2019届高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材课文要点 Module 4 Great Scientists（课件+试题）（打包5套）外研版必修4.zip

1Module 4 Great ScientistsⅠ.阅读理解阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。Benjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cat’s lot was about to improve. That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen. In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景)painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.”While 2it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.1.What is the text mainly about?A.Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.B.Williams’ influence on Benjamin.C.The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A.The cat would be closely watched.B.The cat would get some medical care.C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.B.He provided him with painting materials.C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D.He taught him how to make engravings.4.Williams’ two books helped Benjamin to . A.master the use of paintsB.appreciate landscape paintingsC.get to know other paintersD.make up his mind to be a painterⅡ.七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2017 山东师大附中模拟八)Every living thing has genes. Genes carry information. 1 They make sure that humans give birth to humans and cows give birth to cows. They also make sure that a dog doesn’t give birth to a frog, or an elephant to a horse. However, genetic engineers take genes from one species—for example, a snake, and transfer them to another—for example, corn. 2 Such new life forms have been described, by some scientists as a real-life Frankenstein. 3Genetic engineers put genes from ducks into chickens to make the chickens bigger. They put hormones(激素)into cows to make them produce more milk. They put genes from flowers into beans and from fish into tomatoes. 3 It just makes them easier and faster for the farmer to grow. The effects of genetic engineering on the natural world may be disastrous. The engineers may create strange life beings, or monsters, that we cannot control. 4 They’ll have to find one, fight for one—or kill for one. It may be your land they fight for—or you that they kill. Moreover, the effects of these experiments can often be cruel. In America, pigs were given human genes to make them bigger and less fatty. The experiment failed. The pigs became very ill and began to lose their eyesight. We would all like a better, healthier and longer life, and genetic engineering might give us this. On the other hand, it may be a dangerous experiment with nature. In the story of Frankenstein, the doctor created such a terrible and dangerous monster that he had to destroy it. 5 A.The information tells us what to do or what not to do.B.We must make sure that this tale remains a story—and no more than that.C.This doesn’t make them cheaper, tastier, or healthier.D.The new life forms have no natural habitat or home.E.Then they feed the tomatoes to the fish.F.In this way a new life form is created.G.They are passed on from generation to generation.1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Ⅲ.完形填空阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2017 河北正定中学模拟)Imagine being born without arms. No arms to hug someone, and no hands to 1 touch. Or what about being born without legs? Having no 2 to dance, walk, run, or even stand on two feet. Now put both of those scenes together: no arms and no legs. How would that 3 one’s everyday life? Without any medical explanation, Nick Vujicic came into the world with neither arms nor legs. Imagine the 4 his parents felt when they saw their baby being what the world would consider 4imperfect and 5 . Little did they know that this beautiful limbless baby would one day be someone who would 6 and motivate people from all walks of life. Throughout his childhood Nick dealt with the 7 of self-respect, and struggled with depression and 8 . As Nick grew up he learned to deal with his 9 and started to be able to do more and more things on his own. He 10 to his situation and found ways to 11 tasks that most people could only do by using their limbs, such as cleaning teeth, 12 hair, typing on a computer, etc. As time 13 , Nick began to eagerly accept his 14 and achieve greater things. Nick got a double bachelor’s degree 15 in accounting and financial planning. By the age of 19, Nick had started to 16 his dream of encouraging others by sharing his story through 17 speaking. He found the purpose of his 18 . Now at 27 years old, he has accomplished more than most people. He has travelled around, 19 his story with millions of people. He is a true inspirational and motivational 20 . 1.A.understand B.experience C.know D.prevent2.A.chance B.interest C.reason D.ability3.A.limit B.affect C.improve D.design4.A.shock B.excitement C.calmness D.eagerness5.A.abnormal B.unique C.extraordinary D.unqualified6.A.teach B.organize C.inspire D.comfort7.A.challenge B.management C.question D.load8.A.tiredness B.loneliness C.happiness D.relief9.A.fault B.disability C.shortage D.willpower10.A.devoted B.attended C.adapted D.stuck11.A.accomplish B.attainC.find D.reduce512.A.wearing B.working C.brushing D.losing13.A.went up B.went ahead C.went away D.went by14.A.position B.situation C.state D.emergency15.A.researching B.majoringC.aiming D.choosing16.A.finish B.undertake C.support D.realize17.A.meaningful B.significant C.motivational D.strong18.A.action B.existence C.behavior D.communication19.A.telling B.recalling C.writing D.sharing20.A.doctor B.driver C.speaker D.writer答案精解精析 Ⅰ.阅读理解[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。Benjamin 小时候喜欢画画,很有画画的天赋。在他的堂兄和一位知名画家的影响下,他立志成为一名画家。1.C 主旨要义题。本文讲述了美国画家 Benjamin West 小时候的画画经历及他是如何立志成为一名画家的,故选 C。2.D 推理判断题。本句前面的内容是他被迫承认了他在猫的身上薅毛做画笔的事,后面讲到他的堂兄送给他真正的颜料和画笔。而此句的意思是“猫的命运将得到改善”。由此推断此句暗示“他将很快得到真正的画笔”。3.B 事实细节题。由文章的第三段可知,Benjamin 的堂兄 Pennington 给他提供了颜料和画笔;由第五段可知Pennington 给他提供了创作油画的材料,故选 B。4.D 推理判断题。从文章的最后一段可知 Williams 给了他两本有关画画的经典著作,但是他其实不是很懂,不过却爱不释手。同时从最后一句“The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.”也可以看出这两本书帮助他下定决心成为一名画家。Ⅱ.七选五[语篇解读] 本文是一篇生物科技方面的文章,讲述了基因和遗传的问题。61.G 上文说基因承载着信息,下文说它们使人能够生出人,牛生出牛,也就是说基因是代代相传的,故 G 项符合上下文语境。2.F 从一种物种上提取基因转移到另一物种上,这样新的物种就形成了,故 F 项符合语境。3.C 由下文的“对农民来说,它们只是更容易、更快地生长”可知,C 项“这没有使它们更便宜、更好吃或者更健康”符合语境。4.D 由下文的它们将不得不为找一个栖息地而斗争或者厮杀,也就是说它们没有天然的栖息地,故 D 项符合语境。5.B 故事中,医生创造了可怕的物种,所以不得不消灭它,因此我们只能确保这只是一个故事,不让其真的发生,故 B 项符合语境。Ⅲ.完形填空[语篇解读] 本文主要讲述了英国励志演说家尼克的故事。他是闻名世界的演说家, 却有着难以想象的不幸的命运!他一出生就无缘无故地缺少四肢, 但是他却凭着自己的努力在生活和事业中变得很成功。1.B experience 意为“经历, 体验”,此处指没有手去体验触摸的感觉。2.D 根据上文可知, 没有腿会怎么样, 那么当然就是没有跳舞、走路、奔跑甚至是站立的能力了。ability能力。3.B 结合语境, that 指代的是上文所说的没有腿没有胳膊的情况, 这又会怎样影响一个人的日常生活呢?affect 影响。4.A 他的父母看到自己的儿子是人们所认为的那种不完美和不正常的人, 当然会感到震惊了, 没有家长希望自己的孩子是那样的。shock 震惊。5.A 由第二段第一句 with neither arms nor legs 可知, 他出生的时候没有胳膊也没有腿, 说明他是一个不正常(abnormal)的人。6.C 根据结构, 本空应当与 motivate 并列,因此选 inspire“鼓舞;鼓励”。7.A 整个儿童时期, 尼克都在应对自尊心的挑战,并和压抑与孤独作斗争。challenge 挑战。8.B 本空应当与 depression 并列, 故只能选 loneliness(孤独)。9.B 随着尼克长大,他学会处理自己的残疾问题了。disability 残疾。10.C 考查固定搭配。adapt to 适应。这里指的是尼克适应自己的境况。11.A 此处指找到完成任务的方法, accomplish 完成。12.C brush hair 梳头发, 与前文 cleaning teeth 并列。13.D 随着时间的流逝, 尼克开始接受自己的境况, 并且获得一些较大的成就。go by 特指时间的流逝。14.B 由上文的 adapted to his situation 提示可知用 situation,这里指的是尼克自己的境况。715.B 尼克获得了双学士学位(Nick got a double bachelor’s degree), 主修会计和金融策划专业。major in 主修。16.D realize one’s dream 实现某人的梦想。17.C motivational speaking 励志演讲;尼克通过自己的励志演讲来鼓舞其他人;motivational adj.动机的;激发性的。18.B 尼克找到了自己存在的目的。existence 存在。19.D 尼克到处旅行, 与人们分享自己的故事。由 17 空前的 sharing 也可判断选 D。share 分享。20.C speaker 演讲者;这里是说尼克是一位真正的励志演说家。1Module 4 Great Scientists1 课文与语法填空阅读所学课文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Yuan Longping is a leading figure in the rice-growing world,born and 1. (bring)up in China.When he was a boy,he 2. (educate)in many schools,and was given the nickname,“the student 3. asks questions”. He was interested 4. plants from an early age,and he studied agriculture in college.As a young teacher,he began experiments in crop breeding.He thought there was only one way 5. (have)more rice quickly.That was to cross different species of rice plant.Then he began his search for a special type of rice plant.It had to be male and sterile.When the 6. (nature)sterile male rice plant was discovered in 1970,it was 7. breakthrough.As a result,China’s rice 8. (produce)rose by 47.5% in the 1990’s. 9. 50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.10. (follow)this,Yuan Longping’s rice was exported to some other countries. 2 课文与短文改错根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。文中共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。The first military use of rockets was in 1232.The Song Dynasty was at the war with the Mongols.During the battle of Kaifeng,the Song army shoot“arrows of flown fire”.The tubes were attached on a long stick which helped keep the rocket moved in a straight direction.Soon the Mongols learned how make rockets themselves and it is possibly that they introduced them to Europe.Between the 13th 2and 15th centuries there were many rockets experiments in England,France and Italy.They were used for military purposes.One Italian scientist even invented a rocket who could travel over the surface of water or hit an enemy ship.3 话题知识与写作根据下面的素材，用本模块所学词汇和句式结构完成句子。1.比尔·盖茨,微软公司的主要设计者和软件的主要人物,因其不寻常的经历而出名。____________________________________________________________________________________________2.比尔·盖茨是个聪明的人,在学校时他最喜欢的科目是科学和数学。____________________________________________________________________________________________3.1973 年高中毕业,他上了哈佛大学,三年后却离开了。____________________________________________________________________________________________4.1975 年,比尔和他的一个最好的朋友开始了他的事业,为个人电脑研发软件。____________________________________________________________________________________________5.他们在 IT 技术方面取得了很多突破。____________________________________________________________________________________________6.《未来之路》,1995 年出版的,在很多星期里位列畅销书之首。____________________________________________________________________________________________7.由于比尔的贡献,世界变得越来越美好。____________________________________________________________________________________________【联句成篇】把以上句子联成短文,要求衔接连贯、过渡自然。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3答案精解精析1.课文与语法填空1.brought Yuan Longping 与 bring up 之间为被动关系,故用过去分词。2.was educated 考查动词的时态和语态。he 与 educate 之间为被动关系,根据时间状语从句可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。3.whothat 考查定语从句。先行词为 student,定语从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词 whothat。4.in 考查介词。be interested in 对……感兴趣。5.to have 考查非谓语动词。one way to do sth.做某事的一个方法。6.naturally 考查词性转换。修饰形容词应用副词形式。7.a 考查冠词。此处指一项突破,故用不定冠词 a。8.production 考查词性转换。此处作主语需用名词形式。9.And 考查连词。此处表示并列关系。10.Following 考查非谓语动词。此处用现在分词形式作状语。2 课文与短文改错1.第二句:去掉 at 后的 the 考查固定短语。be at war with 与……交战。2.第三句:shoot→shot 考查时态。此处叙述的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。3.第三句:flown→flying 考查非谓语动词。fire 与 fly 为主动关系,故用现在分词形式。4.第四句:on→to 考查介词。attach.to.把……系在……上。5.第四句:moved→moving keep sb.sth. doing sth.让某人某物一直做某事。6.第五句:how 后加 to 此处为“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。7.第五句:possibly→possible 考查形容词。作表语用形容词。8.第六句:rockets→rocket 考查名词单复数。名词作定语时一般用单数。9.第八句:who→whichthat 考查定语从句。先行词为 arocket,定语从句中关系词作主语,应用 whichthat。10.第八句:or→and 考查连词。此处表示并列而非选择关系。3 话题知识与写作1.Bill Gates is the chief designer of Microsoft Corporation and leading figure in software.He is known for his unusual experience.2.Bill Gates is a very brilliant person.His favorite subjects at school were science and maths.43.He graduated from high school in 1973.He went to Harvard University.But he left it three years later.4.In 1975,Bill began his career with one of his best friends and developed software for personal computers.5.They made lots of breakthroughs in IT technology.6.The Road Ahead was published in 1995.It was at the top of the best-sellers for many weeks.7.As a result of Bill’s contribution,the world is becoming more and more beautiful.One possible version:Bill Gates,the chief designer of Microsoft Corporation and leading figure in software,is known for his unusual experience.Being a very brilliant person,his favorite subjects at school were science and maths.After graduating from high school in 1973,he went to Harvard University,but he left it three years later.In 1975,Bill began his career with one of his best friends,developing software for personal computers.After many efforts they made lots of breakthroughs in IT technology.The Road Ahead,published in 1995,was at the top of the best-sellers for many weeks.In brief, as a result of Bill’s contribution,the world is becoming more and more beautiful.1Module 4 Great Scientists基础知识默写篇 一、分层单词写作词汇1. n.人物 2. vt.出版 3. vt.支持 4. adj.简短的;简洁的 5. vi.逃跑;逃避 6. adj.直的 7. n.突破 8. vt.改变;转换 9. vt.出口 10. vt.取代;以……代替 11. n.数量 12. n.质量 13. vt.诊断 14. n.受害者 15. n.生涯;经历 16. vi.(烟雾)消散 阅读词汇1.staple adj. 2.nickname n. 3.breeding n. 4.species n. 5.yield n. 6.sterile adj. 7.hybrid n. 8.personal adj. 9.relativity n. 10.rocket n. 11.millennium n. 12.gunpowder n. 13.arrow n. 拓展词汇21. n.生产者→ v.生产→ n.产量 2. adj.主要的→ v.领导;引导→ n.领导;领袖 3. v.教育→ n.教育→ n.教育家;教育工作者 4. n.农业→ adj.农业的 5. adj.原来的;最初的→ n.起源 6. adv.部分地;在一定程度上→ n.部分 7. adj.身体的;物理的→ adv.身体上;身体上地 8. v.毕业 n.毕业生→ n.毕业 9. n.爆炸;爆炸声→ v.爆炸 二、高频短语1. 培养;养育 2. 由于 3. 把……转化为…… 4. 掌权 5. 谋生 6. 引进;带来 7. 因……而出名/闻名 8. 被诊断为患有…… 9. 对……进行实验 10. 把……系在……上 三、经典句型1.He thought there was only one way (做这件事) —by crossing different species of rice plant,and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants. 2.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped (使火箭沿直线运动). 3.In Stephen Hawking’s case (人们发现) he was a brilliant scientist. 4.Or was he carried miles into space, (成为世界上第一位宇航员)? 3基础知识运用篇 一、语境词汇运用(一)词汇情景拼写(注意单词短语适当形式变化)1.He got his first book (出版) when he was still in college. It turned out to be a bestseller. 2.Managing money has long been a headache for students mostly s by their family. 3.“Neal, listen,” she said, looking (直接) at him. “I ask you not to get involved in this kind of matter.” 4.You can’t expect that something may (逃脱) the teacher’s attentio n. 5.The air (质量) in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. 6.I found the owner,rented it,and (清理) a corner to camp i n. 7. (诊断) with a kidney failure,the young man lost the hope of living on in the world. (二)词形变化填空 (注意单词短语适当形式变化)1.The Chinese (agriculture) tax wasn’t completely abolished until 2006, which reduced the farmers’ burden greatly. 2.An underground organization has claimed responsibility for the bomb (explode). 3.You are bound to have heard of the film The Karate Kids, and its (lead) actor is my favorite. 4.It’s better for the government to attach more importance to the (origin) inventions of all kinds. 5.This factory computers.Its is very optimistic about the and sale.(produce) 6.The government is attaching more importance to the younger generatio n.In a sense,it is the duty of every to do what they can for the cause of of China.(educate) 7.If the agreement is reached this weekend, it will (带来) profit of approximately 2.5 million pounds. 8.Over the past decades, sea ice has been decreasing in the Arctic (由于) global warming. 4二、经典句型仿写1.旅游是探索不同文化和开阔眼界的一个好方法。(way to do)Traveling is different cultures and broaden the mind. 2.你就是只为自己着想!你让我一直等了约三个小时。You just think of yourself!You for about three hours. 3.据报道 G20 峰会于 2016 年 9 月在杭州举行。(it is+过去分词+that.)the G20 summit was held in Hangzhou in September 2016. 4.他每天回来得很晚,这使得他的妻子很生气。(现在分词短语作结果状语)He comes home very late every evening, . 5答案精解精析基础知识默写篇一、分层单词写作词汇1.figure 2.publish 3.support 4.brief 5.escape 6.straight 7.breakthrough 8.convert 9.export 10.replace 11.quantity 12.quality 13.diagnose 14.victim 15.career 16.clear阅读词汇1.主要的;重要的 2.绰号 3.培育 4.(动物或植物的)种 5.产量 6.(指生物)不孕育的;不结果实的 7.杂交种 8.个人的 9.相对论 10.火箭 11.千年 12.火药 13.(弓)箭拓展词汇1.producer,produce,production 2.leading,lead,leader3.educate,education,educator 4.agriculture,agricultural 5.original,originl 6.partly,part 7.physical,physically 8.graduate,graduation 9.explosion,explode二、高频短语1.bring up 2.as a result of 3.convert.into. 4.come to power 5.earn one’s living 6.bring in 7.be known for 8.be diagnosed with 9.experiment with 10.attach.to.三、经典句型1.to do this 2.keep the rocket moving in a straight direction 3.it was discovered that 4.becoming the world’s first astronaut基础知识运用篇一、语境词汇运用(一)词汇情景拼写1.published 2.supported 3.straight 4.escape 5.quality 6.cleared 7.Diagnosed(二)词形变化填空 61.agricultural 2.explosion 3.leading 4.original 5.produces,producer,production 6.educating,educator,education 7.bring in 8.as a result of二、经典句型仿写1.a good way to explore 2.kept me waiting 3.It is reported that 4.making his wife very angry