1、1（历史与地理）李仕才导读：本文介绍的是水城威尼斯。它是世界上唯一没有汽车的城市；它因水而生，因水而美，因水而兴，号称“亚得里亚海皇后” 。Venice Queen of the AdriaticThe historic city of Venice stretches across a shallow saltwater lagoon in northeast Italy. The city was once a major sea power and an important center for politics and trade. It has since faded from gl
2、ory and declined in influence, but the “Queen of the Adriatic“ remains rich in beauty, art, and tourism.Built on a string of islands alongside the Adriatic Sea, Venice is famous for its canals, which serve as roads. The only transportation in the old city center has been by boat or on foot for centu
3、ries. Traditional Venetian boats still ferry tourists through the narrow canals, though nowadays most Venetians travel by motorized waterbus. Arched footbridges traverse the canals, adding to the picturesque charm of this fairytale city. Venice is Europes largest car-free area and a World Heritage S
4、ite.While its unique infrastructure is enough to make it a historic gem, Venice also boasts a rich cultural history. During the Renaissance, Venice was one of the most important musical centers in Europe. Countless books, plays, musical compositions, and works of art have been inspired by Venice. Pr
5、esently, the city draws more than seven million tourists per year.Sadly, the future of Venice is threatened. Since the 20th century, when wells began to draw water from the ground to support local industry, Venice has been sinking. In many old houses, lower level staircases are now flooded and forme
6、r ground floors have become uninhabitable. Nevertheless, Venetian life goes on and the city continues to charm its many visitors.威尼斯亚得里亚海皇后历史名城威尼斯横跨意大利东北部的一个咸水湖。这个城市曾经是一个主要的海上力量和重要的政治、贸易中心。虽然它昔日的荣耀和影响力已经褪去，这位“亚得里亚海皇后”在美景、艺术与旅游业方面依然非常富有。2建筑于亚得里亚海沿岸的一系列岛屿之上的威尼斯以运河而闻名，运河就是这个城市的道路。几百年来，旧城中心唯一的交通工具就是乘船或者
7、步行。虽然现在大多数威尼斯人乘坐电动水上巴士，传统的威尼斯船只仍然在狭窄的运河中摆渡游客。拱形的人行天桥横贯运河之上，为这座童话般的城市增加了如画般的吸引力。威尼斯是欧洲最大的无车区，也是世界遗产城市。虽然独特的基础设施足以使它成为历史珍宝，威尼斯还拥有丰富的文化史。在文艺复兴时期，威尼斯是欧洲最重要的音乐中心之一。威尼斯激发了无数书籍、戏剧、乐曲和艺术品的产生。目前，这座城市每年吸引着七百多万游客。令人难过的是，威尼斯的未来受到了威胁。自从 20 世纪人们从水井抽取地下水支持当地工业开始，威尼斯开始了下沉。在很多老房子里，低层的楼梯浸在水中，以前的一楼已经无法住人。尽管如此，威尼斯的生活还在
8、继续，这座城市使众多的游客为之陶醉。重点单词:1. lagoon lgun n. 咸水湖2. Adriatic ,eidritik adj. 亚得里亚海的3. ferry fer vt.（乘渡船）渡过；用渡船运送4. traverse trvs; trvs vt. 穿过5. picturesque ,pktresk adj. 生动的；图画般的6. heritage hertd n. 遗产7. infrastructure nfrstrkt n. 基础设施8. gem dem n. 宝石，珍宝； 精华9. boast bst 包含，容纳；有10. Renaissance rnsns n. 文艺复
9、兴（欧洲 14 至 16 世纪）重点短语 / 亮点句式：1. Built on a string of islands alongside the Adriatic Sea, Venice is famous for its canals, which serve as roads.建筑于亚得里亚海沿岸的一系列岛屿之上的威尼斯以运河而闻名，运河就是这个城市的道路。（1）be famous for 因而著名。如：A school as such should be famous for its teaching, its sports and games, and its strict 3dis
10、cipline.一个像这样的学校，必须在教学、运动、球戏、及严格纪律训练等方面，能够著名。（2）which 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 canals。如：Some of the roads were flooded，which made our journey more difficult有些路被水淹了，这使得我们的行程更加困难。2. add to 增添；加强。如：The bad weather added to the shipwrecked sailors difficulties.恶劣的天气增加了失事船只的船员们的困难。3. While its unique infrast
11、ructure is enough to make it a historic gem, Venice also boasts a rich cultural history.虽然独特的基础设施足以使它成为历史珍宝，威尼斯还拥有丰富的文化史。while 在此意为“虽然” ，引导让步状语从句。如：While he loves his students, he is strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生，他对他们非常严厉。4. go on 继续。如：This situation seemed to go on indefinitely.这种状况似乎要无限期地继续下去。名句背诵：Mos
12、t ignorance is vincible ignorance. We dont know because we dont want to know. （Aldous Huxley, British writer） 大多无知是可以克服的。我们不知道只是因为我们不想知道。 （英国作家 奥尔德斯赫胥黎）【话题解读】历史与地理是高中英语课程标准话题之一，也是高考常考话题。本话题包括中国历史与地理的基本知识、世界历史与地理的基本知识、重大历史事件以及与历史活动有关的重要历史人物、政治、经济、宗教活动等。通过历史与地理这一话题的学习和高考考查，增强学生学习历史与地理的兴趣，提高学生的历史底蕴和文化修
13、养，促进学生的身心健康。 4近几年的高考英语中，历史与地理这个话题屡见不鲜。在听力、阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空以及书面表达中，出题者常会涉及某个地方的史地概况、风土人情等，例如 2016 年浙江卷阅读理解 C 篇、2016 年江苏卷阅读理解 D 篇、2016 年四川卷阅读理解 C 篇、2016 年北京卷书面表达、2015 年新课标卷 I 和 2015 年新课标卷 II 的语法填空等。 【相关词汇】.写作必记单词 1. attackvt.进攻；袭击 2. disappear vi.消失 disappearancen.消失；失踪 3. escape vi.逃跑 4. feedvt.喂养；饲养；靠
14、为生；向提供 5. local adj.当地的 locate vt.把设置(在)；使坐落(于) location n.地点；位置 6. native adj.本地的；本国的 7. raise vt.饲养；提高 8. range n.山脉； vi.排列；延伸 9. ruin vt.毁坏；毁灭； n.废墟；毁灭 10. strike v.突然侵袭；打击；打动；突然想到 11. threaten vt.威胁；恐吓 threat n.威胁 .阅读识记单词 12.abolish vt. 废除 13.aggression n.侵略 aggressive adj.侵略的；具有攻击性的 14.betray v
15、t. 出卖；泄露机密 15.distribute vt. 发放；分发 distribution n.分配；配给 16.drought n .干旱 17.dynasty n .朝代 18.erupt vi.(火山) 爆发；喷发 eruptionn.爆发 19.frighten vt. 使惊恐 frightening adj.令人惊恐的，骇人的 frightened adj.害怕的；受惊的 20.foggy adj. 有雾的 fog n.雾 21.freezing adj. 冰冻的；极冷的 freeze vi. they live with her sister in Moldova, where
16、 salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.Italians always see me as a foreigner, an outsider, even though shes stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.1. Why does Cojochru have to
17、take a language test?A. To continue to stay in Italy. B. To teach her children Italian.C. To find a better job in Italy. D. To better mix with the Italians.2. Some people worry that the new language requirement may _.A. reduce Italys population quickly B. cause conflicts among peopleC. lead to finan
18、cial difficulties D. put pressure on schools3. What do we know about Cojochru?A. She lives with her sister now in Italy.B. She enjoys learning the Italian language.C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job.D. She wishes to go back to her home country.CIn the depths of the French Guianese rainfor
19、est, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been 9a colony(殖民地) of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they sho
20、uld live by the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of lawlessness in the world.The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote
21、 corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years, says Gin. Ive been able to keep firm friendships
22、with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I dont see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life, continues Gin. I prefer to work in black and white, which
23、 allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifes
24、tyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.1. Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?A. They seldom follow the French law.B. They often i
25、gnore the Guianese law.C. They are separated from the modern world.D. They are both Guianese and French citizens.2.Gin introduced the special world of the indigenous Guianese as _.A. a tour guide B. a geographerC. a film director D. a photographer3. What is Gins attitude towards the lives of the ind
26、igenous Guianese?A. Cautious. B. Doubtful.C. Uninterested. D. Appreciative.104.What does the underlined word it in the last paragraph refer to?A. The modern French lifestyle. B. The self-supporting hunting.C. The uncivilized hunting. D. The French Republic.DWhen I first told people I was going to wo
27、rk in Cameroon, the most common reaction was: “Why?“ The second was: “Its in Africa; youll die!“ The third: “Where is that?“So let me give some answers. I was offered a job that looked interesting in a part of the world Id never been to before. Id also long had an interest in Africa, so I decided it
28、 was time to find out the reality.A small amount of research showed that in more than 40 years since gaining independence, Cameroon has been a peaceful country with no wars. Not only were there no wars, but Cameroon is a food exporter to the region.Now, after three years, I can say that these have b
29、een the healthiest years of my life! No malaria or any of the other frightening diseases you read about when Africa is mentioned. The worst thing that ever happened to me was a bout of food poisoning once.So what is it like to teach here? Well surprisingly not so different from teaching anywhere els
30、e.Most students come to us with a bit of English in their heads. Cameroon is a bilingual country with French and English as official languages, while there are also close to 200 local ethnic languages in a country of 16 million people. French is the dominant language, spoken by about 80% of the popu
31、lation.The local school system is very traditional and somewhat strict. Perhaps not surprisingly when there can be up to 150 students in the classroom (of which maybe 30 have the books, and there are probably seats for 70).Like anywhere, students appreciate it if you know a bit about their country,
32、and not just Roger Milla (top scorer of the 1990 World Cup, in case youre wondering). It helps if you know the names of the ten provinces, know who the first president was,or can say a word in a local language.So in conclusion: Cameroon isnt just football. Nor is it war, poverty and disease. Its 11j
33、ust life and people, like anywhere else.1.On hearing the writers decision, most people .A. didnt understand him B. considered it as a jokeC. admired him D. laughed at him2.According to the passage, Cameroon is .A. a country full of diseases B. peaceful after liberationC. a poor country, especially l
34、ack of food D. quite different from others in education3.What can we infer from the passage?A. Food export may lead to many frightening diseases.B. Most students in Cameroon do not need books.C. Cameroon is not as bad as people commonly believed.D. There must be a lot of people suffering from food p
35、oisoning.4.What does the underlined word in the sixth paragraph mean?A. leading B. easy C. only D. wonderfulA【话题解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 Dawson 这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。122.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句 Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their
36、lives.可知，在最初挖黄金的两万人中有 4000 人变富有，所以是五分之一的人变富了，故 B 正确。3.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中 and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.可知，人们离开 Dawson 的主要原因是听说在 Alaska 发现了黄金，也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故 B 正确。4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因，引出 Dawson 这一城市的兴起，
37、第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因，第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况，所以全文围绕 Dawson 这个城市的发展起伏。故 A 正确。B【话题解读】本文属于历史与地理等紧密结合的文章。首先叙述了一个叫 Svetlana Cojochru 的摩尔多瓦人移民到意大利，但为了能够继续留在意大利，她必须进行语言测试；接着向我们阐述对外来人进行语言测试的原因以及对此的不同声音，然后介绍了意大利的移民史，最后告诉我们 Cojochru 的居住现状：工资水平很低，而且虽然在意大利生活多年，但意大利本地居民仍会把她当作外国人来看。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的even though she
38、s stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently可知 Cojochru 的意大利语已经说的得很流利了，故选 C。C【话题解读】本文通过一个摄影记者向人们展示了法国的圭亚那人，和现代法国的生活风格给他们带来的影响。1.A 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第二句 Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs.（令人吃惊的是，这些人主要遵守他们自己的法律和社会风俗生活。 ）可
39、知 A 项符合题意。2.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第一句I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life, （我想展示给观众一个摄影记录，让他们触摸到不文明的生13活。 ）和第五段第一句 His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. （他的黑白照片呈现了一个几乎失去的世界。 ）可知他是一个摄影师，故选 D。3.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句I have a spec
40、ial love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years, （我对法国圭亚那人有一个特殊的爱。我在那里工作了将近十年了。 ）可知他对圭亚那人是心存感激的，故选 D。4.A 【解析 】词义猜测题。根据最后一段最后一句中 the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic 可知后面的定语从句中 it 指现代法国的生活风格。故选 A。D【文章大意】本文叙述了作者对喀麦隆的印象。在作者看来喀麦隆并不像人们所想象的那样可怕，这
41、个非洲国家和平富饶，给作者留下了很美好的印象。1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Why?“ ,“Its in Africa; youll die!“和“ Where is that?“ 可知，很多人对作者要去喀麦隆工作是不能理解的。2.B 【解析】细节判断题。根据第三段中的“in more than 40 years since gaining independence, Cameroon has been a peaceful country with no wars“可知 B 项说法正确。since gaining independence 与答案中的 after liberat
42、ion 意思相同。3.C 【解析】推理判断题。作者在第三段就说独立后的喀麦隆不但没有战争，而且是非洲地区的食品输出国。第四段中作者又说在这里的三年是他一生中最健康的时候。串联起来不难看出作者实际是在证明喀麦隆绝对不像人们所想象的那么差。4.A 【 解析】词义猜测题。根据该词后的“spoken by about 80% of the population“(被 80%的人口说)可以判断出法语是主要的语言。It helps if you know the names of the ten provinces, know who the first president was, or can say a word in a local language.如果你知道那十个省份的名字，知道第一任总统是谁或者能够说上一句当地的话这都是很有帮助的。help 意为“有所帮助“，是不及物动词；if 引导条件状语从句，从句的第二个谓语 know 后面接一个由 who 引导的宾语从句。
