1、CET 4 Writing by HOU Yingying,评分标准,时间分配写作: 时间共30分钟， 审题构思 - 3分钟 拟定提纲 - 5分钟 正文写作 - 20分钟 检查修改 - 2分钟,存在问题,1. 内容贫乏，知识面窄，想象不丰富。 2. 文章结构紊乱，句与句之间、段与 段之间缺乏逻辑关系，中心不突出。 3. 语言不地道，文章中满是汉语式、 翻译式的句子，且句型单调。 4. 语言贫乏，缺乏美感，没有吸引力。,HOW TO CORRECT A PAPER?,三一致：主谓一致;时态一致;人称一致；两不能： 不能串句， 不能断句,(2) 写作流程 第一段：简单介绍某一现象或事物。 第二段：
2、分析某一观点或事物的正反两面，或比较两种不同的观点或事物。 第三段：得出结论，或提出自己的看法。 或者 第一段：简单提及某一现象或事物，并分析该现象或事物的好处。 第二段：分析该现象或事物的利弊。 第三段：得出结论，或提出自己的看法。,对比选择型,(3) 真题分析 2006年1月大学英语四级考试真题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? You should wr
3、ite at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 名校校园正成为旅游新热点 2. 校园是否对游客开放，人们看法不同 3. 我认为.,对比选择型,【范文】Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?(1) Nowadays, many well-known university campuses in China have become popular tourist attractions. During holidays, large numbers of touri
4、sts can be seen on university campuses, particularly, Peking University and TsingHua University.,对比选择型,(1)开篇自然，引出焦点问题,(2) Should the university campus be open to tourists? Peoples opinions vary from one to another. (3) Some maintain that opening university campuses to tourists can not only increase
5、universitys financial income but also provide young students a good opportunity to know the university so that they can be encouraged to study harder to realize their dreams. (3) While others argue that opening university campuses to tourists may ruin both their natural and academic environment.,(2)
6、过渡句，承上启下 (3)分别论述支持和反对的观点及理由,(4) As far as I am concerned, university campuses should not be open for profit as tourist attractions, because it is a place for study and research, not for tourism. Its purity and beauty will be destroyed if it becomes a profitable organization. (4) However, I think uni
7、versity is a property for the whole society so that it can be open to individual visitors so long as the visit does not disturb its order.,(4)表明自己的观点，because原因状语从句引出理由；so that, so long as的使用使句式更为多样,(4) 参考模板【模板一】When it comes to the issue of , different people have different opinions. (进一步介绍这种现象或观点).
8、Some people think that . They hold this opinion because (they think) . Others, however, take a negative / positive attitude to . (Others, nevertheless, are more pessimistic / optimistic about it). From their point of view, . Besides, . In my opinion /Personally /From my point view /If asked my attit
9、ude, I am more in favor of . I stand in / hold this attitude /opinion / view because . Its true that , but it doesnt mean that . Therefore / In a word/ In short, . Instead, we should .,对比选择型,(4) 参考模板【模板二】Nowadays, wherever you go, you will hear people talk about . Whether you like it or not, it had
10、become a part of our life. Generally, it is believed that there are several advantages with . Firstly, . Whats more . But every coin has two sides, and is no exception. There are also some disadvantages with . To begin with . Beside, . And most important of all, .But all in all, . Therefore, we shou
11、ld .,对比选择型,(1) 特点及写作要求 现象阐释型的作文通常先指明一种现象或提出一种观点，然后对这一现象或观点进行解释，最后得出结论或发表个人见解。 (2) 写作流程 第一段：简要描述某一现象或观点。 第二段：具体阐释现象或观点的正确性或危害性等。 第三段：表明自己的态度或看法。 或者 第一段：简单描述某一现象或观点。 第二段：具体阐述引起这种现象的或持有这种观点考虑的主 要因素。 第三段：对现象或者观点进行评价。,现象阐释型,(3) 真题分析 2006年6月大学英语四级考试真题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes
12、to write a composition on the topic of students selecting their lecturers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 1. 有些大学允许学生自主选择某些课程的任课老师 2. 学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素 3. 学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题,现象阐释型,【范文】On Students Selecting Lecturers(1)At present, in some colleges and
13、 universities, students are allowed to select lectures on their own. (2)It may someday become the main trend when people give more priority to academic freedom.(3)Students would take three major elements into consideration when making selections. (4)First of all, they will take lecturers teaching st
14、yles into account. Teaching styles to students taste would help them learn more efficiently. (4)Moreover, most students tend to choose lecturers with more experience, because such teachers tend to know more about how to stimulate and inspire students and will help them master their subjects with mor
15、e ease. (4)Last, students also put emphasis on the lecturers academic background. From their perspective, teachers with higher academic degrees may provide more enlightening suggestions.,现象阐释型,(1)开门见山，直击主题 (2)提出该现象的发展趋势,(3)揭示学生选任课老师的考虑因素,(4)论述有力有序，更具说服力,【范文】On Students Selecting Lecturers(5) Everyth
16、ing has both positive and negative aspects, and students selecting lectures is of no exception. (6)It encourages students to be actively involved in the teaching process, and at the meantime, spurs teachers to improve their teaching quality. (6)However, it is possible that some students would choose
17、 lectures blindly without due guidance. And it is not uncommon that some teachers employ some abnormal devices to attract more students, such as promising higher marks or more “freedom” of attendance.,现象阐释型,(5)承上启下，引出益处和问题 (6)分别论述益处和问题，有条理：动词encourage和spur引出两大益处；however引出问题所在,真题分析 2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题
18、 Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该,现象阐释型,【范文】 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Indepen
19、dent? (1) Nowadays, theres an increasing number of household in China that has an only one child.（2）Most of parents Love and care for children so much that children has less chances to deal with problems by themselves. （3）Consequently, children get used to depending on their parents in everything an
20、d lack of ability to solve problems independently, which is bad for their growing.,现象阐释型,(1) (2)开门见山，直击主题,(3)提出该现象的潜在的问题,（4）There are some effective ways for parents to help their children be independent. To start with, parents should give their children more chances to experience the world and life
21、 around them. Thus their children can enhance the capability to overcome the difficulties and handle problems independently. In addition, parents should offer enough assistance when their children need some instructions and advices. In this way, they depend on their parents in a right way and can so
22、lve problems independently when they face the same one next time. Last but not least, parents should allow their children to make decisions independently. Children would improve the ability to deal with the problems they are confronted with in their life.,现象阐释型,Topic sentence 提出解决问题的方法,论述有力有序，层次分明，具
23、说服力。,(5) From the above discussion, I strongly believe that parent should help their children be independent by instructing them in a proper way rather than planning and considering everything for them. Its children who decide their future and fate, so it would be beneficial for them to live indepen
24、dently with some proper instructions of their parents.,现象阐释型,结合“我的观点”，突出问题解决的途径，强化主题。,参考模板【模板一】 In recent years, （描写现状或趋势）. This has caused a lot of problems.First, （结果1）. For example, （细 节，说明结果1）. Second, （结果2）. （细 节，说明结果2）. Finally, （结果3）. （细 节，说明结果3）. Since is such a serious problem, we should ta
25、ke effective measures to . First, we should （措 施1）. Besides, （措施2）. And finally, （措 施3）.,现象阐释型,参考模板【模板二】 At present/ In recent years/ Nowadays, (描写现状 或趋势). It may someday become the main trend when ( 进一步描述这一现象或观点).Three major elements/factors would be taken into consideration when (doing sth.). Firs
26、t of all, ( 主要因素1). Moreover, (主要因素2). Last, ( 主要因素3). From their perspective, .Everything has both positive and negative aspects, and ( 这种现象或观点) is of no exception. (这种现象或 观点的正确性). However, (这种观点或现象的危害性).,现象阐释型,参考模板【模板三】In recent days, we have to face a problem _, which is becoming more and more se
27、rious. _ (说明A的现状)。Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, _ (解决方法一). For another _ (解决方法二). Finally, _ (解决方法三)。Personally, I believe that _ (我的解决方法). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because _ (带来的好处)。,
28、现象阐释型,(1) 特点及写作要求原因解释型作文的重点在于探讨产生某一社会现象或问题的原因。近十年来，原因阐释型议论文在四级考试中出现的并不多。 (2) 写作流程 第一段：对某一社会现象进行描述。 第二段：阐释产生这一社会现象的原因。 第三段：发表个人看法，或提出解决思路。,原因解释型,(3) 真题分析 大学英语四级考试真题 Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least
29、 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese. 1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象 2. 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实,原因解释型,【范文】It Pays to Be Honest(1) What is honesty? Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair and upright in act. (2) Regarded as a virtue, it is admired in every country and every culture. (2)The on
30、e who lies and cheats is dishonest. Dishonesty is generally looked upon as an evil, and is despised and condemned by everyone.(3) From the mass media and also with our own eyes, we know that dishonest behavior exists in our society. For example, students copy one anothers homework or download illici
31、t paper from Internet to cheat their teachers; businessmen sell fake products to cheat their customers; and even worse there are medical persons who produce fake medicine harming the patients.,原因解释型,(1)一问一答得出honesty的定义，点题 (2)从正反两方面进一步阐述文章主题,(3)举例说明社会上存在的一些不诚实行为,【范文】It Pays to Be Honest(4) However, t
32、hose people may succeed for a time, but sooner or later, they will bring them nothing but troubles. (5) As an English proverb goes, “Honesty is the best policy.” (5) For one thing, if you want to be trusted and respected by your friends, you must be honest. A liar is always looked down upon and avoi
33、ded by the people around him. (5) For another, if you want to succeed in your work, the first qualification you should have is honesty. (6) Therefore, whatever your aim is, you must work honestly to attain it.,原因解释型,(4)通过however一词转折引入文章主题“为什么做人应该诚实”,(5)以一句名谚语及for one thing, for another两个短语说明原因 (6)进一
34、步强化主题，即不论要达到什么目的，必须通过诚实的方法获得,(4) 参考模板【模板一】 Nowadays, we often hear that （提出现象）. This phenomenon is not accidental, and there is social and individual background. Why ? For one thing, （原因1）. For another, （原因2）. For instance, （举 例说明）. From that, we .As far as I am concerned, I agree that . I think tha
35、t （作者本人的观点）. . 第三段或为：We should take measures to . First, （措施1）. Second, （措施2）. Finally, （措施3）.,原因解释型,(4) 参考模板【模板二】 As is known to all, _. People seem to get Accustomed to _. In fact, _.The reason lies in several aspects. Firstly, _. Secondly, _. Thirdly, _. Finally,_.As a matter of fact, _. On the o
36、ne hand, _. On the other hand, _. Therefore,_.,原因解释型,(1) 特点及写作要求问题解决型的作文通常先说明情况，提出问题，随后提出解决方法或处理方式，最后给予评价。 (2) 写作流程第一段：描述现状、形势、提出问题。 第二段：提出解决问题的方法。 第三段：简要评价提及的方法，或选择其中一、两种自己认为合适的方法并说明理由。,问题解决型,(3) 真题分析 大学英语四级考试真题 Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topi
37、c How to Succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 面试在求职过程中的作用 2. 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是,问题解决型,【范文】How to Succeed in a Job Interview(1) Nowadays, great importance has been attached to inte
38、rviews by both the employer and the job-hunter. (2) On the one hand, the interviewer can take advantage of the occasion to learn about the candidates, such as their work experience, education and their personalities, so as to pick out the right person. (2) On the other hand, the interviewee can make
39、 use of the opportunity to know the job, including salary, working conditions and opportunities for future development.(3)Therefore, the job interview is very important to a job-hunter. But how can we succeed in it? (4) Firstly, dress properly and neatly since the first impression is one of the keys
40、 to success. (4) Secondly，behave politely and confidently. Dont be too proud, and neither too shy. Show your expertise and abilities to the employer with respect and confidence. (4) Last but not the least, the interviewee ought to be honest about his or her personal as well as academic background, f
41、or honesty is the best policy.,(1)提出问题，点题，指出面试的重要性 (2)从interviewer与interviewee两方面阐述面试在求职过程中的作用，为引出文章主题做铺垫,(4)分层次解释取得面试成功的三大因素，“last but not the least”意为“最后，但同样重要的是”,问题解决型,(3)Therefore承上启下，but提出主题,【范文】 How to Succeed in a Job Interview(5) To sum up, the job interview is really important, but there is
42、 no need to be nervous. (5) As long as you have the ability for the job and put the above principles into practice, you will most probably succeed in it.,(5) “to sum up”引出总结，“as long as”句型引出建议，语言简练，连接紧凑,问题解决型,(4) 参考模板【模板一】 Nowadays, great importance has been attached to （目 前的现象及存在的问题）. Many ways can
43、 contribute to (要解决的问题), but the following ones may be effective.First of all, （方法1）. Besides, （方 法2）.Finally, （方法3）.In conclusion/ To sum up, the ways I have mentioned above should never be separated from each other. （希 望）.,问题解决型,(4) 参考模板【模板二】 With the _ of _, _. So its of great importance for us t
44、o _. On the one hand, _. On the other hand,_. However, we have figure out many ways to/ As is known to all, there are many ways _. Firstly, _. So long as _. Secondly, _. Thirdly, _. In fact/ So its high time for us to, _. That is because _. In a word, _.,问题解决型,Directions: Youre allowed 30 minutes to
45、 write a short essay entitled Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will by commenting on the humorous saying, “Quitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of time.” Youd write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Outlines: 1. 坚强的意志是成功的重要保证。2. 意志坚定的人才能完成伟大的使命。3. 学生
46、也是这样，不刻苦学习，终究不会成为有用之才,2011年12月大学英语CET-Writing,话题是成功与毅力之间的关系，考生对此比较熟悉，难度不大。 写好这篇作文，需要抓住两点， 一是紧跟题目要求，即对上述幽默性的话语做出评论， 二是在评论的基础上要亮出自己的观点。,2011年12月大学英语CET-Writing,Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will As we have read from above, quitting-smoking seems easy, but in reality it is rarely achieved. There is
47、 something provoking and interesting in this paradox, just because sword does not wear the stone as dripping water does.范文开头第一句即一针见血地对上述幽默性话语做出总结性概括，即戒烟看似简单实则很难，随后指出该话语本质上是一个悖论，并且以一个“水滴石穿”的俗语来指出困难所在，这句也是本文的一个亮点（西方俗语方面丰富的知识储备）。,2011年12月大学英语CET-Writing,一针见血地对上述幽默性话语做出总结性概括,引用“水滴石穿”的俗语,Sample 1,The abi
48、lity to do something over and over again in a short time may imply its easiness, but in a long run, a lifetime maybe, things turn out to be quite the opposite. Also, as is often the case, one may have obtained all the tools and opportunities to achieve something, but in the end they still fail due to the will shortage. 第二段进一步深入分析该话语，指出做某事在短期看来很容易，长期来看，恰恰相反，人们做事的结果也因此总是失败，原因则在最后一句点出：缺乏毅力。,
