1、2018 年高考及最新模拟分类汇编之词、短语辨析（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）2018 年高考词、短语辨析（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词）1.【2018北京】14. Good morning, Mr. Lees office.Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A. for B. on C. in D. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。句意： 早上好，Lee 先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和 Mr. Lee 见面） 。make an appointment f
2、or 意为“为预约”，是固定搭配，故 A 选项正确。点睛：make an appointment with sb.和某人预约；make an appointment for 为预约。2.【2018 天津】11. Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went _.A. at first B. after allC. above all D. at random【答案】B点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。对于短语而言，没有捷径可言，只有老老实实的记忆。考生除了要
3、充分利用特定语境理解词义，还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。3.【2018 天津】8. It took him a long time to_ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. display B. acquireC. teach D. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display 显示；B. acquire 获得；C. teach 教；D. test 测试。故选 B。点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清
4、选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。4.【2018 天津】6. The_ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.A. advice B. orderC. possibility D. invitation【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice 建议；B. order 命令；C. possibili
5、ty 可能性；D. invitation 邀请。故选 C。点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句 that there is life on other planets in the universe 是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。5.【2018 天津】3. At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he_ as she was so confiden
6、ce about her skills.A. gave in B. dressed upC. broke in D. turned up【答案】A点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析后句的原因状语可以判定出罗伯特最终让步，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。6.【2018 江苏】34. Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.A. keen B. reluctan
7、tC. anxious D. ready【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A. keen 敏锐的；B. reluctant 不情愿的； C. anxious 渴望的；D. ready准备好的。故选 B。点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析形容词词义的能力。因此，考生必须充分利用这一特定语境。同时，考生应注意多积累由形容词组成的固定短语。本题中 4 个选择项中都可以与 to 连用。be keen to 渴望；be reluctant to 不情愿做；be anxious to 急于；be ready to乐意，再分析句意可
8、以得出答案。7.【2018 江苏】33. Chinas soft power grows _ the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.A. in line with B. in reply toC. in return for D. in honour of【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。A. in line with 按照；与.一致；B. in reply to 答复；C. in return for作为 . 的报酬； D. i
9、n honour of 为纪念。故选 A。点睛：本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析介词短语的能力。考生平时在学习中多积累之外还需要充分利用特定语境理解词义，还应注意多辨析意思相近的介词短语，重点关注他们用法上的区别。8.【2018 江苏】32. Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the _ youve made.A. assignment B. associationC. acquisition D. assumption【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是
10、按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment 分配；B. association 交往；C. acquisition 获得；D. assumption 假设。故选 D。点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening 实际发生和 instead of 而不是，可知是假设，从而选出正确答案。9.【2018 江苏】25. Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _ a clear road map and timetable.
11、A. calls for B. calls onC. calls off D. calls up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for 需要；B. calls on 号召；C. calls off 取消；D. calls up 使想起。故选 A。点睛：本题考查动词短语辨析。分析全句句意，再联系所学短语就不难选出正确答案。同学平时学习过程中要多注意词汇和短语的积累，尤其是含义比较多的词汇和短语。10.【 2018江苏】22. Kids shouldnt have access to violent
12、films because they might _ the things they see.A. indicate B. investigateC. imitate D. innovate【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事情。A. indicate 指示；B. investigate 调查；C. imitate 模仿；D. innovate改革。故选 C。点睛：本题考查动词辨析。动词和动词短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点，解题时要区分清选择项的含义与区别，再联系句意进行判断，从而选出正确答案。考生在平时学习过程中要注重动
13、词和动词短语的识记与掌握。11.【 2018海淀二模】15. This view is common _ all sections of the community.A. across B. aboveC. around D. along【答案】A12.【 2018滨海 7 校联考】14. We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7:30, but Jack failed to _.A. break up B. set upC. turn up D. give up【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组。A. break up 打碎，解散； B. set up 建立；
14、 C. turn up 出现，调高； D. give up 放弃。句意：我们安排在 7:30 在电影院见面，但杰克没能来。根据句意可知答案为 C。13.【 2018滨海 7 校联考】8. “Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, _ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity.A. the one that B. one thatC. one D. the
15、one【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查代词的用法。one 表示泛指，相当于“a(an)+名词”，代替的是同类事物中的“一个” ；that 表示特指，相当于“the+名词” ；代词 one=“ a/“ an +n 处 one=“a“ product-making power；而_driven by innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity中 driven by 只是一个非谓语短语（be driven by 被驱使）作定语，因此不需要连词引导。所以排除 A、 B。one 表示泛指，相当于“the+ 名词”可以排除 D。句意：“2025 中国制造
16、” 的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。故选 C。考点：考查考查代词的用法。14.【 2018滨海 7 校联考】6. Janes grandmother had wanted to write _ childrens book for many years, _ but one thing or another always got in _ way.A. a; 不填 B. the; theC. 不填; the D. a; the【答案】D【考点定位】考查冠词的使用15.【 2018滨海 7 校联考】4. The guidance
17、teacher was their adviser, offering them suggestions and solutions when they _ difficulties.A. arose B. encounteredC. emerged D. evaluated【答案】B【解析】考查动词。A. arose 出现； B. encountered 遇到；C. emerged 浮现，暴露； D. evaluated 评估。指导老师是他们的导师，当他们遇到困难时，给他们提供建议和解决方案。可知答案为 B。16.【 2018滨海 7 校联考】5. The police officers d
18、ecided to conduct a thorough and _ review of the case.A. comprehensive B. complicatedC. conscious D. constant【答案】A【解析】考查形容词。句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A 项“ 综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B 项 “复杂的” ；C 项“有意识的”；D 项“经常的”。故选 A 项。17.【 2018江苏 97 校联考】13. Congratulations on your girlfriends being offered the job.Thank you, but
19、 shes got it _ her greater perseverance.A. in terms of B. in response toC. by virtue of D. with respect to【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语。A. in terms of 根据；B. in response to 响应；C. by virtue of 由于，凭借；D. with respect to 关于。句意：-祝贺你的女朋友找到了工作。 -谢谢，她是凭借更大的毅力得到的。根据句意选 C.18.【 2018江苏 97 校联考】10. More and more people tend to
20、go to E-libraries in that they have access to books when they are unable to get to a library.A. accidentally B. physicallyC. voluntarily D. appropriately【答案】B19.【 2018江苏 97 校联考】7. Evidence begins to that the earth and the rest of the universe are in fact changing with time.A. accumulate B. accelerat
21、eC. accompany D. approve【答案】A【解析】考查动词。A. accumulate 累积；B. accelerate 加速；C. accompany 陪伴；D. approve 批准。句意：地球和宇宙的其他部分实际上在随着时间而改变的证据开始累积。指证据积累，故选 A.20.【 2018江苏 97 校联考】4. Nowadays when travelling, travelers usually use the We-chat to share their feelings about their trips with descriptions of their expe
22、riences, offering viewers a(n) for the imagination of reality.A. feast B. accountC. landscape D. principle【答案】A【解析】考查名词。A. feast 盛宴；B. account 账户；C. landscape 风景；D. principle 原理。句意：如今旅行时，旅行者通常会利用微信来描述他们的旅行体验，并向观看者提供真实想象的盛宴。故选 A.21.【 2018江苏 97 校联考】1. Courage, according to some successful persons, is
23、as to pioneering work as the intelligence, even more so.A. accessible B. alternativeC. essential D. commercial【答案】C23.【 2018江苏 97 校联考】2. The police have anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.A. appealed to B. attended toC. responded to D. attached to【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语。A. appealed to 呼吁；B. attended to 出席，参加；C. responded to做出反应；D. attached to 附属于。句意：警方呼吁任何知道信息的人站出来与他们交谈。表示呼吁，故选 A.
