1、SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes) In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will h
2、ear the passage ONLY ONCE. Part A: Spot Dictation For more than two centuries, America! s collegesand universities have been the backbone of the countrys progress. They have educated the technical, _ (1) work force and provided generation after generation of national leaders. Today, educators from a
3、round the country are apt to find many reasons for the _ (2). But four historic acts stand out as watersheds:First, _ (3): In 1862, Congress enacted the Land-Grant College Act, which essentially extended the opportunity of higher education to all Americans, including _ (4). Each state was permitted
4、to sell large tracts of federal land, and use the proceeds to endow at least _ (5). Second, competition breeds success. Over the years, the _ (6) of the America! s colleges and universities have promoted _ (7). Competitive pressure first arose during the Civil War when President Lincoln created _ (8
5、) to advise Congress on any subject of science and art. The Academys impact really grew after World War when a landmark report _ (9) the then president argued that it was the federal government! responsibility to _ (10) for basic research. Instead of being centralized in government laboratories,_ (1
6、1) in American universities and generated increasing investment. It also _ (12) and helped spread scientific discoveries far and wide, _ (13), medicine and society as a whole. Thirdly, _ (14): The end of World War saw the passage of the Servicemen! s Readjustment Act of 1944. The law, which provided
7、 for a college or vocational education _ (15), made the higher-education system accessible in ways that _ (16), opening the doors of best universities to men and women who had _ (17). Finally, promoting diversity: The creation of federal_(18) as well as outright grants for college students brought m
8、uch needed diversity to higher education and further_ (19). Since its founding in 1965, the Federal Family Education Loan Program has funded more than 74 million student loans worth _ (20). Part B: Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conver
9、sations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BO
10、OKLET. 1. ( A) Shes just a city girl and i used to the fast pace of the city. (B) She doesnt haveto drive everywhere to buy things. (C) She likes to garden and putter around in the house she bought. (D) She can go to a whole variety of places to interact with people. 2. (A) Going to the country for
11、a vacation makes no sense at all. (B) Renting a vacation house in the country is cheap. (C) People can enjoy the fresh air in the country. (D) People can relax better in the country than in the city. 3. (A) The convenient transportation. (B) The interactive social life. (C) The whole car culture. (D
12、) The nice neighborhood. 4. (A) You may have fun making barbecues in the garden. (B) You wont feel stuk and labeled as you do in the city. (C) Its more tolrable than living in the city. (D) Its more hatful than living in the country. 5. (A) Quite lonely. (B) Very safe. (C) Not very convenient. (D) N
13、ot particularly dangerous. 6. (A) Because they might harm the poor people. (B) Because their drawbacks outweigh benefits. (C) Because they counterbalance other environmental policies. 7. (A) German business confidence index has risen as much as expected recently. (B) The outlook for manufacturing is
14、 worsening in foreseeable future. (C) Global economic recession will sap demand for German exports next year. (D) German business situation is expected to get better in the next few months. 8. (A) The proposal can cut greenhouse gas emissions from cars to a very low level. (B) This action is obvious
15、ly going to change global temperatures in the long run. (C) The reduction in gas emissions is insignificant for addressing global warming. (D) The proposal represents a big step in solving the problem of global warming. 9. (A) $ 60.5 a barrel. (B) $ 61 a barrel. (C) $ 61.32 a barrel. (D) $ 61.67 a b
16、arrel. 10. (A) 92. (B) 250. (C) 1,500. (D) 2,500. 11. (A) Microsoft. (B) Coca Cola. (C) IBM. (D) Nokia. 12. (A) Amounts of revenue underlying the brands. (B) Strong franchise with consumers. (C) Whether or not the brand is a product of a tech company. (D) The degree of resonance consumers have with
17、a brand proposition. 13. (A) Because it is monopolistic. (B) Because it is competitive. (C) Because it takes its brand through generations. (D) Because its products fetch high prices. 14. (A) The functionality of its product. (B) The emotional appeal of its product. (C) Its basic product being so di
18、fferent. (D) Its highly effective publicity. 15. (A) A fantastic corporate culture. (B) A long company history. (C) An excellent product. (D) A sophisticated technology. 16. (A) A power station. (B) An importer of bicycles. (C) An association of volunteers. (D) A charity organization. 17. (A) To pro
19、vide help to local villagers. (B) To export bicycles to developing countries. (C) To organize overseas trips. (D) To carry out land surveys. 18. (A) They sell them at a very low price. (B) They charge half price. (C) They give them away for free. (D) They trade them for local products. 19. (A) 14,00
20、0. (B) 46,000. (C) 50,000. (D) 56,000. 20. (A) Donating bicycles. (B) Bringing in funds. (C) Taking part in bike rides. (D) Making suggestions about where to send bicycles. SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes) Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by severa
21、l questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOK
22、LET. Questions 1-5 Talk about timing. Your question arrived in our in-box the same day that we received a note from an acquaintance who had just been let go from his job in publishing, certainly one of the industries that is facing, as you put it, “ extreme changes.” He described his layoff as a pra
23、ctically Orwellian experience in which he was ushered into a conference room to meet with an outplacement consultant who, after dispensing with logistics, informed him that she would call him at home that evening to make sure everything was all right. “ I assured her I had friends and loved ones and
24、 a dog,” he wrote, “ and since my relationship wither could be measured in terms of seconds, they could take care of that end of things.” “ Memo to HR: Instead of saddling dismissed employees with solicitous outplacement reps,” he noted wryly,“ put them in a room with some crockery for a few therape
25、utic minutes of smashing things against a wall.” While we enjoy our friends sense of humor, wed suggest a different memo to HR. “ Layoffs are your moment of truth,” it would say, “ when yo company must show departing employees the same kind of attentiveness and dignity that was showered upon them wh
26、en they entered. Layoffs are when HR proves its mettle and its worth, demonstrating whether a company really cares about its people. Look, weve written before about HR and te game-changing role we believe it can and would play as the engine of an organizationhiring, appraisal, and development proces
27、ses. Weve asserted that too many comanies relegate HR to the mundane busy-work of newsletters, picnics, and benefits, and weve made the case tat every CEO should elevate his head of HR to the same stature as the CFO. But if there was ever a time to underscore the importance of HR, it has arrived. An
28、d, sadly, if there was ever a time to see how few companies get HR right, it has arrived, too, as our acquaintances experience shows.So, to your question: What is HRs correc role nowdaespecially in terms of layoffs First, HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, not strangers. Being
29、fired is dehumanizing in any event, but to get the news from a “ hired gun” only makes matters worse Thats why HR must ensure that managers accpt their duty, which is to be in on the one conversation at work that must be personal. Pink slips should be delivered face-to-face, eyeball-to-eyeball.Secon
30、d, HRs role is to serve a the companys arbiter of equiy. Nothing raises hackles more during a layoff than the sense that some peopledanamely the loudmouths and the litigiouss getting better deals than others. HR can mitigate that dynamic by making sure across units and divisions that severance arran
31、gements, if they exist, are appropriate and evenhanded. You simply dont want people to leave feelingas if they got you-know-what. They need to walk out saying: “ At least I know i was treated fairly. Finally, HRs role is to absorbpain. In the hours and days after being let go, people need to vent, a
32、nd it is HRs job to be completely availableto console. At some point, all outplacement consultant can come into the mix to assist with a transition, but HR can never let “ the departeds feel as if theyve been sentto a leper colony. Someone connected to each let-go employees a either a colleague or H
33、R stafferdashould check in regularly. And not just to ask, “ Is everything O.K.? but to listen to the answer with an open heart, and when appropriate, offer to serve as a reference to prospective employers. Three years ago, we wrote a column called, “ o Many CEOs Get This Wrong,” and while many lett
34、ers supported our stance that too many companies undervalue HR, a significant minority pooh-poohed HR as irrelevant to the “ real works of business. Given the state of things, we wonder how those same HR-minimalists feel now. If their company is in crisisdaor their own careerdaperhaps at last theyvs
35、een the light. HR matters enormously in good times. It defines you in the bad. 1. Why does the author say that his friends note displayed a “ sense of humor” (A) Because his layoff experience showed vividly the process of “ extreme change” (B) Because he gave a vivid description of the outplacement
36、reps work style (C) Because he suggested to HR how to treat dismissed employees while he himself was fired. (D) Because he was optimistic with the support and understanding from his friends and loved family members after being dismissed. 2. The expression “ moment of truth” in thsentence “ Layoffs a
37、re yourmoment of truth .when they entered.” (para. 3) most probably means _ (A) critical moment of proving ones worth (B) time of dismissing the employees (C) important moment of telling the truth (D) time of losing ones dignit 3. Which of the following does NOT support the authors statement that “
38、HR has to make sure people are let go by their managers, not strangers.” (para. 6) (A) In that case the let-go employee would feel less dehumanized. (B) By doing so the managers treat the employees with respect. (C) HR has thus played the positive role in terms of layoffs. (D) In doing so strangers
39、will only play the role of a “ hired gun 4. The expression “ pink slips” in the sentce “ Pink slips should bedelivered face-to-face, eyeball-to-eyeball.” (pra. 6) can best be paraphrased as _. (A) a letter of invitation (B) a notice of dismissal (C) a card of condolences (D) a message of greetings 5
40、. Which of the following expresses the main idea of the passage? (A) The time to underscore the importance of HR has arrived. (B) Severance arrangements should be the focus of HRs job (C) Employees should be treated with equal respect whether hired or fired. (D) Managers must leave their duty to HR
41、when employees are dismissed. Questions 6-10 Senator Barbara Boxer (D) of California announced this month she intends to move ahead with legislation designed to lower the emission of greenhouse gases that are linked by many scientists to climate change. But the approach shes takingis flawed, and the
42、 current financial crisis can help us understand why. The centerpiece of this approach is the creation of a market for trading carbon emission credits. These credits would be either distributed free of charge or auctioned to major emitters of greenhouse gases. The firms could then buy and sell permi
43、ts under federally mandated emissions caps. If a company is able to cut emissions, it can sell excess credits for a profit. If it needs to emit more, it can buy permits on the market from other firnls.“ Cap and trade,” as it is called, is advocat by several policymakers, industry leaders, and activi
44、sts who want to fight global warming. But itds based on the trade of highly volatile financial instruments: risky at best. The better approach to climate change? A direct tax placed on emissions of greenhouse gases. The tax would create a market price for carbon emissions and lead to emissions reduc
45、tions or new technologies that cut greenhouse gases. This is an approach favored by many economists as the financially sensible way to go. And it is getting a closer look by some industry professionals and lawmakers. At first blush, it might seem crazy to advocate a tax increase during a major reces
46、sion. But there are several virtues of a tax on carbon emissions relative to a cap-and-trade program. For starters, the country already has a mechanism in place to deal with taxes. Tax collection is something the government has abundant experience with. A carbon trading scheme, on the other hand, re
47、quires the creation of elaborate new markets, institutions, and regulations to oversee and enforce it. Another relative advantage of the tax is its flexibility. It is easier to adjust the tax to adapt to changing economic, scientific, or other circumstances. If the tax is too low to be effective, it
48、 can be raised easily. If it is too burdensome it can be relaxed temporarily. In contrast, a cap-and-trade program creates emissions permits that provide substantial economic value to firms and industries. These assets limit the programs flexibility one under way, since market actors then have an in
49、terest in maintaining the status quo to preserve the value of the assets. Whats more, they can be a recipe for trouble. As my American Enterprise Institute colleagues Ken Green, Steve Hayward, and Kevin Hassett pointed out two years ago, “ sdden changes in economic conditions could lead to significant price volatility in a cap-and-trade program that would be less likely under a carbon-tax regime
