1、Urinary Tract Tumors 2%-3% of all cancers in adults. The most common malignant tumor of the kidney is renal cell carcinoma. followed in frequency by nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) and by primary tumors of the calyces and pelvis. Tumors of the lower urinary tract are about twice as common as renal cell
2、 carcinomas. Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) are derived from the renal tubular epithelium. located predominantly in the cortex. 2%-3% of all cancers in adults. 80%-85% of all primary malignant tumors of the kidney. 30,000 cases per year. 40% of patients die of the disease. 6th-7th decades. M:F 2:1 Predi
3、sposing factors 1- smoking 2- hypertension 3- obesity 4- occupational exposure to cadmium. Smokers who are exposed to cadmium have a particularly high incidence of renal cell carcinomas. 5- chronic dialysis thus, its absence may lead to increased angiogenesis and tumor growth is autosomal dominant a
4、nd is characterized by predisposition to a variety of neoplasms: 1- hemangioblastomas of the cerebellum and retinal angiomas. 2- bilateral renal cysts 3- bilateral triggers local immune response Follow-up for recurrence with periodic cystoscopy and urine cytologic studies for the rest of their lives
5、. Radical cystectomy and chemotherapy for advanced casesPapillary urothelial carcinoma of ureter & renal pelvis 5% to 10% of primary renal tumors. Painless hematuria is the most characteristic feature of these lesions. Depending on critical location they produce pain in the costovertebral angle as h
6、ydronephrosis develops. Infiltration of the walls of the pelvis, calyces, and renal vein worsens the prognosis. Despite removal of the tumor by nephrectomy, fewer than 50% of patients survive for 5 years. Cancer of the ureter is fortunately the rarest of the tumors of the collecting system. The 5-year survival rate is less than 10%. The cut surfaces of the kidney demonstrate normal cortex and medulla, but the calyces show focal papillary tumor masses of transitional cell carcinoma.
