1、of 16 session brought to adhere to people-oriented, all-round, coordinated and sustainable scientific development view, promoting economic and social and human development. The core of the scientific Outlook on development is people-oriented. Implement the scientific concept of development and first
2、 implementation of people-oriented requirements. Office of the Party Committee of this years work, we have to firmly establish the idea of people-oriented philosophy, richness of understanding the people-oriented, seriously implement people-oriented requirements correctly grasping the practice of pe
3、ople-oriented, through people-oriented “three services“ working process, pushing the city Party Committee Office work to a new level. Investee (b) investee by people-oriented, in the final analysis is centred, human premise, a human-powered, human purpose. People-oriented thinking long. As early as
4、the spring and Autumn period of more than 2000 years ago, Qi Guan Zhong: “overlord of the beginning, and people-oriented. Principle of the solid. “For thousands of years, traditional Chinese political culture there is a wide variety of people-oriented thought. Pan Gengs “people“ to the Duke of Zhous
5、 “protect“ and then to Confucius “man“, from his “your KingLight “to the idea of“ Grand boat water “and then to advocate since the Han and Tang dynasties“ nation “, these useful idea is, is the country of the people, political sources. The rulers of “people“, the “San Zhi bei yan“; the rulers of “th
6、in people“, then “died suddenly“. The West ever since the Renaissance, it is because of the rise of humanism, really started to self awareness, self discovery and self-reflection. Predecessors in criticism of Marx and Engels thought on the basis of the outcome of, according to the great discovery of
7、 historical materialism, reveals the true nature of human existence, the ideology was essential and strongly suggests, as provided. In 1894, the Engels from Marxs writings, singled out his favorite passage for the new century weekly solemn inscriptions: “there, the free development of each is the fr
8、ee development of all people“. In modern society, people-oriented thinking more and more attention. People generally regard it as a kind of economic and social development, a principle, a requirement, as a need to maintain the interest of the people of, a pursuit, a purpose. This idea was praised, w
9、ith the profound connotation and practical significance. Investee 1. people answering epistemological questions and answered the questions of methodology. People contains a profound philosophical, epistemological and methodological significance of science. Known as epistemology, refers to the theori
10、es on the relationship between knowledge and practice. In the view of Marx and Engels, “man is mans world, is the State, society, and history writers and characters. “In other words, the world is one world, society is human society. We know the society, starting from the people to observe; we know t
11、he practice, from the people to study; we knew Office work, from the people who set out to explore. Ignoring this, will she seekend to form a proper understanding. Methodology refers to methods of knowing the world, transforming the worlds theory. Historical materialism tells us that social developm
12、ent, leave is impossible; all social progress, leaving people unable to achieve. We do anything, must first of all take into account the human factor, to find ways to give full play to the initiative and human creativity, mobilizing peoples enthusiasm. This is the result of numerous historical pract
13、ice of most of the scientific method. Emperor Taizong“The world of excellence into my opponent“ and “Zhenguan rule“, Qing Zeng Guofan to “more aides for the first prerequisite“ Zhong XING Ming Chen, are insisting on methodology of successful models. Promoting the reform and development, construction
14、 of well-off, more demands that we as a people-oriented scientific method. We do work in the countryside, it is necessary to put farmers first we engage in State-owned enterprise reform, we must regard expanding employment as an important goal we created urban, optimization-Habitat environment must
15、be pursued. Promotion Office, too, only mans subject status, to achieve rapid development. Investee 2. people who responded to the question, and replied to questions depending on who. Who issues, is concerned with the problem of the ruling party; depending on who issues are questions relating to the
16、 source of power of the ruling party. Look at the trend of the world, throughout the ages, no partys fate was not to be dominated by people, no Albert is not driven by the people of a nation. Our party has always attached importance to people, caring for people, his people as the coldest winter, par
17、ents of people as their own, but there were also some in adhere to people-oriented bias, war “sufan expansion“ peacetime “cultural revolution“, has caused a great loss to the revolution and construction. Through history, our party proved that when people, caring for people, and along the way there i
18、s a powerful force; when to ignore peoples thinking, to ignore the interests and needs of the people, the partys cause will suffer setbacks. People-oriented, power for the people, this is the most fundamental rules governing laws, large and small, every aspect is also ruling is the most essential re
19、quirements. Set up the people-oriented concept of governance, requires us to establish the main position, everything for the masses, rely on the masses, and consciously do right for the people, show concern for the benefit of people and bring benefit to the people, real people as masters of the coun
20、try, construction of the main body and the cause of main. From this perspective, adhere to the people-oriented and that is power for the people is to uphold the mass viewpoint and the mass line of the party. Office work is serving the overall work of the party. Only around the service objects, servi
21、ce, relying on the service principal to the service in order to Shun Water push the boat, a long-term perspective, creating impressive performance. Investee 3. people responded to a question of values, again answering Outlook on questions. Values and Outlook are an organic unity, and Outlook宏观经济考试时间
22、：2013 年 1 月 15 日星期二晚上 7：00-9:00 ，主教 216.补充：宏观经济政策分析 2 的课件 里面思考题 1. 中国宏观经济内外失衡的主要表现，如何治理？(第一小组)首先，是投资过热而消费不足。2003 年以来，每年的固定资产投资增长率都在 25%左右，资本形成占国内生产总值的比重超过了 40%。而消费比例在 2001 年占国内生产总值的61.4%， 2006 年的比例则只有 50.0%。这使得 1997 年开始出现的产能过剩情形难以消除。其次，是这些年来每个阶段的投资都相对集中在少数几个领域，我把这种现象称之为“潮涌” 。2003 年、2004 年“潮涌”现象出现在汽车
23、、建材、房地产等领域，此后转移到电解铝、有色金属等行业。 “潮涌”容易造成产能出现严重过剩，同时产生银行呆坏账甚至有引发金融经济危机的风险。第三，从 1994 年开始，我国资本账户和经常项目就出现了双盈余，到如今一直如此，这种状况显然和一般发展中国家不同。而且这几年的盈余增速加快，仅 2007 年上半年我国外贸顺差就达到了近 1125.3 亿美元，大大超过去年同期 614.5 亿美元的规模。外汇储备的大量增加给人民币升值造成了压力，由此又很容易吸引热钱进入，推高国内的资产价格。内外失衡的现象体现在国内则是城乡差距一直在扩大。中国的城乡差距如今已经是全世界最大的了，世界平均是 1.81 ，而中国
24、 2006 年的数据是 3.31 。这一数据从 1978 年的 2.61 曾一度下降到 1984 年的 1.81 ，但之后就持续扩大了。最后就是资源、环境的压力在逐渐增大。去年我国的国内生产总值占全球总量的5.5%，但我们消耗了全球 15%的能源、30%的钢铁和 54%的水泥。世界银行报告认为，据保守估计，在上世纪 90 年代我国大气和水污染造成的损失约占国内生产总值的 8%，这种情形尚未根本好转。解决中国经济内外失衡的办法： 1.中长期的政策应以改革为先导，把保增长、扩内需与调结构有机结合起来一是要深化垄断行业的改革，放宽服务业的市场准入，引入竞争机制。对于加快金融、电信、铁路、公共事业、文
25、化、教育、卫生事业的发展，优化产业结构，提高第三产业的比重，增加服务业的就业岗位有非常重要的作用。现阶段，保增长主要是要保就业，而要增加就业岗位，主要是要发展第三产业。因为我们增加就业岗位主要靠第三产业，在可以放开市场的所有领域放开市场，引入竞争机制。二是要尽快推进金融体系的改革，包括要建立银行的存款保险制度。三是要深化财政体制改革，尽快实现向公共财政转移，要扩大消费改善民生，就要使财政尽快地从经济建设型财政向公共财政转型，逐步实现基本公共服务均等化。实施积极的财政政策，扩大财政支出，应该将大部分用于民生工程，增进人民群众，特别是低收入群体的福利，这对合理调整投资和消费结构也有重要意义。四是推
26、进政府改革，转变政府职能。五是调整不同社会阶层之间的收入结构，推进各项有助于提高中低收入者收入水平，要增加政府在提供公共物品和公共服务方面的财政支出，由此来逐步缩小公共物品和公共服务在城乡、地区、不同群体之间的分配差距。要降低个人所得税的税率，继续推动家电和电子产品、汽车等大规模、低价格进入农村市场，提高最低生活补助标准，建立廉租房等保障性住房的稳定性资金来源，建立对农民工失业的援助等等。六是改革规划体制。现在各个省市的规划在先，国家的规划在后，使得国家的规划对各省市的规划没有发挥指导作用，经济增长的指标常常大大高于国家指标。改革规划体制，of 16 session brought to ad
27、here to people-oriented, all-round, coordinated and sustainable scientific development view, promoting economic and social and human development. The core of the scientific Outlook on development is people-oriented. Implement the scientific concept of development and first implementation of people-o
28、riented requirements. Office of the Party Committee of this years work, we have to firmly establish the idea of people-oriented philosophy, richness of understanding the people-oriented, seriously implement people-oriented requirements correctly grasping the practice of people-oriented, through peop
29、le-oriented “three services“ working process, pushing the city Party Committee Office work to a new level. Investee (b) investee by people-oriented, in the final analysis is centred, human premise, a human-powered, human purpose. People-oriented thinking long. As early as the spring and Autumn perio
30、d of more than 2000 years ago, Qi Guan Zhong: “overlord of the beginning, and people-oriented. Principle of the solid. “For thousands of years, traditional Chinese political culture there is a wide variety of people-oriented thought. Pan Gengs “people“ to the Duke of Zhous “protect“ and then to Conf
31、ucius “man“, from his “your KingLight “to the idea of“ Grand boat water “and then to advocate since the Han and Tang dynasties“ nation “, these useful idea is, is the country of the people, political sources. The rulers of “people“, the “San Zhi bei yan“; the rulers of “thin people“, then “died sudd
32、enly“. The West ever since the Renaissance, it is because of the rise of humanism, really started to self awareness, self discovery and self-reflection. Predecessors in criticism of Marx and Engels thought on the basis of the outcome of, according to the great discovery of historical materialism, re
33、veals the true nature of human existence, the ideology was essential and strongly suggests, as provided. In 1894, the Engels from Marxs writings, singled out his favorite passage for the new century weekly solemn inscriptions: “there, the free development of each is the free development of all peopl
34、e“. In modern society, people-oriented thinking more and more attention. People generally regard it as a kind of economic and social development, a principle, a requirement, as a need to maintain the interest of the people of, a pursuit, a purpose. This idea was praised, with the profound connotatio
35、n and practical significance. Investee 1. people answering epistemological questions and answered the questions of methodology. People contains a profound philosophical, epistemological and methodological significance of science. Known as epistemology, refers to the theories on the relationship betw
36、een knowledge and practice. In the view of Marx and Engels, “man is mans world, is the State, society, and history writers and characters. “In other words, the world is one world, society is human society. We know the society, starting from the people to observe; we know the practice, from the peopl
37、e to study; we knew Office work, from the people who set out to explore. Ignoring this, will she seekend to form a proper understanding. Methodology refers to methods of knowing the world, transforming the worlds theory. Historical materialism tells us that social development, leave is impossible; a
38、ll social progress, leaving people unable to achieve. We do anything, must first of all take into account the human factor, to find ways to give full play to the initiative and human creativity, mobilizing peoples enthusiasm. This is the result of numerous historical practice of most of the scientif
39、ic method. Emperor Taizong“The world of excellence into my opponent“ and “Zhenguan rule“, Qing Zeng Guofan to “more aides for the first prerequisite“ Zhong XING Ming Chen, are insisting on methodology of successful models. Promoting the reform and development, construction of well-off, more demands
40、that we as a people-oriented scientific method. We do work in the countryside, it is necessary to put farmers first we engage in State-owned enterprise reform, we must regard expanding employment as an important goal we created urban, optimization-Habitat environment must be pursued. Promotion Offic
41、e, too, only mans subject status, to achieve rapid development. Investee 2. people who responded to the question, and replied to questions depending on who. Who issues, is concerned with the problem of the ruling party; depending on who issues are questions relating to the source of power of the rul
42、ing party. Look at the trend of the world, throughout the ages, no partys fate was not to be dominated by people, no Albert is not driven by the people of a nation. Our party has always attached importance to people, caring for people, his people as the coldest winter, parents of people as their own
43、, but there were also some in adhere to people-oriented bias, war “sufan expansion“ peacetime “cultural revolution“, has caused a great loss to the revolution and construction. Through history, our party proved that when people, caring for people, and along the way there is a powerful force; when to
44、 ignore peoples thinking, to ignore the interests and needs of the people, the partys cause will suffer setbacks. People-oriented, power for the people, this is the most fundamental rules governing laws, large and small, every aspect is also ruling is the most essential requirements. Set up the peop
45、le-oriented concept of governance, requires us to establish the main position, everything for the masses, rely on the masses, and consciously do right for the people, show concern for the benefit of people and bring benefit to the people, real people as masters of the country, construction of the ma
46、in body and the cause of main. From this perspective, adhere to the people-oriented and that is power for the people is to uphold the mass viewpoint and the mass line of the party. Office work is serving the overall work of the party. Only around the service objects, service, relying on the service
47、principal to the service in order to Shun Water push the boat, a long-term perspective, creating impressive performance. Investee 3. people responded to a question of values, again answering Outlook on questions. Values and Outlook are an organic unity, and Outlook先制定国家的规划，再制定各个省市的规划，使得地方规划和国家规划能够相衔
48、接，同时要强化人大对规划执行的监督，不要使规划成为一纸空文。2.短期政策安排着力于积蓄复苏的足够能量一是提高居民购买力。一些专家提出在经济萧条或筑底的过程中，要实现复苏，必须积蓄足够的能量。经济复苏不能仅仅依赖于投资和出口的增长，更要重视消费的增加。为此必须增加居民购买力。购买力的增长既依赖于工资水平和政府转移支付的增加，更依赖于物价水平的下降。因此，政府要利用各种可行的有效手段，增加居民的可支配收入和购买力，增加有效需求。例如减税、增加转移支付、建立和完善社会保障制度、医疗保障制度、教育制度。二是减少政府对市场价格的过度干预，放开产品价格。充分发挥市场机制的作用，特别是要允许产品价格下跌，这
49、是促进经济尽快复苏的首要条件。在经济萧条阶段，要大幅度增加居民的货币收入是不可能的，而价格下跌意味着居民实际购买力的增加。各级政府利用各种手段托举房地产价格的做法不利于居民购买力的增加，也不利于房地产市场的复苏。资源产品价格、要素价格及其他垄断行业的产品价格也有类似的情况。三是经济萧条阶段是进行结构调整的最好时期。一些专家提出在政府政策上要把救市和顺市而行结合起来。不是所有的下滑都可以救，属于金融泡沫的，实体经济产能过剩的，它会伴随着发达国家的金融去泡沫化、虚拟化而挤出“泡沫” ，同时中国也有去产能过剩化以及结构调整的问题。经济衰退和萧条的实质就是调整。只有经过充分调整，才能在优化产业结构的基础上步入下一周期的扩张阶段。调整应当包括：产品结构调整、产业结构调整、经济结构调整。既包括存量调整，也包括增量调整。这意味着应当允许大量企业倒闭破产，当然也会有大量新企业的诞生。四是出台新的产业政策。新的政策应当有利于产业结构的优化和升级，有利于技术进步，有利于改善环境，有利于经济增长方式的转换。对上一轮经济扩张期表现出的瓶颈产业，应当给以政策扶持，但必须建立在技术进步的基础之上，坚决淘汰落后产能。在转变经济增长方式方面不仅要做减法，在危机来的时候，市场竞争压力会迫使一些企业退出市场，这是当前需要做的事情，加强政府行政力度。同时还要做
