1、专题十二 构词法,1.概念:构词法是指研究词形变化规则的方法。 2.分类:合成法、转化法、派生法、缩写法和简写法。,考点归纳,考点一:合成法 合成法就是把两个或两个以上的词按照一定的次序排列构成新词的方法。用此法构成的词叫复合词。复合词主要包括复合名词、复合代词、复合形容词和复合副词等。 1复合名词: (1)名词+动词headache,daybreak (2)动词+名词playground,postcard (3)名词+名词basketball,classroom (4)形容词+名词blackboard,grandfather (5)动名词+名词waiting-room,sitting-roo
2、m,考点梳理,2复合代词: (1) some (any,every,no) +body:somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody (2)some (any,every,no) +thing:something,anything,everything,nothing 3复合形容词有: man-made,kind-hearted,hard-working 4复合副词有: upstairs,downstairs,everywhere,maybe等 。另外,复合动词有understand,复合介词有without等。,考点梳理,1. Please follow the cla
3、ss rule. Dont eat in the .A. classroom B. living roomC. bedroom D. dining hall 2. Did you do for your mother on herbirthday?A. something B. nothingC. everything D. anything,考点自测,A,D,考点二:转化法 转化法就是将某些单词由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词方法。词性转化有以下几种情况: 1名词动词 如:Theres a lot of rain in this country. 这个国家多雨。Its still raini
4、ng now. 现在还在下雨。 2动词名词 如:What are you talking about? 你们在谈论什么?There will be a talk next week. 下周会有一场演讲。 3形容词动词 如:The classroom is not clean. 教室不干净。You must clean it tomorrow. 你明天必须打扫。,考点梳理,1. The Great Wall is more than 6, 000 li in .A. long B. length C. wide D. height 2. Does it often here in winter?
5、 Yes, there is much .A. snow;snowy B. snowing;snowyC. snows;snowing D. snow;snow,考点自测,B,D,考点梳理,考点三:派生法 派生法就是将前,后缀附加到某些词上构成新词的方法。初中英语主要有以下几种前、后缀:,考点梳理,考点梳理,(续表),另外,初中英语由前、后缀构成的新词还有difference,enjoyable,mistake,television,asleep等。,1. The soldier died for saving the child, so his is heavier than Mount T
6、ai.A. die B. dead C. died D. death 2. Its of you to shout at your parents. You shouldnt do like that.A. polite B. kind C. impolite D. friendly,D,C,考点自测,考点四:缩写和简写 1. 缩写指把单词缩写,词义和词性保持不变,主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。 (1)截头 telephone phone,aeroplane plane (2)去尾 mathematics math (s),kilogram kilo laboratory lab,exam
7、ination exam (3)截头去尾 influenza flu,refrigerator fridge,考点梳理,2. 简写指把单词首字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式:各字母分别读;作为一个单词读。 very important person VIP,United Kingdom UK the United States of America the USA, the Peoples Republic of China PRC 3. 混合法(混成法)指把两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体,前半部分表示属性。 news broadcast newscast 新闻广播 television broadcast telecast 电视播送 smoke and fog smog 烟雾 helicopter airport heliport 直升飞机场,考点梳理,George Washington is the founder of . A. UK B. the USA C. UN D. PRC,B,考点自测,