1、第 八 章 动 词 的 时 态,时态是英语谓语动词通过自身的变化来表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此，时态结构 指的是相应时态下的动词形式。英语中，动词有16种时态，但初中英语要求掌握六种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。,考 点 1 一 般 现 在 时,1. 一般现在时的用法和构成,表示现在的状态:She is 12 years old.,(2) 表示经常或习惯性的动作: He goes to work by bus every day.,(3) 表示主语具备的性格和能力:The boy is able to speak Englis
2、h very well.,(4) 普遍的真理和自然规律: Light travels much faster than sound.,否定句 主语+be (am/is/are)+not+表语:She is not/isnt 12 years old. 主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形+宾语: He doesnt go to work by bus every day.,肯定句 主语+is/am/are+表语:He is 13 years old. 主语+动词原形/动词第三人称单数+宾语: He goes to work by bus every day.,标志词: sometimes，o
3、ften，usually，always (2) every day/week/month/year (3) on Sunday/Monday (4) once a week，twice a month (5) in the morning/afternoon/evening,特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+表语:How old is she？ 疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形+宾语: How does he go to work every day？,一般疑问句 Be+主语+表语: Is she 12 years old？ Do/Does+主语+动词原形+宾语:Does he go to
4、 work by bus every day？,2. 动词第三人称单数的构成方式,真题热身,( ) 1. Whats your father? He is a doctor. He _ in a local hospital. (2015绵阳市)1. worked B. has worked C. works D. will work ( ) 2. Next month were going somewhere interesting as soon as the holiday_ . (2015潍坊市)A. will begin B. has begunC. begins D. is beg
5、inning,中 考 真 题,C,C,考 点 2 一 般 过 去 时,1. 一般过去时的用法和构成,表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态:I stayed up late when I was in Grade 9.,否定句 主语+wasnt/werent+表语She wasnt in Shanghai 3 days ago. 主语+didnt+动词原形+宾语They didnt have a good time last night.,(2) 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作: My father used to be a worker.,肯定句 主语+was/were+表语:She was in
6、Shanghai 3 days ago. 主语+动词过去式:They had a good time last night.,一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+表语: Was she in Shanghai 3 days ago？ Did+主语+动词原形+宾语: Did they have a good time last night？,特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+表语: When was she in Shanghai？疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+宾语 :What did your father use to be？,标志词: last+ (2) yesterday，t
7、he day before yesterday (3) ago(4) just now (5) after+一段时间，after a while，after ten minutes (6) 表示过去的时间词,2. 动词过去式的构成方式,中考 真题,( ) Have you ever been to Xiamen？ Yes. I _ there in 2013. (2015龙岩市)A. go B. went C. have gone,B,真题热身,考点3 现在进行时,(1) 表示现在 (说话瞬间) 正在进行或发生的动作。如：Listen，whos singing？,(2) 表示现阶段正在进行的动
8、作或存在的状态 (但说话时这个动作不一定在进行)。 如：We are preparing the final examinations these days.,(3) 瞬间动词 (如come，go，leave，arrive，start，die等) 用现在进行时表示将来。 如：Be quick，the bus is coming.,肯定句 主语+be (is，am，are)+doing: We are listening to music now.,否定句 主语+be not + doing: She isnt sleeping at the moment.,一般疑问句 Be+主语+doing
9、: Is she sleeping at the moment？,特殊疑问句 疑问词+be+主语+doing: What is she doing at the moment？,标志词: Listen！/Look！ (2) now，at the moment，at present (3) these days，this month (4) all the time，always (含有感情色彩，表示厌烦、赞扬等) (5) while引导的状语从句中 (6) 上下文提示,2. 动词现在分词的构成方式,真题热身,( )1. What are you doing now, Lily? I _ mus
10、ic. (2015龙岩市)A. am listening to B. listen to C. will listen to ( ) 2. Pass the raincoat to me, please. It _ hard now. Here you are.（2016福州市)A. is raining B. rained C. will rain,中 考 真 题,A,A,考 点 4 过 去 进 行 时,表示过去某个时刻或某段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态: She was watching TV at nine last night.,过去进行时的用法和构成,(2) 表示一个过去的动作发
11、生时或发生之后，另一个过去的动作正在进行：I got home when my mother was cooking dinner.,(3) 表示两个过去的动作同时进行，这时可用连接词while连接：Jim was reading a book while Jane was listening to music.,肯定句 主语+was/were + doing :We were watching a movie from 7 to 9 last night.,否定句 主语+wasnt/werent + doing: We werent watching a movie from 7 to 9
12、last night.,一般疑问句 Was/Were+主语+doing: Were you watching a movie from 7 to 9 last night？,特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+doing When were you watching a movie last night？,(1) at that time，then (那时) (2) at this time yesterday，at 8 oclock yesterday，from 6 to 8 last night (3) when，while，all morning,标志词:,真题热身,( )1.
13、How did the accident happen? The girl _ WeChat(微信)while walking across the street. (2016漳州市)A. reads B. is reading C. was reading ( ) 2. Miss Lin _ my desk-mate with her lessons when I left school. She is really a nice teacher.(2015福州市)A. helps B. is helping C. was helping,中考真题,C,C,考 点 5 一 般 将 来 时,一
14、般将来时的用法和构成,表示将来的动作或状态:He will go to the USA soon.,(2) be going to do表示准备或打算做某事或根据迹象表明 “将会发生某事”: Im going to visit my aunt this weekend.,(3) be doing表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情，常用这种结构的有come，go，leave，arrive，start等: He is leaving for the USA soon.,肯定句 主语+will+动词原形He will teach us English next term. 主语+be going to+
15、动词原形Jim is going to have a party soon.,否定句 主语+will not/wont+动词原形He wont teach us English next term.主语+be not going to+动词原形Jim isnt going to have a party soon.,一般疑问句 Will+主语+动词原形:Will he teach us English next term？ Be+主语+going to+动词原形:Is Jim going to have a party soon？,特殊疑问句 疑问词+will+主语+动词原形:What wil
16、l he teach us next term？疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形:When are you going to visit your aunt？,标志词: (1) next week/month/year (2) “in+一段时间”：in a week/two days/ten minutes (3) tomorrow，the day after tomorrow (4) 表示将来的时间词：soon，in 2019，at the end of this year,真题热身,( ) Have you watched the new movie Kung Fu Pand
17、a 3, Kelly? Not yet. I _ it with my classmate tonight. (2016泉州市)A. will watch B. was watching C. have watched,中 考 真 题,A,考 点 6 现 在 完 成 时,1. 现在完成时的用法和构成,表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成影响和结果。如：Ive finished my homework，so Im watching TV now.,(2) 表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能延续下去。如：I have worked in the company for 10 years.,肯定
18、句 主语+has/have+动词过去分词。如：She has already seen the movie.,否定句 主语+hasnt/havent+动词过去分词。如： She hasnt seen the movie yet.,一般疑问句 Has/Have+主语+动词过去分词, 如： Has she seen the movie yet？,特殊疑问句 疑问词+has/have+主语+动词过去分词,如： How long have you worked in the company？,(1) already (肯定句句中)，yet (疑问句或否定句句末)，ever (疑问句句中)，never，
19、just (2) so far (到目前为止)，in the last/past years (在过去的年里) (3) for+一段时间，for ten years，for an hour (4) since+ ago，since 10 years ago，since an hour ago since+时间点，since last night，since 2013 since+一般过去时的从句，since we last met，since he came here， ,标志词,2. 延续性动词和短暂性动词之间的转化 (详见 “第七章 动词和动词短语”) 短暂性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连
20、用，即不能与for或since短语连用，要把动词或时间状语作适当调整，如把短暂性动词转化为延续性动词。如： 误：The old man died for 3 years./The old man died since 3 years ago. 正：The old man died 3 years ago. The old man has been dead for 3 years./The old man has been dead since 3 years ago.,(1) have been to意为 “去过”，常与表示次数的副词连用。如：I have been to Australia
21、 a few times.,3. 重点区分：have been to，have gone to，have been in,(2) have gone to意为 “去了”，强调已离开说话者所在的地方，在路上或已经到了目的地。如：You cant see Mary at the moment，for she has gone to Australia.,(3) have been in意为 “已经在”，强调已经在目的地了，与表示时间段的介词短语连用。如：I have been in Australia for 6 years.,(1) It is/has been+一段时间+since 从句 (动
22、词用过去式)，如： Its been three years since we last met.,(2) 一段时间+has passed + since 从句 (动词用过去式)，如： Three years has passed since we last met.,4. 关注句型：,真题热身,( )1. The boy misses his parents very much. So he does. They _ the hometown for nearly two years.（2016福州市)A. have left B. will leave C. have been away from( )2. Its the second time I came to Xiamen. It a lot. Yes, its more and more beautiful.（2016厦门市)A. was changing B. has changed C. will changed,中考真题,C,B,
