（全国通用）2017版高考英语二轮复习 考前三个月 专题二 七选五（课件+试题）（打包12套）.zip

1专题二 七选五 技法剖析 授之以渔考情分析近三年全国卷七选五体裁、话题和挖空特点情况年份 体裁 话题 挖空特点段首 1段中 42016 全国Ⅰ 说明文 密码的设置和破解方法段尾 0段首 1段中 42016 全国Ⅱ 说明文 如何建设花园段尾 0段首 1段中 42016 全国Ⅲ 说明文 买鱼和做鱼的常识段尾 0段首 2段中 32015 全国Ⅰ 议论文 如何重建信任段尾 0段首 0段中 52015 全国Ⅱ 说明文 进行马拉松训练的具体做法段尾 0段首 1段中 42014 全国Ⅰ 说明文 让孩子为未来工作做好准备的四个方面段尾 0段首 1段中 32014 全国Ⅱ 说明文 在忙碌的生活中怎样享受烹调的乐趣的建议段尾 1技法剖析 授之以渔1．分析篇章结构。把握全篇文脉是七选五的关键所在。对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，理出文章的中心，搞清楚句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。2．把握写作思路。从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次。根据句子意思分出层次，如承接、2并列、递进关系等。3．理解句际间含义。重点关注句际间的关联词、逻辑性插入语，结合段落中的连接语作出判断。技巧一 从行文逻辑上判断1．转折关系转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。表示转折关系的连接词有：but，however，yet，instead，otherwise，on the other hand，in spite of，regardless of 等。典例 (2016·全国Ⅰ)To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book.With a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words.For example， “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40 However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.答案 A(It is very hard to break a code without the code book.)解析 考查综合分析能力。分析语境可知，该处仍在谈论密码本，由此可锁定 A 项，该句与空后一句语意衔接紧密，可确定为答案。2．例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例子)。典例 (2016·全国Ⅰ)There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”答案 E(You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.)解析 考查联系上下文的能力。依据接下来的举例可知，这里讲的是其中一种密码学，即你可以隐藏一条信息，通过每个单词的首字母把它拼写出来。因此答案为 E。3．并列关系表示列举关系的有：first(首先，第一)，second(第二)，third(第三)；firstly(第一，首3先)，secondly(第二；其次)，thirdly(第三)；first(第一)，next(其次)，then(那么，然后)；in the first place(第一，首先)，in the second place(第二，其次)；for one thing(首先，一则)，for another thing(其次)；to begin with(首先，第一)，to conclude(最后，总之)等。典例 (2016·全国Ⅰ)There are three main types of cryptography.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”38 You might represent each letter with a number，for example.Let’s number the letters of the alphabet，in order，from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter，the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”答案 G(Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.)解析 考查运用语境进行推断的能力。前文已经介绍了一种设置密码的方式，这里又介绍了另一种。故选 G。G 项中的 another 也是解题的关键标志词。4．因果关系在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有 because(因为)，why(为什么)，as a result(结果……)，thus/therefore(因此)，so(因此)等。典例 (2013·全国Ⅱ)Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about. 54 .As far as we’re concerned，there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.Your audience can be your friends.答案 G(So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse)解析 本题可利用因果关系解题。空格前一句“Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about.(你的大脑装满了要谈的内容。)”表示原因，因而 G 选项中的so 在此表示结果，故选 G。5．递进关系递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。表示递进关系的连词有：also(也，而且)，further(而且，进一步地)，furthermore(而且，此外)，likewise(同样地，也，又)，4similarly(相似地，类似地)，moreover(而且，此外)，in addition(另外，加之)，what’s more(更重要的是)，too(也，还)，either(也)，neither(两者都不)，not only.but also.(不但……而且……)等。典例 (2016·全国Ⅱ)Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)． 38 .However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.答案 E(Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants)解析 本题可利用递进关系来解。本段前两句提出有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心少用水少用废料。本句仍然在说明人们对园艺的不同看法。故 E 项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”表示“递进” ，与上下文一致，也是人们对于园艺的观点，故答案选E。技巧二 从词汇线索上判断1．代词英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。典例 (2016·全国Ⅲ)Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh. 39 答案 A(Do not buy it.)解析 A 项中的 it 指代的是前句中的 the fish，此句是对上文的一个总结，根据因果关系，故选 A 项。2．同义词/近义词英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都是特殊的同义/近义词。典例 (2016·全国Ⅲ)There are many common methods used to cook fish. 40 First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料)．Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then，it’s ready to serve.答案 B(The easiest is to steam it.)5解析 根据空前内容可知此处应填做鱼的方法，再结合后文中的“a steam pot”可知，B选项符合语境。技巧三 从试题位置上判断1．问题在段首假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。典例 (2015·全国Ⅰ)• 39 If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”．At some point in all of our lives，we’ll have our trust tested or violated.答案 C(Stop regarding yourself as the victim.)解析 考查综合分析能力。通读本段可知其大意是：一旦遭到背叛，你不成为客观环境的受害者，但作为一名受害者和以受害者的身份去生活是不同的。所选答案应当包含关键词victim。由此可知答案为 C。2．问题在段尾所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。分析其与前文是转折还是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如 therefore，as a result，thus，hence，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word 等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。典例 (2016·北京)So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well，even 200,000 years ago，too much risk­taking could get one killed.A few daring survived，though，along with a few stay­in­the­cave types.As a result，humans developed a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing，or maybe you hate it. 73 答案 A(It all depends on your character.)6解析 空格前第二句中出现 character types 与 A 选项中的 character 相对应；空格前一句中的 you 与选项中的 your 在人称上保持一致；空格前一句中的动词 love 与 hate 和 A 选项中的 depends on 对应，故选 A 项。第一步 通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义，如果它是文章的主题句，就可以使读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开，并对文章的写作主题有个整体的了解。如果末句不是主题句，则需要继续寻找。这时，可以考虑文章的写作方式是否为“结尾总结”式，如两者均可排除，则需在文章中其他段落寻找主题句，但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。第二步 详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词，明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主题进行不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词。在阅读文章的开始部分、明确文章的基本话题以后，要阅读五个空各自的前后句，并将前后句中的解题线索，即关键词标记下来。关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组(如带有形容词的名词词组)、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应基本清楚了。第三步 定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论在内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。一篇文章作为一个整体，是有其写作的线索与思路的，在选项定位中，要尤其注意文章的写作线索，文章的写作思路的连贯使文章的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体。如果带入选项后，发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾，应更换其他选项。第四步 通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理，各段落内容7是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，仔细甄别，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。第五步 确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。尽管答案都已经确定，但是为了避免失误，对多余的选项进行进一步的研究，确定它们和文章的主题和前后句意没有关联性之后，才是最终的结果。1模拟演练（一）ASave Your Time，Money and Stress withSavvy Rental Car StrategiesRenting a car can be expensive，confusing，and stressful—but it doesn’t have to be.Here are several helpful strategies to save money，time，and stress on your next (and every) car rental.Sign Up for Loyalty ProgramsRental car loyalty programs are free to join，so register for any programs you might use in the future.My favorite car rental loyalty program benefit is that I can skip the counter and head right to my reserved car.Some programs allow members to choose a car from the available pool. 1 Optimize Your StrategyDo you really need a rental car from the airport？For instance，if your flight arrives at night，take a free hotel shuttle and pick up your car the next day.The car rental location might even be at your hotel or can pick you up (or deliver the car to you)． 2 3 For a city trip，you may not even need a rental car.Research whether mass transit，taxi，Uber，bike rental，and other transportation methods will suffice.Parking charges at downtown hotels may cost more than your car rental rate，so it may be doubly in your favor to give up a rental car.In some locations，a bike might be more efficient and economical than a car.Search for Specials4 In conjunction with your personal discount code，you may also find a last­minute rate，free rental day，or other promotion.My favorite annual travel deal is driving a car one­way out of Florida after Spring Break with rates as low as 1 per day.Consider Alternative Rental OptionsMajor car rental companies might have an associated discount brand at your rental location，like Firefly for Hertz. 5 An independent or smaller local agency may fit your needs；like A1 or Lucky Owl in Honolulu.Many people prefer to check rates on Hotwire and Priceline，especially for last­minute rentals.A．Rental rates are likely lower away from the airport，plus you might save the 2cost of an entire rental day.B．I use discount­finding websites to track my car reservations.C．Smaller brands，like Thrifty and Fox，might offer better service and lower rates.D．In addition to saving time and offering freedom of choice，loyalty members earn points and receive special promotions.E．Check car rental company websites for current specials.F．Skip the CarG．Use a Bike语 篇 解 读 本 文 是 一 篇 说 明 文 ， 介 绍 了 为 了 节 省 时 间 、 金 钱 和 减 轻 压 力 我 们 可 以 考 虑 租 车 。1．答案 D解析 上文中的“skip the counter and head right to my reserved car”与选项 D中的saving time对应；前一句中的“choose a car from the available pool”与选项 D中的offering freedom of choice对应，故选 D项。2．答案 A解析 本段所讲述的是在机场租车的好处，故选 A。3．答案 F解析 由下文中的“.you may not even need a rental car.”及下文介绍的其他交通方式和租车的弊端，可推知选 F。4．答案 E解析 根据本段的标题 Search for Specials可知本段讲述的是寻找一些特殊的待遇，故选E。5．答案 C解析 本段标题是“Consider Alternative Rental Options” 。第一句提到了一些大品牌，因此接下来应该讲一些小的品牌。C 选项符合这一要求，而且与下一句为顺承关系。故选C。BHow to Help a Teenager Make Good DecisionsHabitually poor decision­making is actually common in teenagers.Naturally，such a habit makes parent­teen cooperation difficult，especially when a parent wants his teen to do what a “responsible adolescent” would do.A poor decision­making teenager can never run away from his responsibilities. 6 •Distinguish real problems from acts of pure “teenagerism”．Teens often 3make poor decisions simply because they don’t have the experiences.By making small and harmless mistakes，like a recently­developed habit of careless consuming，a teen learns good decision­making skills on his own via self­correction. 7 Don’t think the teen is making bad decisions just to challenge you.It’s more likely it is out of a real inability to determine what’s best for him.• 8 Tell your teen you understand his decisions while simply emphasizing that you don’t have to agree with his decisions or treat his views as valid.By not judging his opinions，tastes or style，you are opening the road for better communication and problem solving opportunities.•Set clear expectations. 9 For example，if your teen refuses to study for his math final because “math is pointless， ” explain that you expect him to perform well in school，even in the “pointless” classes.Because you’ve already tolerated his opinion without trying to change his viewpoint，you two can easily agree that math isn’t so useful，yet avoid saying ‘Let’s just give up on math，then.’ ”•Find a middle ground.Trade insignificant freedoms，such as clothing style for the promise that he’ll live up to academic and family responsibilities. 10 Not only does giving up a bit of control solve many conflicts，but the extra freedom you give him can also improve his decision­making.A．Show tolerance.B．Learn to solve problems.C．Point out your expectations and his responsibilities.D．If your teen could realize it，allow him to be himself.E．A responsible adolescent must have role models to learn from.F．Therefore，it’s important to guide them with problem­solving strategies.G．Next time，he’ll be more likely to think twice before making his buying decision.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了怎样帮助青少年做出好的决策。由于青少年缺乏经验，要敢于犯错；设置清晰的目标，给他们更多的自由空间以使他们可以凭借自己的判断行事。6．答案 F解析 空格上一句介绍了习惯性的错误决定使父母和孩子之间的合作变得困难，青少年也不4可避免地要承担责任。因此，最后一句应为总结句，而且接下来几段给出了一些解决策略，故选 F。7．答案 G解析 由空前的一句“通过犯小的错误，像最近养成的粗心消费的习惯，青少年通过自我纠正可以学会做正确的决策技巧。 ”及选项 G“下次，在做购买决定前他肯定会再三考虑” ，可知两句是顺承关系，故选 G。8．答案 A解析 此句为开头句，总领本段，本段大意为家长要学会理解孩子，因此，毫无疑问，开头句应是要求父母有足够的耐心。故选 A。9．答案 C解析 前句“Set clear expectations.”提到了期望目标，因此后一句应承接上一句指出expectations and responsibilities。故选 C。10．答案 D解析 本段主要讲的是父母要多给孩子自主的空间并学会承担责任，同时由 freedom一词可以判断出本题应填 D。CPeople，like all living things，need food.Food gives us the nutrients our bodies need. 11 Energy is needed to carry out the life processes.Our bodies cannot use the nutrients or energy in food unless the food is changed.The changing of food into a form the body can use is called digestion.What does digestion do？ 12 Digestion also changes the chemicals of food.It changes large，complex food molecules(微粒) into smaller，simpler ones.13 Digestion takes place in the digestive tract.The digestive tract is a long，winding tube in your body.If stretched out，the digestive tract would be more than 9 meters(30 feet) long.What are the parts of the digestive tract？The parts of the digestive tract are：the mouth，the food pipe，the stomach，the small intestine(肠)，and the large intestine.There are many organs along the digestive tracts， such as the liver. 14 The digestive tract and the other digestive organs make up your digestive system.Food enters the body through the mouth.Waste materials(undigested food) leave the body through the anus(肛门)．The anus is at the end of the large intestine.Digestion is a step­by­step process. 15 It takes food from one to two days 5to pass through the entire digestive tract.A．It also gives us energy.B．It does not take place quickly.C．Where does digestion take place?D．Does the food also give us much strength?E．Digestion breaks down large pieces of food into smaller pieces.F．These organs are not part of the digestive tract，but they help in digestion.G．Although they don’t belong to the digestive tract，they help us fight diseases.语 篇 解 读 本 文 是 一 篇 说 明 文 。 讲 述 了 食 物 消 化 的 过 程 及 功 能 。11．答案 A解析 根据上一句“Food gives us the nutrients our bodies need.”及空后的“Energy is needed.”可知选 A项。12．答案 E解析 根据上一句“What does digestion do？”及空后的“Digestion also.” ，可知选E。13．答案 C解析 根据下一句“Digestion takes place in the digestive tract.”知选 C项。14．答案 F解析 根据上一句“There are many organs along the digestive tracts，such as the liver.”及 F项中的“These organs” ，可知选 F。15．答案 B解析 根据上一句“Digestion is a step­by­step process.”及 B项中的“.does not take place quickly”可知选 B项。DThe key to losing weight is to understand what really motivates you.Have you ever been excited about losing a few pounds？ 16 And to help you keep your weight under control，you need some coping strategies.Ask questions.When you’re researching different dieting products and plans or even talking to a doctor about diets，ask as many questions as you can. 17 Ask questions like：Do I have to purchase special meals or supplements？Does the program include a part to help me maintain my weight loss?Get real. 18 Don’t burden yourself with unrealistic expectations.Remember，large amounts of weight loss are not realistic and are 6most likely not safe or healthy.Talk with your health care professional to determine a healthy weight goal.19 To maintain your weight，you must balance your intake of calories with the energy you burn.Just 30 minutes of fast walking in most days can take about 10 pounds off your weight each year.Weigh yourself weekly.It’s important to track your weight on any diet or weight loss plan，but don’t get on the scale every day.Weighing daily won’t show you the big picture. 20 A．Stay balanced.B．Once a week is fine.C．Stick with your healthy eating plan.D．Losing one to two pounds a week is a realistic goal.E．Being well informed will help you choose the best diet for you.F．Regular weight check­ins will show you your progress over time.G．If so，you must find a way to turn that excitement into determination.语 篇 解 读 本 文 就 “减 肥 ”提 出 了 几 点 建 议 。16．答案 G解析 根据空前一句“你曾经因为减掉几磅肉而激动吗？”可知，G 项“如果那样的话，你必须想办法把激动变成决心”承接上文，符合语境。17．答案 E解析 本段讲要进行详细的咨询。空前一句提到要尽可能多问问题，E 项“熟悉情况有助于你为自己选择最好的饮食方案”承接上文，符合语境。18．答案 D解析 本段讲要制订现实的目标。根据空后一句“不要用不现实的目标给自己增加负担”可知，D 项“每周减掉一至两磅肉是现实的目标”引出下文，符合语境。19．答案 A解析 根据下文的“To maintain your weight，you must balance your intake of calories with the energy you burn.”可知，本段讲的是摄入与消耗的热量要均衡。A 项“保持均衡”统领本段，符合语境。20．答案 B解析 根据本段第一句“每周称体重”和空前一句“天天称体重不会有什么大变化”可知，B项“一周称一次即可”承接上文，与本段首句对应，符合语境。