1、专题九 并列句和状语从句全国卷考情分析 题型分类 典题试做 命题解读语法填空1(2016 年全国卷)In much of Asia，especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，and Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.2(2016 年全国卷)Over time，as/when the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more qu
2、ickly.1并列连词(考查的重点：and， but，or，so，when ，while)；2状语从句的引导词。短文改错1(2017 年全国卷)Before getting into the car， I thought I had learned the instructors orders， sobut/yet once I started the car.blank.2(2016 年全国卷)If we stay at home，it is comfortable butand there is no need to spend money.3(2016 年全国卷)Though not v
3、ery big，the restaurant is popular in our area.but1并列连词的错用或缺失；2状语从句连接词的错用；3并列连词和状语从句的连接词的同时使用错误。(对应学生用书第 242 页)并列连词先试做题组.单句语法填空1(2016 年北京高考)I am not afraid of tomorrow，for I have seen yesterday and I love today.2(2015 年北京高考)He is a shy man，but he is not afraid of anything or anyone.单句改错1(2017 年北京高考)
4、Peter，please send us postcards for well know where you have visited.No problem.forso2Although history cant be changed，but lessons can be learned to face the future.去掉 but 或 butyet再解读要点1表并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词：and，both .and .，neither .nor .，not only .but also .，as well as(湖北高考)Not only can a beautiful smile
5、 make ourselves happy，but also it enables others to feel delighted.一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。2表转折的并列连词：but，yet；表对比关系的并列连词： while(2015 年福建高考)The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。(重庆高考)I was never very nea
6、t，while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。易错警示but 不与 although/though 连用，但 yet，still 可与 although/though 连用。3表选择关系的并列连词：or，either .or .，not .but .(2015 年安徽高考)They gave money to the old peoples home either personally or through their companies.他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是以个人的名义，有的
7、则是通过他们的公司。4表因果关系的并列连词：so，for (表“由于” ，一般不放在句首 )(山东高考)He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。5when 可用于并列连词，意为“这时，那时” ，相当于 and this/that time。常用于下列句式：be about to do sth.when .“正要做某事，这时突然 ”be on the point of doing sth.when .“正要做某事，这时突然 ”be
8、doing sth.when .“正在做某事，这时突然”had done sth.when .“刚做完某事，这时突然 ”(2017 年天津高考)I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。(福建高考)She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹
9、钢琴。技法点拨 并列句与语法填空 并列句与短文改错并列连词的考查主要是通过句子意义及两个并列成分之间的关系来判断连词词义。解题时准确理解题干的意义，理清前后逻辑关系很重要。1分析句子结构及句与句之间的关系和相应的标点符号，确定是否需要连接词连接，从而确定是否缺少连词或连词多余，以便增删连接词。2分析句子间的意义关系，判断句子间连接词的使用是否正确，然后予以改正。and 表并列；yet/but表转折；or 表选择；so 表因果；while 表对比；when表“就在这时”等，在做短文改错时一定要记牢。状语从句先试做题组.单句语法填空1(2017 年唐山一中仿真模拟)Gates was only 2
10、1 years old when he first helped to set up the company in 1976.2(2017 年石家庄二模)That morning I made sure I had enough to drink and went to the toilet about three times before we left.3(2016 年浙江高考) While/Although/Though online shopping has changed our life，not all of its effects have been positive.4(201
11、6 年北京高考)I really enjoy listening to music because/as it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.5(2015 年北京高考) Once/If the damage is done， it will take many years for the farmland to recover.单句改错1Though it is 20 years before we last met，I still remember the scene where we go
12、t separated on a snowy day.beforesince2(2017 年海淀期末)Hard although it is，the Chinese government is determined to open up the new Silk Road.althoughas/though3(湖南高考)You will never gain success if you are fully devoted to your work.ifunless再解读要点一、时间状语从句1when，while 和 as 引导的时间状语从句when从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句
13、的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生while从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边，一边；随着”(2016 年江苏高考) While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。(2016 年天津高考) As the average age of the population inc
14、reases，there are more and more old people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。2表示“一就”的连词引导的时间状语从句(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly(2016 年上海高考) The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work， she was filled with joy.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。(2)
15、在 hardly.when.，no sooner.than. 结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或 when 所在的从句用一般过去时。(全国卷)I had hardly got to the office，when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我回家。3before，since 引导的时间状语从句(1) before 表示“在之前；还未就；还没有来得及就” 。常用句式：It will be/was一段时间before.过了时间才；It wont be/wasnt一段时间before.没过多久就 。(2015 年
16、天津高考)We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。(2015 年重庆高考)If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。(2)since 意为 “自从以来 ”，常用句式：It is/ has been一段时间since 从句(常用过去时)。since 从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。(四
17、川高考)As is reported，it is over 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。4till/until 引导的时间状语从句until/till 用于肯定句表示“直到为止” ，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not.until/till.表示“直到才” ， not 所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until 可用于句首，而 till 不能。(2017 年北京高考) If you dont understand something，you may research，st
18、udy，and talk to other people until you figure it out.如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。She didnt start the lesson until the pupils settled down.等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。5every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time 等引导的时间状语从句(北京高考) By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get co
19、ld.等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。二、让步状语从句1although， though，as 和 while 引导的让步状语从句(1)though 引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although 引导的从句不倒装；as 引导的从句必须用倒装语序： 表语/状语/ 动词原形as/though主语其他，若表语是可数名词单数，前置时要省略冠词。(2)though 可用作副词，意为“然而” ，表转折，置于句末。(3)while 引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。(2016 年北京高考) Although these measures are not effective forever，they ar
20、e vital for now.虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。2even if 与 even though 引导的让步状语从句even if/even though 引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便” 。(湖南高考)Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesnt get much exercise.蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。3 “疑问词ever”引导的让步状语从句wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which ，how) ever 表示“无论”
21、，引导让步状语从句时，相当于 no matter where(what，who，whom ，when，which，how)。(2015 年安徽高考)It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。(湖南高考) However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减
22、肥很难。4whether.or.引导的让步状语从句whether.or.意为“无论 还是” ，提供两种对比情况。(重庆高考)All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。三、其他状语从句状语从句 连词条件状语从句if，unless( if.not)，so/as long as(只要) ，on condition th
23、at，in case(万一)，suppose/supposing，provided/providing原因状语从句because，as，since，now that，considering that (考虑到，鉴于)目的状语从句 so that，in order that，in case (以防)结果状语从句 so that，so.that.，such.that.地点状语从句 where，wherever方式状语从句 as(正如，正像)，as if/as though(好像)比较状语从句 than，as.as.，not as/so.as.(2015 年浙江高考)Just as a single
24、 word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。(山东高考)He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。易错警示as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相
25、反时，用过去时；与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来情况相反时，用 would/could/might动词原形。技法点拨状语从句与语法填空 状语从句与短文改错状语从句的考查集中在连词的使用上。解题时要认真分析主、从句之间的逻辑关系，明确从句表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较等，再根据各种从句固定使用的连接词确定正确答案。1分析句子结构，找到主句的谓语动词，确定句子的主谓结 构，查看句子连接是否正确。2理解句意，把握句子的内在逻辑关系，确定从句在句中的作用及连接词在句中所作的成分，检查连接词是否正确。(对应学生用书第 245 页)核心考点针对练.单句语法填空1(2017 年江苏高考)
26、Located where the Belt meets the Road，Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.2(2017 年海口二模)There was a way to help him grow more，but his parents did not have enough money to pay for his medical needs.3(2017 年云南昆明期中)If we make good use of public transport，the environment will b
27、e better.4(2017 年湖南十三校联考)I wish my house would be built where we can enjoy beautiful scenery with mountains and rivers.5(2017 年福州高中毕业班质检)Actually ，though/although/while weve done a lot to develop a lowcarbon economy，it doesnt live up to our expectations.6(2017 年潍坊一模)It remains to be seen whether peo
28、ple really want to carry both a smart phone and a smart watch.7(2017 年安庆重点中学模拟)There are several reasons for sleep.We sleep because we need to dream.8(2017 年四川成都期中)The Internet has created thousands of millionaires，but/yet BernersLee is not one of them.9It is a long time since they separated，but it
29、wont be long before they meet again.10Difficulties strengthen the mind，as labor does the body.单句改错1(2017 年北京高考)Although birds use their feathers for flight，but some of their feathers are for other purposes.去掉 but 或 butyet2(2016 年四川高考)Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mothers Day.orand3(2017 年
30、洛阳市统考)She kept on turning back to see me unless we couldnt see each other any longer.unlessuntil4(2017 年长春市质检)It is three years when I became a high school student.whensince5I couldnt wait to tell my parents the moment when I heard the news.去掉 when.语法与写作1既然你不得不整天待在教室里，你倒不如利用这个机会全身心地投入到学习上。Now that/S
31、ince you have to stay in the classroom all day，you might as well put your heart into your studies. 173】2只要你坚持按你制定的提高英语的计划来，你的英语就会越来越好。As long as you stick to the plan youve made to improve your English，your English will get better and better.3尽管我们的政府已采取了一些措施，但是污染却越来越严重。Although/Though our government
32、 has taken some measures，the pollution is still getting worse and worse.4每次我想尽力说服他们，但总是以争吵结束。Every time I tried to persuade them，we always ended up quarrelling.5今天下午我没空，因为我和牙医有约。Im not available this afternoon because I have made an appointment with my dentist高考题型综合练.语法填空(2017 年河南郑州市第一次质检) Tea is co
33、nsumed around the world more than any other drink except water.Originating in China， tea has long established 1 (it) as the national drink of this country.A century before the birth of Christ，tea 2 (describe) in Chinese texts as a health drink that made one live 3 (long)Today，it is still being regar
34、ded as such.Both green and black teas are claimed to be effective for 4 (prevent) cancer， heart disease，and many other deadly diseases.There is only one point 5 people need to be aware of when they drink teait should not be drunk along with meals.Tea，a popular drink in China and many other countries
35、， 6 (be) carefully prepared according to local customs.The Chinese put loose tea in teapots，add boiling water，and serve it in teacups.The strong tea from Chinas Fujian Province is drunk in tiny cups before dinner.Lighter tea with jasmine (茉莉) ，rose or other 7 (flower)，usually served after dinner，is
36、special to Chinas Changjiang River regions.Many English people，travelling away from home，feel 8 a loss if their favourite teabags are not available.Afternoon tea in England is still a timehonoured tradition.Its a good opportunity for people to socialize or discuss business matters.In Japan，a tea cer
37、emony is often held while people are drinking tea.The ceremony，usually 9 (hold) in a teahouse，dates back to the 16th century.Guests follow strict rules set up then and the tea used is a powdered green tea.Though still practised today，the ceremony may not be as popular 10 it used to be.【语篇解读】 本文为说明文，
38、主要介绍了茶的渊源及几个国家的茶文化。1itself 考查代词。此处填的代词与句子主语 tea 形成互指关系，故用反身代词。2was described 考查时态和语态。根据 语境中的时间状语 A century before the birth of Christ 可知，事情发生在过去，且 tea 和 describe 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。3longer 考查比较级。此处表示“让人活得更长” ，故用 longer。4preventing 考查动名 词。介词后跟名词、代 词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词 preventing。5that 考查定语从句。that 引导定语
39、从句，在从句中作介词 of 的宾语，修饰先行词 one point。6is 考查主谓一致。句子主语为 Tea，且与下文的“is drunk”在时态上呼应，故此处用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。7flowers 考查名词复数。flower 是可数名词， 由前面的 other 可知，此处表示复数概念。8at 考查 介词。固定搭配 at a loss 意为“困惑，不知所措” ，故用介词 at。9held 考查非谓语动词。 hold 与句子谓语之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。句子主语 The ceremony 与 hold 构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。10as 考查连词。由“ as形容词as
40、”的结构可知，此处应用连词 as 引导比较状语从句。.短文改错(2017 年四川成都市第一次诊断性检测) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。During my second month of nursing school，our profe
41、ssors gave us a quiz.I had smoothly finished the others questions when I got stuck on the last one：“Whats the first name of the woman who clean the school？” I had seen，many times，the woman，tall and in her fifty，but how could I know her name? I handed in my paper， leave the last question blankly.Afte
42、r a class ended，one student asked for the answer for the question.The professor said， “As you know，that in your careers you will meet many people.You should respect them and care about them，even you just smile and say helloto them.”【答案】 During my second month of nursing school，our gave us a quiz.I h
43、ad professorsprofessorsmoothly finished the questions when I got stuck on the last one：“Whats othersotherthe first name of the woman who the school？” I had seen，many times，the cleancleanswoman，tall and in her ，but how could I know her name? I handed in my fiftyfiftiespaper， the last question .After class ended，one student asked for leaveleaving blanklyblank athethe answer the question.The professor said， “As you know, in your careers forto thatyou will meet many people.You should respect them and care about them，even you just smile and say hello to them.” if/though174】
