1、高温合金杂质控制水平国内外对比分析研究 摘要:杂质元素种类、含量对高温合金性能起着决定性的影响。本文对影响高温合金性能的杂质元素进行了分析介绍,并通过对比分析研究了国内外高温合金杂质控制水平现状,综合考虑高温合金的杂质元素主要来源于原材料,而且许多有害元素在后续工艺过程中很难去除的现实状况,建议在高品质高温合金的研制和开发中采用高纯原材料、特别是采用针对合金中的某些元素进行针对性提纯后的原材料,通过控制原材料的杂质来控制高温合金中杂质元素数量及含量,提高我国高温合金的性能水平。 关键词:高温合金;杂质;原材料;对比分析。 中图分类号:TG13 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-098X(20
2、15)010(c)-0000-00 Comparative Analysis of the Control of Impurities in Domestic and Foreign Superalloys CAO Qigao, MA Guang, ZHENG Jing (Northwest Institute for Nonferrous Metal Research, Xian, Shanxi 710016, China) Abstract: The performance of superalloys was affected heavily by the amount and cont
3、ent of impurity elements. In this paper, the impurity elements affecting the properties of superalloys were analyzed, and the comparative analysis of the control of impurities in domestic and foreign superalloys was studied. Considering that the impurity elements in superalloys were mainly derived f
4、rom raw materials, though many of them its very difficult to remove in the following process. It was suggested that high purity raw materials should be used, especially the raw materials purified with specific elements. To improve the performance of the domestic superalloys, the most potential way i
5、s controlling the amount and content of impurities in superalloys by controlling the impurities in the raw materials. Keywords: Superalloy; Impurity; Raw materials; Comparative Analysis。 众所周知,航空发动机是制约我国飞机发展的主要瓶颈。先进的航空发动机需满足以下四个重要指标:大的推重比、高可靠性、高工作稳定性和低燃油消耗率。要获得大的推重比,具有先进性能的高温合金材料是其主要支撑技术之一。国内与国外差距巨大,
6、其重要原因是合金杂质元素控制水平低造成的。合金杂质元素对高温合金持久、蠕变等性能会产生严重的影响,必须把它们的含量和数量控制到尽可能低的水平。 高温合金中除固溶强化和沉淀强化元素外,还含有几十种微量元素。所谓微量元素就是含量很低,甚至ppm量级就能明显影响高温合金力学性能和组织的那些元素。微量元素通常可分为有益的微量元素和有害的微量元素,前者如C、B、Ti、Zr、稀土元素等,而后者即为杂质元素。残留在高温合金中的杂质元素多达五、六十种,它们对高温合金的影响机理与杂质元素种类、数量和偏析程度以及高温合金种类有关。大量研究表明,随着高温合金中杂质元素含量的增加,高温合金高温力学性能会急剧下滑,从而表现出高温合金性能的巨大差异。1第 3 页 共 3 页