准确判断。典例 16 The difficulty is that Venus is much hotter than the Earth. ，there is only a tiny amount of water.分析：根据句意“问题是金星上比地球上热得多。而且，金星上只有少量的水。 ”可知上下句之间是递进关系，因此可填 Besides/Moreover/Furthermore。技巧十一 助动词/情态动词。如果句子的结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或者主谓不一致时，往往是填情态动词或者表示倒装的助动词 do，does，did 等。如果是一般疑问句，往往考虑填助动词 am，is，are，do，does，did，have，has，had 等。典例 17 Then the driver stood up and asked， “ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？”(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)分析：这是一个一般疑问句，lose 是发生在过去的动作，应该填 Did。技巧十二 特殊句式。主要体现在对于强调句、感叹句、省略句以及 it 的用法等方面的考查。典例 18 was when all the students had a cup of coffee in hand that he said.分析：考查强调句型 It is/was.that.。应该填 It。1模拟演练（一）AWhen shoes are made to fit your feet and nobody else’s，they are called bespoke shoes.There are now only five companies in London which still make 1.traditional(tradition) bespoke men’s shoes,2.while surprisingly bespoke shoes for women are made in Paris.Bespoke shoes are made in exactly 3.the same way as they were one hundred years ago as the technology is completely 4.unchanged(change)．It will take three months 5.to make(make) the first pair of shoes for a customer who must come in for at least three fittings(试穿)．The process is as follows：you put your foot 6.on a sheet of paper，called a “book”，and the shoemakers draw a line around 7.it.Four measurements are taken：heel to toe，the width at the 8.widest(wide) point，around the instep，the instep to heel.This is the first fitting.Next，a wooden model of your foot is made，called a “last” ．Then，the leather work begins.The designs，like the process,9.have remained(remain) the same in the last century.It is not that new fashions could not be introduced,10.but that the customers do not want them.They want their shoes to be made as they were one hundred years ago.1．答案 traditional解析 考查词性转换。修饰名词 bespoke men’s shoes应用 tradition的形容词形式traditional。2．答案 while解析 考查连词。此处用 while连接两个句子，表示对比关系。3．答案 the解析 考查冠词。此处是固定搭配 the same.as.，意为“与……一样” 。4．答案 unchanged解析 考查词性转换。根据句意可知，制鞋的技术没有任何改变。故应填 unchanged。5．答案 to make解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是固定句型 It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.，意为“做某事花费……时间” 。6．答案 on解析 考查介词。根据句意“把你的脚放在一张纸上”可知，填 on。27．答案 it解析 考查代词。根据前文可知，制鞋者沿着脚划线。此处的 it指代前文的 foot。8．答案 widest解析 考查形容词的最高级。根据句意“测量脚的最宽处”可知，应用 wide的最高级。9．答案 have remained解析 考查时态。根据句中的 in the last century可知，此处应用现在完成时。10．答案 but解析 考查连词。此处是固定句式 not.but.结构。BIn Greek mythology，the god of craftsmanship，Hephaestus,11.was ordered(order) by the king of the Gods，Zeus，to create the first woman on earth and he did，using water and earth.And Zeus named her Pandora，which meant “all­gifted” ．Later on Pandora was sent to the earth to live 12.with the rest of mankind.Before she left she was given a box which she was commanded never to open under 13.any circumstances.However，being 14.naturally(nature) curious，Pandora，opened the box,15.where all the evils of the world such as war，disease，famine and floods escaped and spread over the earth.Pandora was too 16.terrified(terrify) to see them escaping except only one thing，and finally managed to close the lid.Immediately there was a tiny voice 17.calling(call) “Let me out”．Frightened 18.as/though she was，Pandora cautiously opened the box in time to see the small object within—Hope—wing 19.its way out into the world.So that was how the earth was filled with evil due to Pandora’s 20.curiosity(curious)．Fortunately，there is HOPE on earth as well.11．答案 was ordered解析 考查时态和语态。根据上下文可知，本句的时态是一般过去时，根据空后的 by可知应用 order的被动语态，因此填 was ordered。12．答案 with解析 考查介词。句意为：后来潘朵拉被送去和其他的人类生活在一起。live with表示“和……一起生活” 。13．答案 any解析 考查代词。此处是固定搭配 under any circumstances，意为“在任何情况下” 。14．答案 naturally解析 考查词性转换。此处应用 nature的副词形式来修饰形容词 curious，故填3naturally。15．答案 where解析 考查关系副词。此处应填关系词来引导定语从句，先行词为 box，从句中缺少状语，故填 where。16．答案 terrified解析 考查词性转换。too.to.结构中，too 应该修饰形容词或者副词，结合句意可知，应填表示人的感受的形容词 terrified。17．答案 calling解析 考查非谓语动词。句中 voice和 call之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此填 calling。18．答案 as/though解析 考查连词。根据句意“尽管她很害怕” ，结合句子结构可知，本句为倒装句，故填as/though。19．答案 its解析 考查代词。此处代替 Hope，故用 its来修饰名词 way。20．答案 curiosity解析 考查词性转换。Pandora’s 是所有格形式，其后应该跟名词，故填 curiosity。COne Saturday morning in September I 21.went(go) to a local music festival.I left it early 22.because I had an appointment later that day.My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with 23.me(I) until the bus arrived.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back，and then I noticed a man 24.sitting(sit) at the front.He pretended that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.He must be 25.mentally(mental) disabled.Behind him 26.were(be) other people to whom he was trying to talk，but after some 27.minutes(minute) they walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.I didn’t want 28.to be laughed(laugh) at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him on his own either.After a while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus.I sat next 29.to the man and introduced myself.We had 30.an amazing conversation.He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home.I’m glad I made the choice.It made both of us feel good.21．答案 went解析 考查时态。根据句中的时间状语 One Saturday morning in September可知应用一般过去时，故填 went。422．答案 because解析 考查连词。根据句意“我提早离开了，因为那天的晚些时候我有个约会” ，可知应填because。23．答案 me解析 考查代词。with 是介词，其后应填 I的宾格形式，故填 me。24．答案 sitting解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，and 后分句中已有谓语动词 notice，故空格处应填非谓语动词；sit 与其逻辑主语 a man之间是主动关系，而且这个动作正在进行，故填sitting。25．答案 mentally解析 考查词性转换。disabled 是形容词，应用 mental的副词形式来修饰，故填mentally。26．答案 were解析 考查时态。本句是倒装句，此处应填句子的谓语动词，句子的主语是 other people，结合上下文的过去时时态可知应填 were。27．答案 minutes解析 考查名词复数。minute 是可数名词，前面有修饰词 some，故填其复数形式minutes。28．答案 to be laughed解析 考查被动语态。此处 laugh在 want之后，应填 to do的形式，结合句意可知应用被动语态，故填 to be laughed。29．答案 to解析 考查介词。此处是固定搭配，next to “在……旁边” 。30．答案 an解析 考查冠词。amazing 是元音开头的形容词，故填 an。1模拟演练（七）ADo you shop online with websites 1.like Taobao？When you make 2.an order on Taobao，the money you pay doesn’t go directly to the sellers.Instead，it goes through Alipay,3.which keeps your money for a while.After you receive your goods and click the “confirm receipt(确认收货)” button，Alipay then gives the money to the sellers.This process 4.is called(call) “third party online payment”．There is a transfer station(中转站)，or a third account，between sellers and buyers 5.to make(make) online shopping safe.Buyers don’t need to worry about paying for goods and then 6.receiving(receive) nothing.Sellers also get rid of the risk of receiving no money after sending out goods.These transfer stations are 7.usually(usual) set up by payment service companies such as Alipay，Tenpay and Yeepay.Among them，Alipay is the biggest in China.It has more than 270 million active users， according to Xinhua.While most online sellers and shoppers like the third party online payment system，banks are not very 8.satisfied(satisfy) with it.That is 9.because companies like Alipay are fighting over money with the banks.Users can invest in financial products through Alipay and make money.Thus lots of people 10.choose(choice) to put money in Alipay rather than in banks.1．答案 like解析 考查介词。此处 like为介词，意为“像……一样” 。根据句意“你在像淘宝这样的网站上购物吗？”可知填 like。2．答案 an解析 考查冠词。此处是固定搭配 make an order“订购” 。3．答案 which解析 考查关系代词。本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Alipay，从句中缺主语，故填which。4．答案 is called解析 考查时态和语态。根据句意“这个过程被称之为‘第三方支付’ ”可知，名词process与动词 call之间构成被动关系；再根据上下文时态可知应用一般现在时，所以填is called。5．答案 to make解析 考查非谓语动词。当名词前面有序数词修饰时，其后用不定式作定语。本句中不定式短语 to make online shopping safe修饰名词 a third account。句意为：在卖家和买家2中间有一个中转站或另外一个让网络购物安全的账户。6．答案 receiving解析 考查非谓语动词。本句中动名词短语 receiving nothing与 paying for goods是并列关系，都使用动名词短语作 about的宾语。7．答案 usually解析 考查词性转换。本句用副词 usually作状语修饰谓语部分 be set up。8．答案 satisfied解析 考查词性转换。形容词短语 be satisfied with.意为“对……满意” 。句意为：尽管大部分的买家和卖家很喜欢第三方支付，但是银行对它很不满意。9．答案 because解析 考查连词。句意为：那是因为像支付宝这样的公司正在和银行争夺金钱。10．答案 choose解析 考查词性转换。本句的主语是 lots of people(复数)，横线上要填的是谓语动词，而名词 choice的动词是 choose，故填 choose。BMalls are popular places for Americans 11.to go(go)．Some people spend so much time at malls 12.that they are called “mall rats”．Mall rats shop until they drop in the hundreds of stores under one roof.People like malls 13.for many reasons.They feel safe because malls have police stations or private security guards.Parking is 14.usually(usual) free，and the atmosphere inside is always fine.The newest malls have beautiful rest area with waterfalls and large green 15.trees(tree)．The largest mall in the United States is the Mall of America in Minnesota.16.It has 350 stores，eight night clubs and a seven­acre park！There are parking spaces for 12,750 cars.About 750,000 people stop every week.The first indoor mall in the United States 17.was built(build) in 1965 in Edina，Minnesota.Now people shop in malls，of course.They also eat in food houses，18.which have food from all over the world.They see movies here.Some people even get their daily exercise by 19.doing(do) the new sport of mall walking.Others go to malls to meet friends.In 20.a word，now residents can actually live in their favorite shopping center.11．答案 to go解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是 for sb.to do结构，故填 to go。12．答案 that3解析 考查连词。此处是固定句型 so.that.结构，故填 that。13．答案 for解析 考查介词。根据句意“人们喜欢商场的原因有很多”可知，填 for，表示“因为” 。14．答案 usually解析 考查词性转换。free 是形容词，应用副词来修饰，故填 usually。15．答案 trees解析 考查名词复数。此处应填 trees与 and前的 waterfalls构成并列。16．答案 It解析 考查代词。指代前文的 the Mall of America in Minnesota。17．答案 was built解析 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语 in 1965，可知本句的时态是一般过去时；所给词build与句子的主语 The first indoor mall in the United States是被动关系，应用被动语态形式。18．答案 which解析 考查关系代词。本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 food houses，指物，从句中缺主语，故填 which。19．答案 doing解析 考查非谓语动词。by 是介词，其后的动词应用­ing 形式，故填 doing。20．答案 a解析 考查冠词。此处是固定短语 in a word，意为“总之，一句话” 。CWilliam Campbell，Satoshi Omura and Tu Youyou jointly won the 2015 Nobel Prize for medicine 21.for their work against parasitic diseases(寄生虫病).85­year­old Tu was awarded this prize for her contribution to 22.reducing(reduce) the death rate of malaria(疟疾)，minimizing patients’ suffering and promoting mankind’s health.This is 23.what science is all about.As a matter of fact，Tu has won some attention when she 24.got(get) the Lasker Award in 2011.But there is no way to compare her popularity back to the attention she is receiving today.As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award，Tu’s winning 25.completely(complete) surprised Chinese people,26.who have long been wondering when the first Chinese Nobel Laureate in natural science would appear.Tu Youyou is the first Chinese scientist to win a Nobel Prize for work 27.carried(carry) out within China.She has spent 40 years’ time on scientific 4research.Although the Nobel Prize did not come to her until four decades later，it is definitely one of 28.the most privilege rewards that recognize Tu’s devotion and perseverance in discovering artemisinin(青蒿素)．Her record­breaking winning 29.is(be) a reminder that science is never about instant success.There is no way to measure how much you spend on scientific research and compare 30.it with how much reward you get.21．答案 for解析 考查介词。根据句意“由于他们在防治寄生虫病方面的贡献，William Campbell，Satoshi Omura 和屠呦呦三人共同获得了 2015年的诺贝尔医学奖。 ”可知，应填for，表示“由于，因为” 。22．答案 reducing解析 考查非谓语动词。contribution to.对……的贡献，其中 to 是介词，其后的动词应用­ing 形式，故填 reducing。23．答案 what解析 考查连词。本句是表语从句，从句中 about缺宾语，故填 what。24．答案 got解析 考查时态。根据本句中的 in 2011可知，应用一般过去时，故填 got。25．答案 completely解析 考查词性转换。surprise 是动词，应用副词来修饰，故填 completely。26．答案 who解析 考查关系代词。本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Chinese people，指人，从句中缺主语，故填 who。27．答案 carried解析 考查非谓语动词。此处 carry out与 work之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。28．答案 the解析 考查冠词。此处是形容词的最高级，其前应加定冠词 the。29．答案 is解析 考查主谓一致。句子的主语是 winning，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，结合本句的时态可知填 is。30．答案 it解析 考查代词。此处指代前面的 how much you spend on scientific research。