2017高考英语 易错词汇解析（打包21套）.zip

12017 高考英语易错词汇解析：alive，living 与 live 的区别alive，living 与 live 的区别三者均可表示“活着的”，区别如下：1. alive 主要用作表语(有时可用作后置定语，但不用作前置定语)，可用于人或动物。如：He must be still alive. 他一定还活着。He‘s the happiest man alive. 他世上最幸福的人。注：若 alive 本身有修饰语，则也可用作前置定语。如：He is a really alive student. 他的确是一个十分活跃的学生。2. living 可用作表语或定语，可用于人或物。如：Are your grandparents still living? 你的祖父母还健在吗?Both plants and animals are living things. 动物和植物都是生物。alive 和 living 表示“活着的”，两者含义很接近，只要句法适合，有时可互换。如：谁是当代最伟大的诗人?正：Who is the greatest living poet?正：Who is the greatest poet alive?若需严格区分，两者仍有差别：living 通常是客观描述某人“尚在人间”或“健在”，而 alive 则主要指生与死的“界限”。如：He was still alive when I reached the hospital. 当我赶到医院时他还活着。3. live 通常只用作定语(前置)，可用于动物或植物，但一般不用于人。如：He bought some live fish. 他买了几条活鱼。Only a few live trees were left after the fire. 火灾之后只剩下几棵树还活着。21as if 用法举例辨析It seems that / as if .用法举例辨析此句型实质上是“主+系+表”结构。其中 it 是人称代词，并无实意，指的是某种情况，seems 为系动词，that / as if 引导表语从句。一、It seems that …表示“看起来……”。强调根据一定的事实所得出的一种接近于实际情况的判断，可以说表示事实。(可以转换成“名词或代词 + seem +动词不定式”句型，其意不变，如果动词不定式为 to be + 形容词时，to be 往往省略。)It seems that it is more difficult for women to get to the top of the company. 妇女似乎更难提升到公司的最高职位。It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. (No one seems to know what has happened in the park.) 似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。It seems to me that he has known everything. (He seems to have known everything) 在我看来他似乎什么事都知道了。It seems to me that Mr. White will not come again. 依我看，怀特先生不会再来了。It seems that she is happy. 她似乎很高兴。It seems that he likes his new job. 他看起来很喜欢他的新工作。It seems that they don't like the idea. 他们似乎不喜欢这个主意。It seems that he is lying.看来他在撒谎。二、It seems as if .也表示“看起来……，似乎……”。使用该句型表示可能：若从句表示的是很可能实现的事情，从句谓语用陈述语气;若从句表示的是与事实相反的假设或实现的可能性很小的事情时，则从句谓语要用虚拟语气。1、从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气来表示所设想的事情不真实或不可能发生/存在。It seems as if she had read this novel.看来她好像看过这本小说。It seems as if it were autumn. 现在仿佛是秋天似的。It seems as if it were spring already. 似乎春天已经来了。It seems as if he knew everything. 好像他什么都知道似的。It seems as if she had been to England. 好像她到过英国似的。It seems as if they had never seen each other before. 仿佛他们以前从未见过面。It seems as if he were in a dream.看来他像是在做梦。It seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all he knew at this last lesson.这个好心人仿佛要在最后这一堂课上把他的全部知识教给我们。2、如果可能性很大则用陈述语气，或者句中的情况可能发生或可能被设想为真实，则仍然用陈述语气。It seems as if our team is going to win.看来我们队要胜了。It seems as if he has learned by heart a speech written by someone else.看来他像是背了一篇由别人写的演讲稿。It seems as if he has been at the scene of the crime 似乎他好像在犯罪现场。2It seems as if it is going to rain. (It seems to rain) 看来天要下雨了。It seems that she is ill. 她似乎病了。It seems that it is going to rain. 仿佛天要下雨。It seems as if Ken will win the race. 看上去肯好像能赢。It seems as if our team is going to win. 看来我们队要胜了。3、as if 还可用于其它动词之后或省略句中。(as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。)She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。You look as if you didn’t care. 你看上去好像并不在乎。He talks as if he knew where she was. 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone. 那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。It looks as if it might snow. 看来好像要下雪了。Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something. 汤姆举起手好像要说什么。She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry. 她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。He acts as if (he were) a fool. 他做事像个傻子。12017 高考英语易错词汇解析：besides，but 用法辨析besides，but，except 的用法辨析1. 基本区别三者都可表示“除外”，但 besides 表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之外，还有……”;而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有……”。如：Besides his wife，his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。Nobody went to see him except ks5ubut] his wife. 除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。注：在否定句中，besides 也表示“除……之外不再有…… ”，与 but， except 同义。如：No one passed the exam besides ks5uexcept] Jim. 除吉姆外，没一个人通过考试。2. 关于 but 与 except(1) 两者都可表示“除……外不再有……”，但含义上略有差别：but 侧重指意义的几乎完整性，而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分。比较：All are here but one. 除一个人都到了。All are here except one. 还有一个人没到。(2) 在现代英语中，but 的介词用法十分有限，一般说来，它只能用在下列词语之后：① no， no one， nobody， nothing， nowhere 等② any， anyone， anybody， anything， anywhere 等③ every， everyone， everybody， everything， everywhere 等④ all， none 等⑤ who， what， where 等Everyone knows it but you. 除你之外大家都知道。I haven't told anybody but you. 除你之外，我没告诉任何人。No one but he ks5uhim] showed much interest in it. 除他之外没有一个人对此有很大兴趣。一般说来，若没有出现上述词汇，就不宜使用介词 but， 否则可能造成错句。但是 except 却没有以上限制。比较：正：The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外，这扇窗户从不打开。误：The window is never opened but in summer.(3) but 一定不能用于句首，except 通常不用于句首：除我之外每个人都累了。2正：Everyone is tired but (except) me.正：Everyone but (except) me is tired.误：But (Except) me， everyone is tired.注：except for 可用于句首，表示 except 的意思：正：Except for me， everyone is tired.3. 关于 except 与 except for：except 主要用来谈论同类的东西，而 except for 则主要用来谈论不同类的东西，有时含有惋惜之意。如：All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。注：若用于句首，则 except for 与 except 同义(但 except 通常不用于句首)。4. 关于 except for 与 but for：except for 主要表示排除，but for 主要表示一种虚拟条件(与虚拟语气连用)。如：Except for me， everyone passed the exam. 除了我之外，大家都通过了考试。But for my help， she would not have passed the exam. 若不是我的帮助，她就不会通过考试。But for the atmosphere plants would die. 如果没有大气，植物就会死亡。5. besides 的其他用法besides 除用作介词外，还用作副词，其意为“此外”、“而且”，可用于分句句首(通常用逗号隔开)或句尾。如：I don't want to go; besides， I'm too tired. 我不想去，而且我也太累了。This car belongs to Smith， and he has two others besides. 这部车是史密斯的，此外他还有两部。312017 高考英语易错词汇解析：cost，spend 用法区别cost，spend，take 的用法区别一、根据主语辨析虽然三者均可表示“花费”，但所用主语不同：cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it)，不能是人;spend 的主语只能是人，不能是事或物;take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it)，也可以是人。如：The computer cost (me) $2000. 这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元。It costs $1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花 1000 美元。I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天找你。It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时。The letter took me an hour (to write)。 (译文同上)I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)注：若 cost 不是表示“花费”，而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”，则也可用人作主语。如：Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。二、根据宾语辨析cost 的宾语通常是钱，take 的宾语通常是时间，而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如：How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。注：cost 有时也用于时间，但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如：Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。按传统语法，take 的宾语通常是时间，但在现代英语中，用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如：It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。三、根据句型辨析从句型结构来看。三者的通常句型为：sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱sb spends time (money) in ks5uon] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱2sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做sb takes time (money) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事四、根据语态辨析三者在表示“花费”时，cost 不能用于被动语态，take 通常不用于被动语态，而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如：误：Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.误：Two hours was taken to do the work.正：Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。五、根据引申义辨析三者均可用于比喻用法中，但含义不同：1. cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如：Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。Just ring him up. It‘ll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话，这不费什么事。2. spend 表示“消耗”“用完”。如：I‘ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。3. take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如：It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。 It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。12017 高考英语易错词汇解析：either.or 用法either.or 和 neither.nor 的用法区别一、either……or……either……or……意为“或者……或者……;不是……就是……“之意。表示两者之一，连接句子中两个并列的成分。例如：When the girl is happy， she either sings or dances.那个女孩高兴时，不是唱就是跳。(此句中 either……or……连接两个动词，因为主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词要用其相应的形式。)either……or……连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“就近原则“.例如：Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 明天要么你去那里，要么我去那里。注意：如果把上句变成一般疑问句，助动词形式与主语 you 保持一致，所以要用 are提问，而不是 am.例如：Are either you or I going there tomorrow? 明天是你还是我去那里?Either you or he has lunch at school. 其一般疑问句应为：Do either you or he have lunch at school? 是你还是他在学校吃午饭?若要对 either……or……句型进行否定时，只需把 either……or……换成neither……nor……即可。例如：Either you or she is good at drawing. 变为否定句应为：Neither you nor she is good at drawing. 你和她都不擅长绘画。我们还可以单独使用 either，其意为“两者中的任何一个“.例如：There are many shops on either side of the street. 街道两边有许多商店。或：There are many shops on both sides of the street. 在街道两边有许多商店。either 用在否定句的句末，表示“也“的意思。例如：If you don\'t go there. I won\'t， either. 如果你不去那里，我也不去。二、neither……nor……neither……nor……表示“既不……也不……“.其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。例如：She likes neither butter nor cheese.她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。此句中neither……nor……连接两个宾语。当 neither……nor……连接两个主语时，也应遵循“就近原则“.例如：Neither dad nor mum is at home today. 今天父母都不在家。若将 neither……nor……句型变为肯定句，只需把 neither……nor……改为both……and……即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。例如：Both dad and mum are at home today. 今天父母都在家。还可以单独使用 neither 作主语，表示“两者中没有一个“.例如：2Neither of them likes football. 他们俩都不喜欢足球。neither 或 nor 还有另外一种用法，就是当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事时，可用 neither 或 nor 进行简略回答，其结构为：Neither / Nor+助动词 / 情态动词 / be 动词+主语。例如：He doesn\'t go to school by bike. Neither / Nor do I. 他不是骑自行车上学，我也不是。They didn\'t go to the park yesterday. Neither / Nor did we. 昨天他们没去公园，我们也没去。ks5u 更多例句]either you come in person ，or you entrust someone with the matter 你要么自己来，要么就托人办理这件事 in a position like this one can neither stand up nor lie down 处在这样的位置，一个人既不能站直，也不能躺倒You can come either on Monday or Sunday. You can speak either English or hinese Either you are mad， or I am (要么你疯了，要么我疯了I can neither speak nor write French =Neither can I speak French nor can I write itYou can come either on Monday or on Tuesday.you or I am going swimming tomorrow. I can neither read nor write=I can't read or write.It is neither hot nor cold in winter here. 这里冬天既不热也不冷。There is neither river nor stream nearby. 附近既无河流也没小溪。He does not do it， nor does he try. 他没有做， 也没尝试一下。She can't get there at four， nor can I. 她不能在四点钟到那里， 我也不能。He doesn't like sports， nor do I .12017 高考英语易错词汇解析：especially，specially 用法especially，specially，particularly 用法辨异一、强调程度时当用于形容词或副词前，强调程度(通常译为“特别”)时，三者都可用。如：It is particularly ks5uespecially，specially] cold today. 今天特别冷。I was feeling particularly ks5uespecially， specially] tired this evening. 今天晚上我特别累。有时还可修饰动词。如：I especially ks5uparticularly， specially] want to see that film. 我特别想看那部电影。二、强调目的时当用于强调目的(意为“特意”，“专门”)时，通常用 specially 或 especially，一般与表目的的不定式或介词 for 短语连用。如：I was asked specially to meet her. 特意要我去接她。We bought it specially ks5uespecially] for you. 这是我们特意为你买的。The book is written especially ks5uspecially] for children. 这本书是专门为孩子们写的。三、表示列举时当用于陈述某一事实之后，列举一个具有代表性的例子作进一步强调时，一般用 especially，有时也用 particularly，其后可接名词、介词短语、从句等。如：We want to invite some friends， especially Jim and John. 我们想邀请几个朋友，尤其是吉姆和约翰。Noise is unpleasant，especially when you‘re trying to sleep. 噪音是令人不愉快的，尤其是当你想入睡的时候。The children enjoyed watching the animals，especially ks5uparticularly] the monkeys. 孩子们喜欢观看动物，尤其是猴子。12017 高考英语易错词汇解析：neither 的用法neither…nor…的用法neither…nor…，其意为“既不…也不…”、“…和…都不”：I have neither time nor money. 我既无时间又无钱。I neither smoke nor drink. 我既不抽烟也不喝酒。He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对所发生的事不闻不问。This is neither my fault nor yours. 这既不怪我，也不怪你。「注」通常应连接两个相同性质的句子成分，但有时后一成分可能省略与前一成分相同的词。若连接两个成分作主语，其谓语通常与靠近的主语保持一致：Mary neither likes maths nor (likes) history. 玛丽既不喜欢数学也不喜欢历史。Neither Jim and Jack was at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家。但在非正式文体中也可一律用复数：Neither Jim and Jack were at home. 吉姆和杰克都不在家。12017 高考英语易错词汇解析：nobody 与 none 用法区别no one，nobody 与 none 的用法区别1、no one=nobody，两者均只能指人不指物，其后通常不接 of 短语，作主语时谓语用单数;而 none 既可指人也可指物，其后通常接 of 短语，用作主语时，若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指可数名词，则谓语可用单数(较正式)也可用复数(用于非正式文体)：No one ks5uNobody] likes it. 没人喜欢它。None of the food was left. 一点食物都没留下。None of the books is ks5uare] interesting. 没有一本书有趣。2、none 往往暗示有一定的范围(这种范围通常就表现在其后的 of 短语上)，而 no one 或 nobody 则不暗示这种范围(同时也不接表范围的 of 短语)。比较：“Did any of your friends come to see you?” “None.” “你的朋友当中有谁来看过你吗?” “一个也没来。”(None 为 None of my friends 之略)“Did anyone come to see you?”“No one.” “有人来看过你吗?”“谁也没来。”3、none 有时暗示一种数量，即指数量上“一个也没有”，而 no one 或 nobody 则往往表示一种全面否定，即指“谁都没有”，所以在回答 how many 或 how much 的提问时，通常用 none，而在回答 who 的提问时，通常用 no one 或 nobody.12017 高考英语易错词汇解析：no more than 用法no more than 及其相似结构用法归纳一、no more than 与 not more than1. no more than 的意思是“仅仅”“只有”“最多不超过”，强调少。如：This test takes no more than thirty minutes. 这个测验只要 30 分钟。The pub was no more than half full. 该酒吧的上座率最多不超过五成。For thirty years， he had done no more than he (had) needed to. 30 年来，他只干了他需要干的工作。2. not more than 为 more than (多于)的否定式，其意为“不多于”“不超过”。如：Not more than 10 guests came to her birthday party. 来参加她的生日宴会的客人不超过十人。比较：She has no more than three hats. 她只有 3 顶帽子。(太少了)She has not more than three hats. 她至多有 3 顶帽子。(也许不到 3 顶帽子)I have no more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱最多不过 5 元。(言其少)I have not more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱不多于 5 元。(也许不到 5 元)二、no more……than 与 not more……than1. no more……than 表示对两者都否定，意为“同……一样不”(=neither……nor……)。如：He is no more a writer than a painter. 他既不是画家，也不是作家。(=He is neither a painter nor a writer.)He‘s no more able to read Spanish than I am. 他和我都读不懂西班牙语。(=Neither he nor I am able to read Spanish.)I know no more Spanish than I know Greek. 我对西班牙语和希腊语同样都不懂。(=I know neither Spanish nor Greek.)2. not more……than 指两者都具有某种特征，但是程度不同，意为“不如”“不及”(= not so…… as)。如：She is not more clever than he is. 她不如他聪明。(=She is not so clever as he is.)This book is not more difficult than that one. 这本书不及那本书难。(This book is not so difficult as that one.)三、no less than 与 not less than1. no less than 的意思是“多达”“有……之多”，强调多，与 no more than 意思相反。如：He made no less than ￡500. 他赚了多达 500 英镑的钱。2He paid no less than $10，000 for it. 他为此付了一万多美元。No less than 50 people offered to buy it. 至少有 50 个人提出要买它。No less than 50 passengers got killed in the train accident yesterday. 死于昨天火车车祸的旅客有 50 人之多。My father， no less than I， is a baseball fan. 我的父亲不亚于我，也是个棒球迷。2. not less than 为 less than(少于)的否定式，其意为“不少于”“不下于”“至少”。如：He has not less than 10，000 dollars. 他至少有一万元。Not less than 500 people attended the meeting. 参加会议的至少 500 人。比较：He has no less than seven daughters. 他有 7 个女儿之多。He has not less than seven daughters. 他至少有 7 个女儿。12017高考英语易错词汇解析：表示去过某地的词汇have been to 和 have gone to的区别两者均可后接地点，前者表示去过某地，通常可与表示次数的状语连用;后者表示到某地去了，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。如：1. have been to 用例：He has been to Paris three times. 他去过巴黎三次。 They have been to the zoo. 他们到动物园去了。The children have gone to play in the park. 孩子们到公园玩耍去。2. have gone to 用例：He has gone to Paris. 他去巴黎了。 Everyone has gone home. 大家都回家去了。He has gone to see her uncle. 他去看他叔了。She has gone to the cinema with her boyfriend. 她与男朋友看电影去了。12017 高考英语易错词汇解析：some times 用法区别sometime,sometimes,some time,some times 用法区别sometime(1)副词：某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。如：① Would you come to the cinema with me， sometime? 赏脸找个时间和我看场电影吗?(将来)② We‘ll take our holiday sometime in August. 我们会在八月找个时间度假。(将来)③ I bought this sometime last summer. 这是我在上个夏天买的。(过去)④ This mansion was built sometime around 1980. 这栋大厦是 1980 年左右建的。(过去)(2)形容词：前，过去的。意思类似 former.① This is our sometime general manager.这是我们的前任总经理。② Our sometime classmate， Rose， is now a pop star. 我们以前的同学罗斯，现在是明星了。sometimes 副词：有时候。顺便提一下，at times 也是“有时”的意思。① Every man is a fool sometimes， and none at all times. 每个人有时都会犯傻，但没有谁会一直都傻。② I sometimes have letters from him. 有时我会收到他的来信。some time 某段时间。常与 for 连用。① We plan to stay in Hainan for some time. 我们打算在海南呆上一段时间。② I will keep the computer for some time， so you can use it.这部电脑我会留着一段时间，你可以用。some times 几次。several times 也可以表示“几次”，但比 some times 较确定。time 作可数名词时可作“次数”解;表示“时间”时是不可数名词。① I am sure that we have met some times before.我肯定我们之前见过几次了。② The newly bought microwave oven failed to work some times.新买的微波炉坏了几次了。