2019版高考英语一轮复习 Unit 1 Great scientists（课件+试题）（打包25套）新人教版必修5.zip

1Unit 1 Great scientists1 课文与语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。John Snow,a well-known doctor in London,became 1 (inspire)when he thought about helping ordinary people who 2 (expose)to cholera,a 3 (dead)disease of its day.Many thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak 4 no one knew the cause of it.John wanted to help solve the problem. He got interested in two theories 5 (explain)how cholera killed people.He believed in the second theory 6 suggested that people 7 (absorb)the disease into their bodies with their meals.In 1854,when 8 outbreak hit London,he was ready to test the two theories. 9 the help of the map he made,he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was 10 (blame). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 2 课文与短文改错根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。文中共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。Persuasive writing is about change somebody else’s point of view. When you are doing this kinds of writing, you must always had some evidence to support your idea. To make 2this more easier, you can held discussions with your family and friends. Giving your ideas and reasons to them whenever you are making choices. You may both argue with them or try to persuade them. Then you will find that easier to do your persuasive writing.Besides, when you are writing, do not forget plan your work and put your ideas in a logical order.3 话题知识与写作Ⅰ.根据提示翻译下列句子。1.我的语文老师怀特先生对我要求很严格。 (be strict with)2.他经常提出问题让我在课上回答。(put forward)3.此外, 他还建议我在学完课文后得出自己的结论。 (conclusion)4.我从阅读中吸收了很多在课上学不到的知识。(absorb)5.每次我遇到困难想放弃的时候, 他总是鼓励我不要放弃。(every time)6.他经常说:“只有勇敢面对挑战,才能获得成功。”(achieve)Ⅱ.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。3答案精解精析1.课文与语法填空1.inspired 2.were exposed 3.deadly 4.because5.explaining 6.that 7.absorbed 8.another9.With 10.to blame 2.课文与短文改错Persuasive writing is about① somebody else’s point of view. When you are 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔doing this ② of writing, you must always ③ some evidence to support your idea. 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑠𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑑 ℎ𝑎𝑑ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒To make this ④more easier, you can ⑤ discussions with your family and friends.⑥ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑑ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑your ideas and reasons to them whenever you are making choices. You may both argue 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒with them⑦ try to persuade them. Then you will find⑧ easier to do your 𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑡persuasive writing. ⑨ , when you are writing, do not forget ⑩ plan your work and put your 𝐵𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠𝐻𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟 ∧𝑡𝑜ideas in a logical order. ①介词 about 后接名词、代词或动名词,故将 change 改为 changing。②this 后面接名词单数形式,故将 kinds 改为 kind。③must 后接动词原形,故将 had 改为 have。 ④easier 本身是比较级,而 more 用来构成多音节形容词的比较级。故将 more 去掉。 ⑤情态动词后应用动词原形。⑥此处考查祈使句,故将 Giving 改为 Give。 4⑦此处为 both.and.结构,故将 or 改为 and。 ⑧此处考查形式宾语,故将 that 改为 it。 ⑨根据下文可知,此处与上文构成转折关系,故将 Besides 改为 However。 ⑩表示“忘记要做某事”需用 forget to do sth.,故在 forget 后加 to。3.话题知识与写作Ⅰ.1.My Chinese teacher Mr. White is very strict with me.2.He often puts forward questions for me to answer in class. 3.Apart from this, he suggests I should draw my own conclusions after learning the text. 4.I have absorbed much knowledge from reading that can’t be learned from textbooks. 5.Every time I want to give up when meeting difficulties, he always encourages me not to. 6.He often says, “Only when you face challenges bravely can you achieve success.”Ⅱ.[参考范文]My Chinese teacher Mr. White is very strict with me, who often puts forward questions for me to answer in class. Apart from this, he suggests I should draw my own conclusions after learning the text. In this way, I have absorbed much knowledge from reading that can’t be learned from textbooks. In addition, every time I want to give up when meeting difficulties, he always encourages me not to. He often says, “Only when you face challenges bravely can you achieve success.”1Unit 1 Great scientistsⅠ.阅读理解(2017 河南鹤壁高级中学 9 月周练)Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit(轨道)of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems. However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆形).Then Halley set out to work. He figured out(计算出)the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by other scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart. It seemed very strange that three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought. He believed that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain to make a prediction(预言)of what would happen in the future. He predicted that this comet would appear in the year 21758.There would be 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet had been called Halley’s Comet in his honor.1.Edmund Halley discovered . A.some different comets appearing several timesB.the same comet appearing in different orbitsC.three different comets appearing in the same orbitD.several comets appearing at the same time2.Halley made his discovery . A.by doing experimentsB.by means of his own careful observationC.by using the observations of other scientistsD.by chance3.Halley made a surprising but correct prediction in the year . A.1704 B.1705 C.1706 D.17074.This passage in general is about . A.Halley and other scientistsB.the orbit of a cometC.Newton and HalleyD.Halley and his discoveryⅡ.七选五(2018 安徽合肥高三调研)How to Set GoalsWhether you have small dreams or high expectations, setting goals allows you to plan how you want to move through life. Some achievements can take a lifetime to attain, while others can be completed within a day. 1 ●Determine your life goals. Ask yourself some important questions about what you want in your life. What do you want to achieve today, in a year and in your lifetime? The 3answers to this question can be as general as“I want to be happy.”or“I want to help people.” 2 ●Set specific goals. Be specific and realistic about what it is that you want to achieve. Research shows that setting a specific goal makes you more likely to achieve it. 3 For example,“Be healthier.”is too big and vague to be a helpful goal.“I want to eat more vegetables, and I want to run a marathon.”is better. ●Write down your goals. Be detailed, be clear. 4 Keep your list in a place where you can get informed frequently. This will help keep you motivated. ● 5 You may have set your broad life goals, and then take your time to re-evaluate your smaller goals. Are you accomplishing them according to your timeline? Are they still necessary for keeping you on track for your larger life goals? Allow yourself the flexibility to make some small changes to your goals. A.Adjust your goals.B.Track and measure your progress.C.Having deadlines will keep you motivated.D.Consider what you hope to achieve in 10,15, and 20 years.E.Here are some important ideas that you may find helpful.F.Writing them down tends to make them look a little more real.G.Remember that you may need to turn large goals into smaller goals.Ⅲ.完形填空Every week or so, I buy a bouquet of fresh flowers for my wife. I don’t smoke or have any particular bad habits on which I need to 1 money. So I decided I would put my money to good use by bringing 2 of beauty to the one who brings beauty into my world. Just yesterday I 3 by the florist’s down the street and for the very first time I discovered a rock tree. The tree does not 4 rocks, although jokingly I told the florist I 5 knew until now where rocks came from. The approximately six-foot-tall tree had 6 hanging on four branches. Each was placed at four points as if to 7 balance. In fact the woman told me that is 8 to create balance. She read about it in an oriental Book . 4The tree was planted there 9 it died. It seemed to have little chance to 10 there. The Book said that 11 balancing the tree and weighting it down, it would have a better chance of survival. In recent months I have discovered the 12 principle also applies to our lives. Often at times the reason why we 13 in achieving our goals and dreams is that our lives are not balanced properly. 14 when you are considered as the person who works too much, everything else including your marriage and family life will15 . In my mind the four corners of a balanced and 16 life are as follows: spiritual, family, personal and professional. They are in fact in order of 17 . Just like the tree, when we learn to balance our lives, our roots grow 18 . When we open ourselves to the nourishment(营养), it 19 us with a balanced life and the fruits of our efforts are abundant in all four areas. Strong 20 help us to stand tall against the most destructive storms. 1.A.save B.cost C.waste D.make 2.A.something B.nothing C.anything D.everything3.A.wandered B.arrived C.left D.stopped4.A.bring B.bear C.become D.absorb5.A.always B.often C.already D.never6.A.rocks B.leaves C.notes D.branches7.A.find B.enjoy C.keep D.lose8.A.finally B.exactly C.luckily D.slowly9.A.when B.after C.until D.before10.A.play B.work C.survive D.rise11.A.by B.in C.with D.on12.A.next B.same C.other D.last 13.A.wait B.regret C.stay D.fail14.A.Especially B.Unlikely C.Strangely D.Specially15.A.happen B.change C.suffer D.appear 516.A.rich B.successful C.hard D.common17.A.safety B.difficulty C.interest D.importance18.A.stronger B.thinner C.higher D.farther19.A.includes B.protects C.provides D.prevents20.A.winds B.roots C.trees D.wishes答案精解精析Ⅰ.阅读理解[语篇解读] 本文为记叙文。文章介绍了哈雷和他发现哈雷彗星的过程。1.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段第四句可判断答案为 C。2.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made.可知,哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观察时得出的结论。故选 C。3.B 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Halley felt certain to make a prediction(预言)of what would happen in the future. He predicted that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There would be 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested.”可以推断哈雷做出这个预言的时间是 1705 年。故选 B。 4.D 主旨大意题。由全文可知文章介绍了哈雷和他发现哈雷彗星的过程。故选 D。Ⅱ.七选五6[语篇解读] 本文主要从四个方面介绍了如何设定目标:确定你的人生目标、设定具体的目标、把你的目标写下来、调整你的目标。1.E 第一段是总领部分,下面分成了四点详细说明,起总领作用的只有 E 项。 2.D 本段的主题是确定人生目标。D 项与这一主题呼应。故选 D。3.G 本段的主题是确定具体的目标。空格后举了把保持健康的大目标具体到小目标的例子,故选 G 项。4.F 由下文 Keep your list in a place where you can get informed frequently.可知上文肯定会提到把目标写下来。故选 F。 5.A 本段在讲要灵活调整、改变你的目标,与 A:Adjust your goals.相符。故选 A。Ⅲ.完形填空[语篇解读] 本文是记叙文。作者在花店见到一棵岩石树,发现岩石树的四根枝条都悬挂着石头以保持平衡,这样这棵树才能活下来。由此感悟人生也应该保持平衡,才能成功。1.C 根据上文“don’t smoke or have any particular bad habits”可判断作者不会在这些方面浪费(waste)钱,故选 C。2.A 我要把美丽的东西(something)带给为我的世界带来美丽的人。故选 A。3.D 就在昨天,我在街边的花店旁停住(stop), 第一次见到岩石树。4.B 树不会长出石头。bear(树)结果,符合题意。5.D 树不会长出石头,虽然我和花店主人开玩笑说,直到现在我才知道石头是从哪儿来的。6.A 这棵大约六英尺高的树的四根树枝上挂着石头(rocks)。7.C 根据第 8 题后面的“to create balance”可知,四根枝条分别挂着石头好像是为了保持平衡(keep balance)。故选 C。8.B 那位女士告诉我这正是(exactly)为了创造平衡。9.D 这棵树被栽在那儿的时候快死了。before 在……之前,符合题意。10.C 根据上下文可知当时那棵树能活下来(survive)的可能性很小。故选 C。11.A 通过让树平衡,使它负重,它或许还有机会活下来。by 表示通过某种方式。故选 A。12.B 此处表达“人树同理”。故选 B。13.D 有时候我们不能(fail)实现目标或梦想的原因在于我们的生活不平衡。故选 D。14.A 此处表示意义的递进。尤其(especially)是当你被看作是一个工作狂的时候。故选 A。15.C 承接上文,此处表示一切都会遭殃(suffer),包括你的婚姻和家庭。故选 C。716.B 根据第 19 题后面的 the fruits of our efforts are abundant 可知,平衡的、成功的(successful)人生包括四个要点:精神方面、家庭方面、个人方面和职业方面。故选 B。17.D 这四个要点是按重要性(importance)来排列的。故选 D。18.A 就像那棵树一样,我们要学会平衡我们的生活,那样我们的根才会更强壮(stronger)。故选 A。19.C 当我们敞开吸收营养的时候,它就会给予(provide)我们平衡的生活。我们的努力在这四个方面就会结出丰硕的果实。故选 C。20.B 根据第 18 题前的“our roots”可知,强壮的根能让我们高高耸立,抵御风暴。故选 B。1Unit 1 Great scientists基础知识默写篇一、分层单词写作词汇1. vt.照顾;护理;出席;参加 2. vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光 3. vt.打败;战胜;使受挫 n.失败4. vt.责备;谴责 n.过失;责备5. n.治愈;痊愈 vt.治愈;治疗6. vt.联系 7. n.柄;把手 vt.处理;操纵8. n.专家;行家 adj.熟练的;经验或知识丰富的9. n.挑战 vt.向……挑战10. vt.污染;弄脏 11. vt.宣布;通告 212. vt.贡献;捐助 阅读词汇1.analyse vt. 2.foresee vt. 3.certainty n. 4.movement n. 5.neighbourhood n. 6.characteristic n. 7.firework n. 8.positive adj. 9.scientific adj. 10.backward adv. 弄脏→ n. 污染→ adj. 被污染的 2. vt.推断出→ n. 结论;结束 3. vt.吸收;吸引;使专心→ adj.十分吸引人的 4. vt. 宣布;通告→ n. 宣布;通告 5. vt.命令;指示;教导→ n.命令;指示 6. vt.贡献;捐助→ n. 贡献;捐款 7. adj. 有责任的;负责的→ n. 责任 8. vt. 拒绝;不接受;抛弃→ n. 拒绝 9. adj.严重的;剧烈的;严厉的→ adv. 严格地;严重地;严厉地 10. n.挑战 vt.向……挑战→ adj.挑战性的 二、高频短语1. 提出 2. 得出结论 3. 使显露;暴露 34. 将……和……联系或连接起来 5. make sense 6. apart from 7. be strict with. 8. be to blame for 三、经典句型1.Neither its cause (它的治疗也不)was understood. 2.So many thousands of terrified people died (每次)there was an outbreak. 3.In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak (如此严重以至于)more than 500 people died in ten days. 4. (只有)you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 5.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system (行星绕着它转)and only the moon still going round the earth. 基础知识运用篇一、语境词汇运用(一)词汇拼写(注意单词或短语的形式变化)1.With the help of the coach, we have (打败)them in the football match. 2.In (结论), I like being praised, but I know sometimes it’s not always good. 3.If (暴露)to very loud music every day, young people may risk going deaf. 4.When (连接) to the subway, the city will be easy to get access to. 5.It was (宣布) that our team took first place. 6.With the development of science and technology, the surrounding villages have been (吸收) by the growing city. 7.From what they had said, we (得出结论)that we should pay more attention to the natural environment. 8.In the meeting, we (提出)some advice on how to improve our work. 9.The managing director (受责备) for the accident, although it was not really his fault. 410. (除了)their house in London, they also have a villa in Spai n. 11.If you are a teacher, you should (对……要求严格)every student. 12.Look, your computer has broken down again!It doesn’t (有意义)to buy the cheapest brand of computers just to save a few dollars. 13.The video cameras (被和……连接起来) a powerful computer now. 14.Embarrassing details of their private life (被暴露给……)the public last week. (二)单句填空1.The river is and noise is another kind of serious here. (pollute) 2.The (announce) of their marriage will appear in the local newspaper next week. 3.The writer personally contributed ￡5,000 to the earthquake fund. All the (contribute) will be gratefully received. 4.I was bored with my job and felt I needed a new challenge. Last week I got a new job in a big firm, and I found it very (challenge). 5.You must read the (instruct) before taking the medicine. 6.In spite of the large-scale (construct) of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement. 二、经典句型仿写1.这个周末,汤姆和他的父母都不打算去看电影。(neither.nor.)are going to see the film this weekend. 2.每次我去拜访他,他总是在忙着做家庭作业。(every time), he is always busy with his homework. 3.我们做得非常好,以至于被邀请与我们学校所有的学生分享我们的想法和经历。(so.that.)We to share our idea and experience with all the students of our school. 4.随着英语单词在媒体和日常生活中的普及,一本汉语词典已收录了 239 个英文单词。(with 复合结构)in both media and daily life, a Chinese dictionary has included 239 of them. 5答案精解精析基础知识默写篇一、分层单词写作词汇1.attend 2.expose 3.defeat 4.blame 5.cure 6.link7.handle 8.expert 9.challenge 10.pollute11.announce 12.contribute阅读词汇1.分析 2.预见;预知 3.确信;确实 4.移动;运动;动作 5.附近;邻近 6.特征;特性 7.烟火(燃放) 8.积极的;肯定的;确实的 9.科学的 10.向后地(的);相反地(的);退步地(的) 11.热情的;热心的 12.小心的;谨慎的拓展词汇1.pollute;pollution;polluted 2.conclude;conclusion 3.absorb;absorbing 4.announce;announcement 5.instruct;instruction6.contribute;contribution 7.responsible;responsibility 8.reject;rejection9.severe;severely 10.challenge;challenging 二、高频短语1.put forward 2.draw a conclusion 3.expose.to.4.link.to. 5.讲得通;有意义 6.除……之外;此外 7.对……严格8.该为……受责备;应为……承担责任6三、经典句型1.nor its cure 2.every time 3.was so severe that4.Only if 5.with the planets going round it基础知识运用篇一、语境词汇运用(一)词汇拼写1.defeated 2.conclusion 3.exposed 4.linked 5.announced 6.absorbed 7.drew an conclusion 8.put forward 9.was to blame 10.Apart from 11.be strict with 12.make sense13.are linked to 14.were exposed to(二)单句填空 1.polluted;pollution 2.announcement 3.contributions 4.challenging5.instructions 6.construction二、经典句型仿写1.Neither Tom nor his parents 2.Every time I call on him3.did so well that we were invited 4.With English words getting popular