1、Unit2 Passive Infinitive,Lead-in导,Learning goals学习目标 掌握被动语态的各种时态 不定式的被动形式 主动表被动的情况,动词不定式可以在句中所做成份 （主语，宾语，定语，状语，表语，宾补) My dream is to be an actor _ His sister told him not to read in the sun _ Betty was the first student to pass the exam. _ I have a letter to write. _ He ran so fast as to catch the f
2、irst bus. _,表语,宾补,定语,定语,状语,1. My mother felt alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple. 2.My mother was alarmed when I had my hair coloured purple. 3. The window was broken by Tom,Thinking思Look at the sentences.,be,done,If they are caught, they could die _ (时态） 结构_+doneWhen it was finished, I ran a
3、ll the way to her house. _ _+done A computer center is being built for the students. _ _ +done All the broken doors have been repaired. _ _ +done We will be punished if we break the rule _ _+done These children should be taken good care of _ +done,一般现在时,am/is are,过去时,was/were,现在进行时,am/is/are+being,现
4、在完成时,have/has+been,将来时,Will be,Should(情态动词）+be,1.It is reported that a space station _ (build) on the moon in years to come. 2.The first railway in the world _ (design) in the last century . 3.Five units of this textbook _ (study) by the end of last term. 4.Look! A nice picture _ (draw) by our teach
5、er. 5.In this forest over 50% of the trees _ (damage) so far. 6.Visitors _ (request) not to touch the exhibits.,will be built,was designed,had been studied,is being drawn,have been damaged,are requested,被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。,思 被动语态的构成,am is are done,will be done,am is are doing,am is are being
6、done,was were done,have has done,have has been done,had done,had been done,was were doing,was were being done,情态动词+be+ done,1.当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，有明确的动作执行者 He was told a story by his mother2.被动语态常需要强调动作的承受者，不知道谁是 动作的执行者或没有必要明确指明谁是动作的执行者 My bike was stolen last night全世界都踢足球 The football is played all over
7、 the world,1. You mustnt take those books out ofthe reading-room.,Those books mustnt be taken out of the reading-room.,用被动语态改换下列各句：,2. He gave me a present.,I was given a present.,A present was given to me.,Group- work 议 展 评,3. Mother often tells her children a storyat bed time.,Children are often t
8、old a story at bed time by mother.,A story is often told by mother to children at bed time.,1. What a pity! I missed The voice of China last night. Dont worry. It _(brocast) again this weekend.2. If nothing _(do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts.3. I have to go to work by taxi because my car
9、_(repair) at the garage.,Will be broadcast,is done,is being repaired,1. 在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。,They make her clean the floor. I saw a stranger enter the room,She is made to clean the floor by them. A stranger was s
10、een to enter the room by me,一些特殊的被动语态,2. 动词get代替be. (get done 往往表示行为不是计划之中，而是意外发生的。),酒馆里发生了打斗，幸好无人受伤。,There was a fight at the pub, but fortunately nobody got (=was)hurt.,3. need require want deserve worth + V- ing 表示被动意义。我的车需要修理。My car needs repairing (= to be repaired). 我头发需要剪了My hair needs cuttin
11、g,(1)系动词feel, smell, taste, sound，look，notice，seem, remain, go, grow, appear等。 The music sounds wonderful (2) read, write, cook, sell, wash, clean, wear等词与副词连用用来说明主语的性质特征。 The pen writes well The poem reads smoothly The book sells well The cloth washes easily This kind of rice cooks more quickly.,4.
12、 不能用于被动语态的词,苹果尝起来味道不错,卖得好 The apples taste delicious and sell well. (3)take place break out happen to belong to take part in The second world war broke out in 1939,二、不定式的被动形式,to be done,to have done,to havebeen done,1.The airport_(complete) next year will help promote tourism in the area. 2.Im happy
13、 _(invite) to your home for dinner already.,to be completed,to have been invited,主动形式表被动意义 系动词look,feel, smell, taste, sound，notice，seem, remain, go, grow, appear等后接表语时。学以致用Whether we can have a holiday_（remain）unknown. 当read, write, cook, sell, wash, clean, wear，open,close, shut,lock,move,cut,carry
14、等用作不及物动词与副词连用用来说明主语的性质特征或属性时。 学以致用The book_（sell）well. 在“adj + to do”结构中常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。 学以致用He is hard _ （convince）.,remains,sells,to convince,当不定式在名词后做后置定语，且与被修饰名词之间是被动的关系，常用主表被。学以致用I have a lett
15、er _ （type）today. 在“with+n+to do”结构中。学以致用With nothing _ （do），he lay in bed 一些作表语用的不定式，用主动形式常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent， hire，blame等。 学以致用 I felt l _ （blame）. The house is _ （let） 在need,require,want+ V- ing 主动表示被动意义。 学以致用 我头发需要剪了_ 桂林值得一游_,to type,to do,was to blame,to let,my hair needs cutting.,Gui Lin is w
16、orth visiting.,be worth+ V- ing 主动表示被动意义。 学以致用 It is worth_（read）a second time. 不及物动词，短语无被动语态。常见的不及物动词和短语有appear,die,disappear,happen,lie, take place,run out,break out,come true,fall asleep,keep silent,belong to,happen to,take part in 学以致用He keeps telling his students that the future _the well-prepa
17、red. A.is belonged B. belongs to C. is belonging to D. will be belonged to,reading,B,1. Its an honour to be invited to the ceremony. 2. She didnt like to be treated as a child.3. His dream was to be admitted to a good university. 4. There are a lot of things to be discussed.5. She was sent there to
18、be trained for the space flight.6.The captain ordered the flag to be hoisted,作主语,作宾语,作表语,作定语,作状语,不定式的被动式在句中作什么成分,作宾补,不定式的主动形式表示被动,1在“adj + to do”结构中。常用的形容词有easy，difficult，hard，impossible，nice，pleasant，light，heavy，interesting，important，expensive，cheap， fit， dangerous等。,例如： He is hard to convince. He
19、is an impossible person to work with English is not so easy to learn.,2当不定式在名词后在定语，且与被修饰名词之间是被动的关系，常用主动形式表示被动含义。例如： I have a letter to type todayDo you have anything to say?3在“with+n+to do”结构中。 例如： With nothing to do，he lay in bed With so many exercises to do，I cant go to the cinema,4.一些作表语用的不定式，用主动
20、形式。常见的这类动词有let(出租)，rent，hire，blame等。 例如： The house is to let I felt l was to blame.,解读动词不定式,误：We dont allow to smoke in the museum.正：We dont allow smoking in the museum.正：We dont allow people to smoke in the museum.,解析：在allow后跟动名词作宾语；当allow后有宾主时，则用不定式作补语，即allow sb to do sth。,2. 误：She was the first p
21、erson win the game.正：She was the first person to win the game.,解析：当序数词或由序数词所修饰的名词带定语时，此定语通常由不定式来充当。,3. 误：We need some paper to write.正：We need some paper to write on.,解析：作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面须跟相应的介词。,4. 误：The question being discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.正：The question to be
22、discussed at tomorrows meeting is a very important one.,1. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _(repair) at the garage. 2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only_ （tell) that the meeting had been put off. 3.He desire_(favor) by his parents. 4.I am glad_(give) a chance to improve my English. 5还有
23、很多作业要完成，我得熬夜了。With a lot of homework _, we have to stay up late. 6. If nothing _(do), the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 7.I have a lot of chore _(do) tonight.,is being repaired,to be told,to be favored,to be given,smoking,toto,to,to do,is done,to do,8. 改错： She was the first person think of the idea. The music is sounded beautiful.We arent allowed smoke in the lecture hall. This boy was seen come late this morning.Lei Fengs name remembered by all Chinese people.,to,to,to,is,Go over the grammar. Finish the exercises on P.P. 13-14.,Homework,
