1、重庆大学硕士学位论文平遥古建筑大木构件装饰研究姓名：焦洋申请学位级别：硕士专业：建筑历史与理论指导教师：吴叶红20060501重庆大学硕士学位论文 II英文摘要 IIIABSTRACT Pingyao is officially approved by the State Council as one of the National Historical & Cultural Cities. “One City, Two Temples” in Pingyao are the outstanding world cultural relics. Pingyao ancient architec
2、ture has leaped over about one thousand years, which cover a rich variety of high cultural value. Pingyao takes dominant share with 5 nationally nominated major cultural relics sites for protection , several provincially nominated sites and a large number of nominated sites by the county government
3、which spread all over the county. Wanfodian of Zhenguo temple which was built in the 7th year of Tianhui in the Northern Han Dynasty (963 A.D.), has the marked Tang style, and was commended by Pro. LiangSicheng as “ the most valuable and rare building in the Five Dynasty period”. Dacheng Hall of Con
4、fucian temple built in the 3rd year of Da-Ding in the Jin Dynasty (1163 A.D.) is the most ancient Dacheng Hall still exited in China. The special construction method of using big oblique beams instead of partial brackets to support the girders of Dacheng hall are really something creative and was re
5、garded as the overture of the “brief and unsophisticated method of wooden structure” in the subsequent era. The structure of “suspension girders and pendent columns” adopted in Dragon and Tiger Hall of Qingxuguan was unique and with high research value. Most buildings in Shuanglin temple were built
6、in the Ming Dynasty and possess the customary architectural style of the Ming Dynasty, while the Xiandian of Chenghuang temple and Yuelou of Wu temple showed the splendid and prosperous style of the Qing Dynasty. “The combination of structure and ornament” is one of the significant features of Chine
7、se ancient architecture. Wooden structure components as the main structural members of Chinese architecture are also endowed with the ornamental meaning. The ornamentation embodied in the wooden structure components which have taken on widely different looks covers three main aspects as listed below
8、: First, the cut and polish of the wooden structure components bestowed them with ornamental meaning. Second, the methods of a series of wooden structure components are deemed being of some ornamental meanings. Third, the colored drawings on the wooden structure components also have some ornamental
9、effects. In this thesis, the wooden structure components of Pingyao ancient buildings being the object of study, analysis and probe about ornamentation of the object was made to seek the deep value of “structural 重庆大学硕士学位论文 IVornament” . Based on the detailed investigation of Pingyao ancient buildin
10、gs, four steps were made in this thesis to study the ornamentation embodied in the wooden structure components. First, from the perceptual angle, preliminary analyses were made about the wooden structure components which helped to create the space atmosphere. Subsequently from the objective angle ac
11、curate analyses were made about the conditions of ornamentation embodied in the wooden structure components in the main valuable buildings. Next, based on the achievement of the two parts above, more deep research were launched from the two aspects: times features and regional features. On one hand,
12、 showed its evolution of each era, on the other hand, discussed the distinctive local features of “upholding classical style”. Through the step-by-step and gradually study will help to get the whole view of the development of ornamentation embodied in the wooden structure components of Pingyao ancie
13、nt buildings, and further effectively explore and inherit the “structural ornament” which was commended as the unique achievements of Chinese ancient buildings. Keywords: Pingyao ancient architecture, wooden structure component, ornamentation， evolution of each era, local features 图表目录 IX图表目录 1 绪论 图
14、1.1宋代木构假想图1 图1.2宋代木构立面图2 图1.3翼形栱的装饰效果3 图1.4几种装饰类型的综合应用4 图1.5暴露木构件的装饰效果6 图1.6平遥城楼7 图1.7平遥古城景色8 图1.8古风浓厚的平遥县衙仪门9 2 研究对象背景概述 图2.1平遥古城13 图2.2平遥县位置14 图2.3日升昌票号15 图2.4平遥角楼15 图2.5平遥城墙16 图2.6平遥城墙16 图2.7平遥城楼17 图2.8镇国寺入口18 图2.9镇国寺18 图2.10双林寺鸟瞰18 图2.11双林寺平面图18 图2.12文庙19 图2.13慈相寺正殿20 图2.14慈相寺20 图2.15清虚观入口21 图2.
15、16清虚观21 图2.17市楼南立面21 图2.18市楼22 3 平遥古建筑大木构件装饰与建筑空间氛围 图3.1万佛殿与大成殿外檐空间对比23 图3.2龙虎殿外檐空间氛围24 重庆大学硕士学位论文 X图3.3批竹昂营造的外檐空间氛围25 图3.4琴面昂营造的外檐空间氛围25 图3.5雀替纹样25 图3.6雀替纹样对于外檐空间氛围的营造26 图3.7偷心造对于外檐空间氛围的营造 27 图3.8计心造对于外檐空间氛围的营造28 图3.9斜面栱对于外檐空间氛围的营造28 图3.10城隍庙献殿额枋彩画营造的热烈氛围29 图3.11龙虎殿外檐栱眼壁彩画30 图3.12室内空间与佛像（万佛殿）30 图3.
16、13枋木表面隐刻与室内空间（万佛殿）31 图3.14栱头卷杀与室内空间细节（万佛殿）32 图3.15里泄用罗汉枋与翼形栱效果对比32 图3.16 雀替、合榙、丁华摸颏栱与室内空 间细节33 图3.17递角梁、 隐角梁做法与室内空间氛围34 图3.18“悬梁吊柱”与室内空间氛围34 图3.19脊槫铺作与室内空间氛围35 图3.20梁柎彩画营造的室内空间氛围36 图3.21栱眼壁彩画营造的室内空间氛围36 4 平遥古建筑大木构件装饰调查与分析 图4.1镇国寺鸟瞰37 图4.2万佛殿平面37 图4.3万佛殿南立面37 图4.4万佛殿柱头铺作38 图4.5万佛殿柱头铺作38 图4.6万佛殿柱头铺作（里
17、跳）38 图4.7万佛殿正面补间铺作39 图4.8万佛殿正面补间铺作（里跳）39 图4.9万佛殿转角铺作40 图4.10万佛殿室内梁架41 图4.11万佛殿横剖面图41 图4.12万佛殿彩画（清代）42 图4.13文庙大成殿43 图表目录 XI图4.14大成殿柱头铺作44 图4.15大成殿补间铺作45 图4.16大成殿转角铺作45 图4.17普拍枋与柱头卷杀（大成殿）46 图4.18镇国寺天王殿47 图4.19天王殿柱头铺作48 图4.20天王殿次间补间铺作48 图4.21天王殿当心间补间铺作48 图4.22天王殿当心间补间铺作（里跳）48 图4.23天王殿转角铺作49 图4.24天王殿室内梁
18、架49 图4.25清虚观龙虎殿50 图4.26龙虎殿柱头铺作51 图4.27龙虎殿补间铺作51 图4.28龙虎殿转角铺作52 图4.29龙虎殿室内梁架52 图4.30双林寺天王殿52 图4.31天王殿柱头铺作53 图4.32天王殿转角铺作53 图4.33双林寺大雄宝殿54 图4.34大雄宝殿柱头铺作55 图4.35大雄宝殿转角铺作56 图4.36大雄宝殿内檐转角铺作56 图4.37双林寺释迦殿57 图4.38城隍庙献殿57 图4.39献殿明间平身科58 图4.40献殿明间角科59 图4.41献殿次间平身科59 图4.42献殿梁架59 图4.43献殿彩画59 图4.44武庙乐楼61 图4.45乐楼明间平身科62 图4.46乐楼明间角科62 图4.47武庙正殿63 重庆大学硕士学位论文 XII图4.48武庙正殿斗栱
