1、专题限时集训( 一) 阅读理解 训练 1 细节理解题()(对应学生用书第 135 页)A 【导学号：38144021】(2017浙江名校联盟联考二)The word“social”means relating to society or its organization.The special type of science that studies how human beings interact (互动) with each other is called “sociology”Sociologists have looked closely at mankinds desire to
2、be part of different groups and call this“group behavior”Sociologists believe that group behavior began in mankind a long time ago when man was more primitive.Back then，people did not have big homes made of concrete or brick to protect them from dangerous animals.People slept in caves and were out i
3、n the open during the day a lot more.They would look all around for food so that the species could continue living.As time went on，people began to see the benefits of being part of a group.They could find more food and would be able to more effectively battle dangerous animals.Bigger quantities of f
4、ood and a better sense of safety helped humans survive and prosper.Group behavior also includes the creation of “ norms” and “values”Norms are examples of what a group normally does over a period of time.Members of a group might all wake up at the same time and begin to carry out their various dutie
5、s during the day，and repeat those same activities day after day.Values are a summary of what the groups goals might be or a general idea of what is acceptable behavior.Some groups might strongly believe in honesty and dislike thefts.There are actually some negative things that can come along with gr
6、oup behavior.From time to time，if a person is not accepted within a group，he might feel rejected and saddened.Other times，a group might find itself fighting a “common enemy”，another group that is disliked as a whole because it may have different norms or values.Group behavior also makes it more like
7、ly that all of the members of a group will believe something just because one member says so，even if it is not true or favorable.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，阐述了社会群体行为(group behavior)的形成以及它带来的正面和负面影响。1What is “group behavior”？AMankinds desire to study sociology.BMankinds desire to form friendship with others.CMa
8、nkinds desire to hunt for food successfully.DMankinds desire to be part of different groups.D 考 查细节理解。根据第一段的最后一句“Sociologists have looked closely at mankinds desire to be part of different groups and call thisgroup behavior”可知 ，应选 D 项。 2What caused people to become part of a group a long time ago?AP
9、eople wanted to make more friends with others.BPeople wanted to be able to better survive and succeed.CPeople wanted to have big concrete or brick homes.DPeople wanted to kill larger animals for food.B 考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“As time went on，people began to see the benefits of being part of a group.and a bet
10、ter sense of safety helped humans survive and prosper”可知，群体生活使人 们更好地生存下来，战胜危险动物。故选 B 项。3Based on the passage，what might the identity of a group be based on? AThe groups values.BThe groups location.CThe groups common enemy.DThe groups size.A 考 查细节理解。根据第三段中的 “Values are a summary of what the groups go
11、als might be or a general idea of what is acceptable behavior”可知，群体行为的特征是以价值观为 依据的。故 选 A 项。 B(2017浙江金丽衢十二校联考一)I read the same novel in paperback and on the iPad.One thing I love about ebooks on the iPad is the intext dictionary lookup feature.This is something the iPad will always have as an advanta
12、ge over traditional paperbacks.I sometimes come across a word I dont know while reading.Its much handier to be able to look up the word on the same screen as the text than to have to grab a dictionary or my iPhone to look it up while I am reading a paperback.However，when it comes to actually reading
13、 the book，the iPads advantages as a medium for reading begin to pale.The iPad is relatively heavy in my hands and the swiping and tapping to turn a page soon become boring.Another big issue I have with the iPad is that I always find myself trying to get away to check an email，explore the web，or look
14、 for another book on the iBookstore.Living in London，as most people do，I take the tube，or the subway.Forget about resting your iPad on your lap to read, because your knees get bumped too much from constant flow of people entering and leaving the train.Your only option is to“seize”your iPad in your h
15、ands.This is where a huge drawback of the iPad becomes apparent.When I read a paperback on the subway，not once will I worry about my paperback.A $7 paperback book is a pretty low target for a thief.A $500 iPad，on the other hand，is a prime theft material.The reading experience goes down dramatically
16、when you have to keep an eye on the people walking past you.After finishing my reading of the novel on both mediums the iPad and the paperback I am more convinced than ever that the iPad and its iBookstore will not replace traditional print editions.Unlike MP3s that replaced CDs，the original medium
17、for the novel is still the superior one in both form and functions.I use iBookstore now to browse for books and use the“Get Sample”feature to explore the first few chapters.If I like what I read，Ill purchase the print edition from Amazon or at my local bookseller.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文，作者通过自己的经历告诉我们平装书不会被电
18、子书所取代的原因。4Which of the following is the advantage of reading on the iPad?A. You can refer to a dictionary by iPhone or on the Internet.BBy comparison，the iPad is heavier than a paperback book.CThe builtin dictionary makes looking up words convenient.DAn iPad is so precious that it is a perfect targe
19、t for thieves.C 考 查细节理解。根据第二段的 “Its much handier to be able to look up the word.reading a paperback”可知，iPad 里面内置的字典，可以方便读者查阅生词。 5The writer prefers to read a paperback book mainly because it offers Aa replacement of the iPadBbetter experiences and functionsCthe“Get Sample”featureDa greater sense of
20、belongingB 考查细节理解。根据最后两段中的“The reading experience goes down.past you”和“Unlike MP3s that replaced.form and functions”可知，平装书相对于电子书来说有自己的 优势，它给读者提供更好的 阅读体验和功能。6According to the text，the writer may find iBookstore Atraditional BannoyingCdisgusting DhelpfulD 考 查推理判断。根据全文尤其是最后一段中的 “I use iBookstore now to
21、 browse for books.few chapters”可知，作者用 iBookstore 来浏览一些书，故它对阅读体验是很有帮助的。 C 【导学号：38144022】Like people，plants experience stress.And also，like people，the response to that stress can determine success.Bad environmental conditions，such as drought，flood ，heat and other stresses，affect yields(产量) more than c
22、rop pests and diseases.We are trying to find a way to equip plants with the ability to tolerate environmental stress and maintain high yields，said Stephen Howell，a professor of genetics and cell biology.Plant cells produce proteins (蛋白质) and ship them to different parts of the cell.Under normal cond
23、itions，these proteins are folded into their normal，healthy structures as they are produced.When a plant is under stress，its cells produce poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a builtin system senses this and “sets off an alarm in the cell， ” said Howell.In response to the alarm，another protein (I
24、RE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.“As it turns out，responses that are activated under stress conditions actually inhibit the growth of plants， ” said Howell.“Thi
25、s allows them to preserve their energy to survive the stress conditions.”For plants in the wild，this response is a help for survival，he said.In production of agriculture crops，however，this response reduces yields.“You dont want crop plants to stop growing， ” Howell said.“You want them to continue to
26、 grow and produce even though they are under stress.”With the new understanding of this stress response，the next step may be to silence the alarm system，said Howell.“What may be important is to disable some of these stress responses.That may make the plant more productive under stress conditions.”【语
27、篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。植物像人一样，也有压力，而它们对压力的反应能决定高产与否。Howell 打算通过使植物中的 “警报”停止工作来使作物保持高产量。7According to the text，an alarm in the plant cells is caused by Athe folded proteins Bthe changed proteinsCthe defensive measures Dthe stress response genesB 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“When a plant is under stress，its cells produce
28、poorly folded or unfolded proteins.Then a builtin system senses this and sets off an alarm in the cell， said Howell.”可知植物细胞里的警报装置是由蛋白质的变化 导致的。8The energy preserved in the plants under stress conditions Ahelps the plants to survive Bhelps to maintain high yieldsCkeeps the plants growing Dhelps to pro
29、duce proteinsA 考 查细节理解。根据文章第四段 “In response to the alarm，another protein (IRE1) starts working and creates a different process which activates (激活) the stress response genes whose products bring about defensive measures that help the plant survive.”可知植物中储存的这些能量有助于植物存活。9The underlined word “inhibit”
30、in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “ ”Aprevent BstartC.continue DpromoteA 考 查词义猜测。根据文章倒数第二段中的“ You dont want crop plants to stop growing”可知处于压力下被激活的这些反应事实上阻止了植物的生长。 10How does Howell intend to make crop plants maintain high yields under stress conditions?A. By making crop plants keep more energy. BBy making crop plants stop growing.CBy making the alarm system stop working. DBy making the alarm system respond quickly.C 考 查细节理解。根据文章最后一段 “With the new understanding of this stress response，the next step may be to silence the alarm system”中的“silence the alarm system”可知 Howell 打算通过使警 报停止工作来使作物保持高产量。
