1、rapid development of the market economy environment to explore public servants duty consumption monetization reform has provided a good foundation. The socialization of rear service work has been launched, and rapid progress in some places and departments, duty consumption monetization of carrier an
2、d approach to management has been resolved. Third, in recent years, exploring the monetization of duty consumption has made some progress, have gained some experience and can provide reference to the comprehensive reform of the system of public servants duty consumption further. Implementing an “hon
3、est canteen“, standardize official entertaining management; enhancing the telecommunication expense management; elimination of County travel and countryside subsidies; research “village officials“ capitalization management of corporate spending, and so on. Finally, group .18 session to be held in Be
4、ijing from November 9, 2013 to 12th. 35 years ago blew the third plenary session of the reform and opening up in the spring breeze, changed, affect the world; today, 35 years later, in the eyes of the nation and the world expect, again to reform mark China, ushered in the 18 session. XI General Secr
5、etary pointed out that Chinas reform has entered a crucial period and the Sham Shui Po District, must be based on greater political courage and wisdom, lose no time in deepening reform in important fields. Dares to crack a hard nut, dares to question the Rapids, which dares to break the barrier of i
6、deas, and dare to benefit cure barriers. Deepening reform and opening up is on schedule to achieve institutional safeguards of the moderately well-off. Under the “five in one“ the General layout of socialist modernization requirements, 18 session of the decision was a “five in one“ and the improveme
7、nt of overall scheme of reform, will promote an integrated and coordinated economic, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization construction of the five reforms and the partys construction in the area of institutional reform. The “five in one“ programme is to achieve a comprehensive ref
8、orm of institutional guarantees for objectives of build a well-off society, the smooth progress of the construction of a well-off society and reform the objectives of the programme. One, holding time and place importance on November 9, 2013 to the 18 session of the 12th Beijing since 1978, 35, have
9、been 7 plenary session, each time on major issues of political and economic life of the country has made important deployment. In accordance with PRC political practice, often at every session of the CPC Central Committee in a plenary session was held immediately after the partys Congress, on the th
10、eme “personnel“, discussing election Centrals top leaders, such as the election of the Standing Committee of the political Bureau, through the Central Committee members, decisions, such as members of the Central Military Commission. The second plenary session, is held in two sessions before the gene
11、ral election, mainly to discuss a new State personnel issues. But by the thirdplenary session, each session of the Central Committee of national institutions and personnel problems have been arranged, you can concentrate on national development and reforms. Previous plenary session is often branded
12、with a central leading collective, often by looking at the third plenum of the initiative to found the current central leadership collective governance characteristics. From the analysis of the process of economic reform in China, plenary session, 12 session, 14, 16 plenary session have programmatic
13、 meaning, respectively, marking the four stages of Chinas economic reform, and that the start-up phase of reform, reform, construction phase and perfecting the Socialist market economy framework stage of socialist market economy. Previous plenary session topics proposed to the third plenary session
14、of “taking class struggle as the key link,“ shifted to socialist modernization; 12 session marked the change from rural to urban, established with public ownership as the Foundation of a planned commodity economy; 13 session at a time when both the old and the new system change, governance and recti
15、fy the economic order; 14 . Fair and efficient and authoritative Socialist judicial system, safeguard the peoples interests. Legal authority to uphold the Constitution, deepening the reform of administrative law enforcement, ensure that the right to exercise judicial power independently and impartia
16、lly according to law the prosecution, perfecting the running mechanism of judicial power, improve the system of judicial protection of human rights. Plenary session, Affairs the right to adhere to the system, and let the people authority to let the power run in the Sun, is shut up in a cage of the s
17、ystem power policy. Decision Science, implementation should be constructed strong, supervise the running of powerful system, improve the system of punishing and preventing corruption, promoting political integrity, and strive to achieve cadres honest and Government integrity, clean politics. To form
18、 a scientific and effective coordination of power restriction and mechanisms to strengthen anti-corruption institutional innovation and institutional protection, sound improvement style normal system. Plenary session, building a socialist culture in China, enhancing national cultural soft power, mus
19、t adhere to the orientation of advanced Socialist culture, adhere to the development of Socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the people-centred work-oriented, further deepening reform of culture. To improve the cultural management system, establish and improve the modern market
20、system and building modern public cultural service system, improve the level of culture opening. Plenary session, achieving development results more equitable benefit of all people, we must speed up reform of social programs and solve the issues of concern to the people the most direct and real inte
21、rest, and better meet the needs of the people. To deepen education reform, improve institutional mechanisms for the2015 年高考材料作文审题立意的技巧 审题与立意是考场作文的重要环节。审题，侧重对作文试题的审视，它包括对材料的主旨，试题文体、字数、立意、标题等方面要求的认知；立意，则是在把握材料基本思想、核心词句的基础上，确立自己文章的观点、看法等。因此，二者虽然有区别，但联系还是相当密切的，有时甚至是同步进行的，很难分开。下面结合 2014 年高考实例，谈谈不同类型的新材料作
22、文审题、立意的方法。1话题式材料作文从话题入手确立主题。作文材料围绕一个话题展开的，称为话题式材料作文。这类材料作文，“话题”是核心，材料可以围绕话题摆出一些现象，或者对话题进行解说、阐述，或者是对话题的引出做铺垫等。从写作的角度看，材料是次要的，考生应该抓住话题，谈自己对话题的看法，由此确定文章的主题。例 1： (2014 年高考天津卷）阅读下面的文字，按要求作文。(60 分）也许将来有这么一天，我们发明了一种智慧芯片，有了它，任何人都能古今中外无一不知，天文地理无所不晓。比如说，你在心里默念一声“物理”，人类有史以来有关物理的一切公式、定律便纷纷浮现出来，比老师讲的还多，比书本印的还全。你
23、逛秦淮河时，脱口一句“旧时王谢堂前燕”，旁边卖雪糕的老大娘就接茬说“飞入寻常百姓家”，还慈祥地告诉你，这首诗的作者是刘禹锡，这时一个金发碧眼的外国小女孩枪着说，诗名乌衣巷，出自全唐诗365 卷 4117 页 这将是怎样的情形啊！读了上面的材料，你有怎样的联想或思考？请就此写一篇文章。要求：自选角度，自拟标题；文体不限（诗歌除外），文体特征鲜明；不少于 800 字；不得抄袭，不得套作。【审题指导】这则材料作文，核心话题是“智慧芯片”。命题人假设“将来有这么一天，我们发明了一种智慧芯片，有了它，任何人都能古今中外无一不知，天文地理无所不晓”，让考生联想或思考“这将是怎样的情形”。命题不预设任何立意
24、方向，考生只要把握住 “智慧芯片”这个话题，或写议论文谈“智慧芯片”的意义与局限，或写记叙文，用故事曲折表达自己对“智慧芯片”的理解、看法，都会被视为“符合题意”。【立意范例】一个人如若实现了自己的梦想当然是幸福的。大部分人都会沉浸在这梦想实现后的美丽、惬意和幸福当中。假如有一天真的有了“智慧芯片”，梦想也许唾手而得。但人们往往也会忽视了更值得让人珍藏、更让人感觉到幸福的东西，那就是为实现梦想而努力的过程。（天津考生幸福是一个过程）rapid development of the market economy environment to explore public servants dut
25、y consumption monetization reform has provided a good foundation. The socialization of rear service work has been launched, and rapid progress in some places and departments, duty consumption monetization of carrier and approach to management has been resolved. Third, in recent years, exploring the
26、monetization of duty consumption has made some progress, have gained some experience and can provide reference to the comprehensive reform of the system of public servants duty consumption further. Implementing an “honest canteen“, standardize official entertaining management; enhancing the telecomm
27、unication expense management; elimination of County travel and countryside subsidies; research “village officials“ capitalization management of corporate spending, and so on. Finally, group .18 session to be held in Beijing from November 9, 2013 to 12th. 35 years ago blew the third plenary session o
28、f the reform and opening up in the spring breeze, changed, affect the world; today, 35 years later, in the eyes of the nation and the world expect, again to reform mark China, ushered in the 18 session. XI General Secretary pointed out that Chinas reform has entered a crucial period and the Sham Shu
29、i Po District, must be based on greater political courage and wisdom, lose no time in deepening reform in important fields. Dares to crack a hard nut, dares to question the Rapids, which dares to break the barrier of ideas, and dare to benefit cure barriers. Deepening reform and opening up is on sch
30、edule to achieve institutional safeguards of the moderately well-off. Under the “five in one“ the General layout of socialist modernization requirements, 18 session of the decision was a “five in one“ and the improvement of overall scheme of reform, will promote an integrated and coordinated economi
31、c, political, cultural, social and ecological civilization construction of the five reforms and the partys construction in the area of institutional reform. The “five in one“ programme is to achieve a comprehensive reform of institutional guarantees for objectives of build a well-off society, the sm
32、ooth progress of the construction of a well-off society and reform the objectives of the programme. One, holding time and place importance on November 9, 2013 to the 18 session of the 12th Beijing since 1978, 35, have been 7 plenary session, each time on major issues of political and economic life o
33、f the country has made important deployment. In accordance with PRC political practice, often at every session of the CPC Central Committee in a plenary session was held immediately after the partys Congress, on the theme “personnel“, discussing election Centrals top leaders, such as the election of
34、 the Standing Committee of the political Bureau, through the Central Committee members, decisions, such as members of the Central Military Commission. The second plenary session, is held in two sessions before the general election, mainly to discuss a new State personnel issues. But by the thirdplen
35、ary session, each session of the Central Committee of national institutions and personnel problems have been arranged, you can concentrate on national development and reforms. Previous plenary session is often branded with a central leading collective, often by looking at the third plenum of the ini
36、tiative to found the current central leadership collective governance characteristics. From the analysis of the process of economic reform in China, plenary session, 12 session, 14, 16 plenary session have programmatic meaning, respectively, marking the four stages of Chinas economic reform, and tha
37、t the start-up phase of reform, reform, construction phase and perfecting the Socialist market economy framework stage of socialist market economy. Previous plenary session topics proposed to the third plenary session of “taking class struggle as the key link,“ shifted to socialist modernization; 12
38、 session marked the change from rural to urban, established with public ownership as the Foundation of a planned commodity economy; 13 session at a time when both the old and the new system change, governance and rectify the economic order; 14 . Fair and efficient and authoritative Socialist judicia
39、l system, safeguard the peoples interests. Legal authority to uphold the Constitution, deepening the reform of administrative law enforcement, ensure that the right to exercise judicial power independently and impartially according to law the prosecution, perfecting the running mechanism of judicial
40、 power, improve the system of judicial protection of human rights. Plenary session, Affairs the right to adhere to the system, and let the people authority to let the power run in the Sun, is shut up in a cage of the system power policy. Decision Science, implementation should be constructed strong,
41、 supervise the running of powerful system, improve the system of punishing and preventing corruption, promoting political integrity, and strive to achieve cadres honest and Government integrity, clean politics. To form a scientific and effective coordination of power restriction and mechanisms to st
42、rengthen anti-corruption institutional innovation and institutional protection, sound improvement style normal system. Plenary session, building a socialist culture in China, enhancing national cultural soft power, must adhere to the orientation of advanced Socialist culture, adhere to the developme
43、nt of Socialist culture with Chinese characteristics, adhere to the people-centred work-oriented, further deepening reform of culture. To improve the cultural management system, establish and improve the modern market system and building modern public cultural service system, improve the level of cu
44、lture opening. Plenary session, achieving development results more equitable benefit of all people, we must speed up reform of social programs and solve the issues of concern to the people the most direct and real interest, and better meet the needs of the people. To deepen education reform, improve
45、 institutional mechanisms for the【技法借鉴】考生抓住材料的话题词“智慧芯片” 立意，指出“智慧芯片”帮助人们实现了梦想的同时，也会让人们忽视为追求梦想而努力的过程，对“智慧芯片”带来的负面效应表现出担忧。切合题意，观点清晰。2故事性材料作文从故事主旨入手确立主题。材料作文是一则故事，话题不明显，也没有论述性的语句。考生必须认真研读材料，通过故事的人物、情节等，把握材料的主旨，以材料主旨作为构思的切入点。当然，对于故事所表达的主题（思想情感），考生可以赞成，也可以反对，还可以对文中表达的思想进行辩证的思考分析。例 2： (2014 年高考全国课标卷 I）阅读下面
46、的材料，根据要求写一篇不少于 800 字的文章。“山羊过独木桥”是为民学校传统的团体比赛项目。规则是，双方队员两两对决，同时相向而行，走上仅容一人通行的低矮独木桥，能突破对方阻拦成功过桥者获胜，最后以全队通过人数多少决定胜负。因此习惯上，双方相遇时，会像山羊抵角一样，尽力使对方落下桥，自己通过。不过，今年预赛中出现了新情况：有一组比赛，双方选手相遇时，互相抱住，转身换位，全都顺利过了桥。这种做法当场就引发了观众、运动员和裁判员的激烈争论。事后，相关的思考还在继续。要求选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要脱离材料内容及含意的范围作文，不要套作，不得抄袭。【审题指导】聪明的同学，将“独木桥
47、”上的残酷竞争，转化为互相抱住，转身换位，顺利通过。社会生活也是如此，在竞争日趋渗入每个角落的今天，怎样在竞争中寻合作，在合作中求双赢，成为摆在人们面前的一个重要课题。因此，可以将材料的主题归纳为“团结协作，互惠双赢”，考生由此出发，去再现或想象与 “团结协作，是互惠双赢”相关的故事，辅以精巧的构思、生动的语言，即可成就精彩的文章。【立意范例】竞争，是向上的齿轮；合作，是前行的润滑剂。生活需要竞争，也需要合作；没有竞争，就会缺少激情，没有合作，就会陷入孤立；只有让竞争与合作同行，才能激情高歌，和谐发展。（河南考生竞争?合作? 双赢）【技法借鉴】考生从材料的主旨出发，并融入了辩证思维，针对“竞争
48、”“合作”的关系，提出“只有让竞争与合作同行，才能激情高歌，和谐发展”的观点，切合材料，立意深刻。3人物品格类材料从提炼人格入手确立主题。rapid development of the market economy environment to explore public servants duty consumption monetization reform has provided a good foundation. The socialization of rear service work has been launched, and rapid progress in som
49、e places and departments, duty consumption monetization of carrier and approach to management has been resolved. Third, in recent years, exploring the monetization of duty consumption has made some progress, have gained some experience and can provide reference to the comprehensive reform of the system of public servants duty consumption further. Implementing an “honest canteen“, standardize official entertaining management; enhancing the telecommunication expense management; elimination of County travel and countryside
