1、第 12 讲 定语从句的 4 个易错点以及解题的 3 种方法备考指导 定语从句是历年高考中考查的最多的一个考点，通常是以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的形式进行考查。解决定语从句类题目通常使用的方法有：看是否是考查固定句型中固定用法，是否可以运用分析句式结构与句子成分来判断，是否可以运用句子中的某些特定的动词来判断，是否可以通过运用还原法来做出正确的判断。一、定语从句的 4 个易错点易错点 1 as 与 which 在定语从句中的区别正确判断找出先行词，看是否有“such” “the same”等词的修饰，是否翻译为“正如” 。典例展示 1 A lot of language lear
2、ning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.答案 as解析 关系代词指整个一句话 A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。as 用在句首，which 用在句末，正确答案应该是 as。典例展示 2 We recommend that our human beings treat the
3、 nature with the same care _ we give to our eyes.答案 as解析 先行词有 the same 修饰，其后定语从句则用 that 或 as 引导。that 表示同一个物，as 表示同类中的一个。根据题意可知应用 as。易错点 2 关系词在句中的作用判断失误定语从句中先行词为 case, point, position, situation 等词时，一定要确定它们在定语从句中所作的成分，如作状语，用关系副词 where；作主/宾语时，用 that 或 which。典例展示 1 Later in this chapter cases will be i
4、ntroduced to readers _ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.答案 where解析 句意：在本章的后一部分，将给读者介绍一些案例，在这些案例中，消费者的投诉已经使法律做出了修改。根据句意判定 cases 为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作状语，相当于 in these cases, in whichwhere，即先行词在从句中作状语。典例展示 2 Remember that there is still one point _ we must make clear at the conference t
5、omorrow.答案 that解析 句意：记住还有一点是我们必须在明天会议上弄清楚的。先行词为 point，代入定语从句中作 make 的宾语(make the point clear)，故用关系代词 that。易错点 3 定语从句与强调句的判断在定语从句与强调句的结合中， “先行词定语从句”多为强调句中的被强调部分。第一空的设置多是对定语从句的考查，第二空多为强调句型。典例展示 1 It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _ he spent his childhood.答案 which；that解析 句
6、意：他是在他父亲用石头建造的那座小房子里度过了他的童年。前一空中 which引导定语从句，修饰前面的 house；后一空是强调句型。判断句子是否为强调句，只要将强调句型中的 It is/was，that/who 去掉句子意思完整，这就是强调句型。典例展示 2 It is few people，_ have come to ask for the position，_ I think are fit for the job.答案 who；that解析 第一空考查非限制性定语从句的关系词，people 是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，用 who 引导。第二空考查强调句型中的 that。易错点 4 由
7、分隔问题而导致的错误正确分析句子结构，翻译句子含义，是做好此种题目的关键。典例展示 1 The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.答案 when解析 句意：仅靠体力能谋生的时代一去不复返了。先行词为 days，将其带入空格后的定语从句中可知该先行词作状语，表时间，相当于 in which，故用关系副词 when。典例展示 2 Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.答案 when解析 句意
8、：我很少有这样的机会：抽出一天的时间陪孩子。根据句意可知，本题考查定语从句中的关系词。先行词为 occasions，意为“机会” 。由于空格后的句子不缺少成分，故应填关系副词 when，在定语从句中作状语，相当于 on which。二、解决定语从句的 3 种方法方法 1 先行词还原法如果认为是定语从句，大家可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，如果此句意思通顺，则为定语从句。典例展示 1 (2016四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite._答案 whatthat/which 或去掉 what解析 分析句子结构可知，dishes 后面为定语从
9、句，从句中缺少 cooked 的宾语，故可以使用 that/which 或省略。应把 what 改为 that/which 或去掉 what。典例展示 2 (2016全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid 1980s, _ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.答案 whe
10、n解析 分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句。定语从句修饰前面的“the mid1980s” ，且从句缺少时间状语，故用 when 引导该定语从句。方法 2 四步分析法正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点，大家可以使用“四步分析法”来正确解答试题。一看指人还是物；二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用；四看是否性特殊。典例展示 1 In the playground I saw a boy _ I thought was your brother.答案 who解析 I thought 是插入语，因此定语从句缺主语，先行词为 a boy。句意：在操场上，我看到一个男孩，我觉得是你的弟
11、弟。故填 who。典例展示 2 There are many people think that wealth is better than health._答案 people 后加 who解析 many people 后为定语从句，缺少引导词。故 people 后加 who。方法 3 固定搭配法在解答定语从句时还要注意一些固定短语，这样就需要确定关系词前的介词等。典例展示 1 I bought the same dress _ she is wearing.答案 as解析 先行词被 the same 修饰，定语从句缺少宾语，故用 as 引导。典例展示 2 James，for _ money
12、is now no problem, has run another business in his hometown.答案 whom解析 句意：对他来说钱不是问题，詹姆斯在家乡又做了另外一个生意。定语从句的先行词是 James，whom 指代先行词作 for 的宾语。跟踪训练考点突破.用适当的关系代/副词填空1She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of _ had taken more than three years.2Between the two parts of the concert is an int
13、erval，_ the audience can buy ice cream.3Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，_ it will keep for two or three weeks.4English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of _ uses it somewhat differently.5A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and a
14、sk for it back when it begins to rain.6She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.7The school shop，_ customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.8The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living
15、.9I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend，_ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.10Julie was good at German，French and Russian，all of _ she spoke fluently. 11I have three foreign teachers, two of _ are from Canada.12This is the only way _ we can find at present.13The house in _ I used to
16、 live has become a shoe shop.14Can you work out a way_we can solve this problem.15I didnt know the reason _ he came late.单句改错1. I work in a business when almost everyone is waiting for a great chance._2He is waiting for a bus by that he can go to Beijing._3There were two buildings，the larger which s
17、tands nearly a hundred metres high._4I have many friends，of who some are businessmen._5Australia is the only country which is also a continent._6The little girl, whom was not little anymore, left home and went into the world._7When you get stressed, one of the first things which happen is that blood
18、 pressure rises._8Mrs. White is a teacher with rich teaching experience, from which much can be learned. _9The old woman often told her grandson the past days that she worked hard to make a living._10After graduation she reaches a point in her career which she needs to decide what to do and she can
19、do what she enjoys._能力提升.阅读理解ACars and airplanes changed life in the 20th century.New changes in transportation are going to make life very different in the 21st century，too.Trains and planes will be faster and more comfortable.Planes will also be bigger.NEW AIRPLANESToday the biggest planes carry a
20、bout 400 passengers.Soon airlines will build larger planes.These new large planes will carry 600800 passengers.Now highspeed planes travel from London to New York in 3 hours.They carry only 100 passengers.New highspeed planes will be bigger and faster.They will fly from London to New York in only 1.
21、5 hours and they will carry 300 people.A ticket on these fast planes will be very expensive.So most people will not take them.HIGHSPEED TRAINSMany people will take new，highspeed trains instead of planes.Today most trains can go 80 miles per hour (130 km/h)Japans bullet train can go 150 mph (240 km/h
22、)The most watched ShanghaiNanjing highspeed intercity(城市间的) railway opened on July 1，which is covering 301 km from Shanghai Hongqiao to Nanjing.The train runs at 300 to 350 km per hour.New highspeed trains will go more than 300 mph (480 km/h)，twice faster than the bullet train.Germany，Switzerland an
23、d Japan will be the first countries to use these new highspeed trains.Other countries plan to have the new train，too.In the future，the trains we have today may not be used at all.1Planes will travel _ faster in the future than now.Ahalf BtwiceCthree times Dfour times2Which of the following is TRUE a
24、ccording to the passage?AJapans bullet train is the fastest train in the world.BThe ShanghaiNanjing highspeed train runs faster than Japans bullet train.CTrains will become smaller in the future.DTrains will run faster than planes.3Which of the following words cant be used to describe the future tra
25、ins and planes?AFast. BComfortable.CBig. DCheap.4Whats the passage mainly about?APredictions about the future trains and planes.BPlanes which will be faster and more comfortable than trains.CTrains which will take the place of planes.DPlanes and trains which will become the main means of transport i
26、n the future.BA new study of 8，000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily，it is a bad thing for young people.Puppy love(早恋)may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression(忧郁症)The study shows that girl
27、s become more depressed than boys，and younger girls are the worst of all.The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”According to the study，even though boys would say “lose themselves in a romantic relationship”，this “loss of self” is
28、much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls.Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions.They wont tell that to their parents.Dr.Marianm Kaufman，an expert on young people problems，says 15% to 20% young people will have depression dur
29、ing their growing.Trying romance often causes the depression.She advises kids not to jump into romance too early.During growing up，it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self.She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their
30、friends，attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.Parents should watch for signs of depressioneating or mood changesand if they see signs from their daughters or sons，they need to give help.The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to
31、 become weak with age.Love will always make us feel young，but only maturity(成熟)gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.5Whats the main idea of the passage?AParents should forbid their childrens love.BPuppy love may bring young people depression.CRomance is a twoedged sword for adults.DRomanc
32、e is good for young people.6Which of the following is more likely to have depression?AYoung people who have a strong sense of selfishness.BYoung boys whose parents watch for their behavior.CYoung girls who always hide their feelings and opinions.DCareless parents whose children are deep in love.7Wha
33、t can be inferred from the passage?AThe older a woman is，the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance.BEarly love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents.CParents should help their children to be aware of the signs of depression.DLacking love can lead young people to grow
34、up more quickly.语法填空Computer programmer David Jones, 1._ earns 35，000 a year designing new computer games, yet cannot find a bank 2._ is ready to let him have a credit card(信用卡)Instead, he has been told to wait until he is 18，3._ he is old enough to get the rights. The 16yearold boy works for a smal
35、l firm in Liverpool, 4._ the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job. But Davids biggest headache now is 5._ to do with his money. David got his job with the Liverpoolbased company four months ago. “I got the job 6._ the people 7._ run the firm knew I had written some programs alrea
36、dy， ”he said. “I had been studying computing 8._ was not part of our studies at school in books and magazines for four years in my spare time. I knew 9._ I want to do and never considered staying on at school. Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway.” David added: “I would like to earn
37、 a million and I suppose early retirement is a possibility. You never know 10._ the market might disappear.”第 12 讲 定语从句的 4 个易错点以及解题的 3 种方法考点突破.1.which 2.when 3.where 4.which 5.where 6.which 7.where 8.when 9.where 10.which 11.whom 12.that 13.which 14.that/in which15why.1.whenwhere 2.thatwhich 3.which 前加 of4whowhom 5.whichthat 6.whomwho7whichthat 8.whichwhom 9.thatwhen10whichwhere能力提升.1.B 2B 3D 4A 5B 6C 7A .1.who 2.that 3.when 4.where 5.what6because 7.who 8.which 9.what 10.when
