1、第二讲,数词和主谓一致,数词,一、基数词,二、序数词,三、数词的用法,1英语中年月日、钟点、序数词、分数、编号、算式表示,法列表,(续表),2.hundred, thousand, million, billion 表示确切的数目时，不能加-s。如：two hundred students。当表示不确切的数目，强调很多时，则在词尾加-s，并与 of 连用。如： hundreds of teachers,thousands of farmers, millions of stars。,3scores of 与 dozens of 都表示概数，意为“数十；许多”。如：scores of eggs
2、(许多个鸡蛋), dozens of eggs (许多个/数打鸡蛋)。,4年代的表示法有两种。如：“在二十世纪八十年代”可,写成 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s。,5数词和名词间用连字符“-”相连，通常做定语，其中的名词要用单数，相当于“冠词名词of基数词名词复数”形式。如：,an eight-year-old boy a boy of eight years old 一个 8 岁大,的男孩,a 500-word essayan essay of 500 words 一篇 500 字的文章6序数词前加 the 表示顺序。如：the Second World War 第二
3、次世界大战the first question 第一个问题,7序数词前加不定冠词 a 表示“再；又”。如：,Ive failed six times, but I decided to have a seventh try. 我已,经失败了六次，但我决定再尝试一次。,一、主谓一致原则一览表,主谓一致是指主语和谓语要保持人称和数上的一致，主语,的“人称”和“数”决定谓语动词的数。,主谓一致,（续表）,二、概念归纳,1表时间、距离、金额、重量、数字等的复数名词作“整,体”看时，谓语常用单数。如：,Two hours is quite enough.两个小时足够了。,2以-s 结尾的名词做主语时，根
4、据其意思来决定谓语动词,的单复数。,(1)表示学科的名词(physics 等)、国名(the United States 等)或组织名称(the United Nations 等)及 news 做主语时，谓语动词用单数。,(2)单复数同形的名词，如 means, works 等做主语时，谓语,动词的数根据具体情况而定。如：,Every means has been tried.每种方法都试过了。All means have been tried.所有的方法都试过了。(3)the Olympic Games 做主语时，谓语动词用复数。,3集体名词做主语时，视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数。(1)p
5、eople, police, cattle, youth 等名词做主语时，谓语动词用,复数。,(2)clothing, furniture, equipment 等名词做主语时，谓语动词,用单数。,(3)family, class, government 等名词表示整体概念时谓语动,词用单数，表示个体成员时谓语动词用复数。如：,Class 4 is on the fourth floor.4 班在 4 楼。,Class 4 are unable to agree on the plan.4 班的同学对这个计,划无法达成一致。,4“a number of/a variety of复数名词”、“t
6、he形容词”指一类人时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of/the varietyof复数名词”、“the形容词”做主语指抽象的事物时，谓语动词用单数。如：,The beautiful is loved by all.美的事物人人都爱。(表抽象概,念),The young are the hope of future.年轻人是未来的希望。(表,一类人),5以 and 连接的两个名词做主语时，谓语动词通常用复数,形式，但名词前有 each, every, no 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。如：,Walking and riding are good exercises.散步与骑车都是很好,
7、的运动。,Every boy and every girl is looking forward to the coming,festival.每个男孩和每个女孩都盼着这个即将到来的节日。注意：当 and 连接的两个单数名词在意义上指的是同一人、,物或概念时，谓语动词仍用单数。如：,The teacher and writer is popular with his students. 那位作家,兼老师很受学生欢迎。(指同一人),The teacher and the writer are talking happily. 那位老师和那,位作家正在愉快地交谈。(两个人),6动名词、不定式或从句
8、做主语时，谓语动词用单数。但,what 引导的主语从句视后面的表语而定。如：What we need is time.我们所需要的是时间。What we need are books.我们所需要的是书本。,7 主语后接 with, together with, including, combined with,along with, as well as, but, except, besides, like, rather than, in,addition to 等构成的介词短语时，谓语动词根据主语的单复数而定。如：,I, rather than you, am responsible f
9、or it.是我而不是你对此负,责。,8在“one of复数名词who/that”引导的定语从句中的谓语动词用复数，但当 one 之前有 the only, very 等修饰时，从句中的谓语动词用单数。如：,I am one of the persons in my office who were invited to the,ball.我是我们办公室里受邀去舞会的人之一。,I am the only one of the persons in my office who was invited,to the ball.我是我们办公室唯一一个受邀去舞会的人。,9glasses, shoes,
10、trousers 等复数名词前若有 pair, kind, type,box of 等量词修饰时，谓语动词根据量词的单复数而定。如：,A pair of shoes is under the bed.床下有一双鞋。My glasses are broken.我的眼镜坏了。,10由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/the rest of/most of名词/代词”或“分数/百分数of名词”做主语时，谓语动词视其所接的名词的单复数而定。如：,Three-fifths of the books are intended for the poor students
11、.五,分之三的书是为贫困学生准备的。,The rest of the money belongs to you.剩下的钱是你的。,11由 or, either.or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等连接的 名词或代词做主语及 there be 结构中，谓语动词与靠近它的主 语保持一致。如：,Not only I but also my father likes the film Wolf Warrior .,不但我而且我爸爸都喜欢战狼这部电影。,12 不定代词(all 指人除外) 、“many a 单数名词”、 “more than one单数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：,All has been finished.所有的都完成了。,All are late for the meeting.所有人开会都迟到了。,Many a student has made the same mistake.很多学生都犯了,同样的错误。,More than one person has made the suggestion.不止一个人提,出了建议。,
