1、Unit 4,Earthquakes,Learning about Language,语 法 精 讲,限制性定语从句,自 主 预 习,用适当的关系词填写下面文章中的句子并体会它们的共同特征 1A huge crack _ was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses, roads and canals. 2The number of people _ were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000. 3Then, later that a
2、fternoon, another big quake _ was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 4The army organized teams to dig out those _ were trapped and to bury the dead. 5Workers built shelters for survivors _ homes had been destroyed.,that/which,who/that,which/that,who,whose,合 作 探 究,一、定语从句的概述,护士是照顾病人的人。
3、A nurse is a person who looks after patients 先行词 关系代词 定语从句,分析下面的定语从句 Do you know the girl who is singing on the stage? _ 为先行词； _ 为关系代词，且在从句中作主语。 This is the museum which was built many years ago. _ 为先行词 ， _ 为关系代词，且在从句中作 _ 。,the girl,who,the museum,which,主语,二、关系代词的基本用法,The children who/that were inju
4、red in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now. 在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。(who/that引导定语从句) The spaceship that/which finished its task has returned to the earth. 完成使命的飞船已返回地球。(that/which引导定语从句) Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government. 任何家境贫寒，上不起学的
5、学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(whose引导定语从句),(1)关系代词that可指人，也可以指物，可与关系词which/who/whom互换，但是不可直接放在介词的后面作宾语； (2)作宾语时who与whom可互换，若紧跟在介词后面则使用whom；whom在从句中不作主语； (3)关系代词作宾语时可省略(与介词连用时除外)； (4)关系代词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词。,This is the very hotel (that) I stayed at when I was travelling here. 这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。(that在从句中作宾语，可以省略)
6、This is the very hotel at which I stayed when I was travelling here. 这就是我在这儿旅行时住过的旅馆。(which在句中作介词at的宾语，不可与that互换，也不可省略) There was no person to whom I could turn for help in the street last night. 昨天晚上，街上没有一个我能够求助的人。 (whom在句中作介词to的宾语，不能与who/that互换，也不可省略),用适当的关系代词填空 Well reach the sales targets in a m
7、onth _ we set at the beginning of the year. A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world. Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.,
8、that/which,whose,that/which,who,三、关系代词只用that而不用which的情况 1当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，little，much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。 All that can be done has been done. 一切能做的都已经做了。 2当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most beautiful park that I have visited. 这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。,3当先行词被the only, the very，
9、the last修饰时。 Chatting was the only thing that interested her most. 聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。 4当先行词既指人，又指物时。 She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in. 她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。,5当主语是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复而用that。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 站在门口的那个人是谁？ 6当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
10、Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 上海已不是过去那个样子了。,用适当的关系词填空 Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position. I am sure she has something _ you can borrow. It is the most beautiful city _ Ive ever seen. This is the first book _ he has read. He is the
11、only person _ was present at the time. Mary is no longer the girl _ she used to be.,that,that,that,that,that,that,如何选用关系代词？ 第一步：找准先行词，初步确定所用关系词。 第二步：正确分析先行词与定语从句中谓语动词的关系，从而验证所选关系词的正确性。如果发现先行词在从句中作状语，就应选用关系副词。 第三步：验证定语从句中的主谓一致性。关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致。例如： He is the only one of the students who knows English. (先行词是the only one, 后面定语从句谓语用knows)他是唯一懂英语的学生。 He is one of the students who know English. (先行词是the students, 后面定语从句谓语用know)他是懂英语的学生之一。,
