1、Unit1,Great scientists,characteristics radiumpainteranalyse,n. 特征; 特性 n. 镭 n. 画家; 油漆匠 vt. 分析,Words preview,put forwarddraw a conclusion,提出 得出结论,There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world. Can you name some of them? What kind of role do they play in the field of science
2、? Match the inventions with their inventors below before you answer all these questions.,What do you know about great scientists? Try this quiz and find out who knows the most.,阿基米德 (Archimedes),Who discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?,1. Archimedes, Ancie
3、nt Greek (287-212 BC), a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object.,Charles Darwin,Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed
4、as the environment changed?,2. Charles Darwin, British (1808 - 1882) The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. At the time it was published it was very controversial. Many people believed the Bible wh
5、en it said that God made the first two people (Adam and Eve) and that all other people came from these two.,Darwins book showed that people had developed from apes instead. So this caused a lot of argument between religious and scientific people. However Darwins idea became very influential and is s
6、till accepted today.,Who invented the first steam engine?,Thomas Newcomen,3. Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729) He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s
7、 turning it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.,Gregor Mendel,Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?,4. Gregor Mendel, Czech (1822- 1884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity(遗传学) and inherited (继承, 承传) charact
8、eristics. He concentrated (集中精力) on cross-fertilizing (施肥) pea plants and analyzing the results. Between1856- 1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants.,He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance (承传的规则). The first is that inheritance factors do not combine
9、 but are passed to the next generation intact (完整的). Second, he found that each partner gives half the inherited factors to the young.,Third, some of these factors show up in the offspring (子孙) (and so are dominant显性的). The other factors are masked by the dominant ones (and so are recessive隐性的).,Mar
10、ie Curie,Who discovered radium?,5. Marie Curie, Polish and French (1867-1934) She was born in Poland and came to study in France in 1891 and she lived there for the rest of her life. In 1898 she discovered radium. She received two Nobel prizes, one ( with Pierre Curie ) for physics (1903) and one fo
11、r chemistry (1911).,She is the only person to have been so honored. On the death of her husband she took over his job at the Sorbonne in Paris. Her work on radioactivity and the discovery of radium meant that she began a new scientific area of research.,She was the first woman to receive a Nobel Pri
12、ze and the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne (索邦神学院:巴 黎大学前身).,Who invented the way of giving electricity to everyone in large cities?,Thomas Edison,6. Thomas Edison, American (1847- 1931) He was already an inventor of other electrical devices ( phonograph电唱机, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he
13、designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendous achievement, which had previously been thought impossible.,Leonardo da Vinci,Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?,7. Leonardo da Vinci, Italian (14
14、52- 1519) He was a famous artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possible.,Some of his famous paintings include “The Adoration of the Magi“ and “The Last Supper“. Later in his l
15、ife he lived in France where he designed a submarine and a flying machine.,Sir Humphry Davy,Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?,8. Sir Humphry Davy, British (1778- 1829) He did research into different gases and discovered the medicinal value of nitrous oxide(一氧化二氮) (or laughing gas)
16、 as an anaesthetic(麻醉剂). In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners.,Previously there had been many accidents when candles on the miners helmets had exploded when it came into contact with underground gas from the coal the miners were digging. The safety helmet made working underground very much
17、safer.,Zhang Heng,Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?,地动仪,9. Zhang Heng, Chinese (78- 139) He invented the first seismograph(测震仪、地震仪) to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder(圆筒形) with eight dragonheads round the top
18、, each with a ball in its mouth.,Around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragons head. When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragons mouth, making a noise.,Stephen Hawking,Who put forward a theory about Black Hole?,10. Stephen Hawking, British (1942-) He has worked in astro
19、nomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well.,This may mark the beginning of new galaxies. This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes “eat” everything they come ac
20、ross.,What other great scientists do you know? What are they known for?,Galileo Galilei Benjamin Franklin Newton Copernicus Albert Einstein,the theory of falling objects,lightning,the law of gravity,heliocentric theory,Scientists Contributions,the theory of relativity,The quotes below are from some
21、famous scientists. Do you know their meanings?,Imagination is more important than knowledge.,“想象力比知识更重要。”,Albert Einstein,Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.,“天才就是百分之九十九的汗水加上百分之一的灵感。”,Thomas Alva Edison,Marie Curie,Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be
22、 understood.,“生活中没有什么可怕的东西,只需要理解的东西。”,It takes a very unusual mind to undertake analysis of the obvious.,Alfred North Whitehead,“分析明显存在的事物需要非凡 的头脑。”,You cannot teach a man anything; you can only help him find it within himself.,“你不可能把一切都教给一个人, 你只能帮助他从内心去发现事物。”,Galileo Galilei,What makes a scientist successful?,strong will， imagination， creativity， patience， persistence， carefulness， curiosity,Have a rest!,
