1、 浅谈英语教学中的能力培养左雪容从事高中英语教学已十五年了,在不断的学习,摸索,总结中,本人在培养学生学习英语的兴趣与能力方面小有收获。现与大家共同分享 。众所周知兴趣是学习的原动力,对于学生,要想让他们对你所教的学科感兴趣,最简单最好的方法就是全心去爱他们。爱是相互的,只要你爱他们,他们就会喜欢,爱你,自然就愿意跟着你学。只要学,一切就好解决了。学习与能力就会不断进步。只要有收获,有进步,他们就有了成就感,就会喜欢这门学科。对于学习能力,主要是培养学习习惯(好的习惯决定好的结果)帮他们构建知识体系和打好扎实的基础。 具体说来:一、 单选题 单选题考查的方面比较多,如从句,非谓语,短语辨析,冠
2、词等等。我着重培养他们的基本功。对每一个教学模块的单词要求是必须过关,但不听写。 让他们把英语单词抄写在一张卡上,然后读出该单词并说出他们的汉语意思与词性并在小组长那里过关。我检查大组长与课代表。这样很有效果。还可以让他们用一些词语编英语小故事等。对每一个教学模块的语言点,语法进行总结。如下文是对必须五的第四个模块的总结。5.module 41.when 的重要用法 2.祈使句+and(or) 3.hide 4.extent expand spread stretch 5.pretend e 的短语 end 的短语 make ends meet 7.dress have on; put on;
3、wear 8. date bake to ; date from9. book;order; reserve 10.wander 11.take up;take over;take on; take off; off 的短语 12.consist of; be make up of 13.relax v./adj./n/ 14.mark 15.trade 16.abolish;cancel ;put off 17.celebrate 18.origin v./adj.19.grammar (1)被动语态 (2)主动表被动 (3)非谓语动词的被动 20. 作文(关于节庆的文章)我还是要求他们抄写
4、在卡片上,看着复习,不清楚的马上查看笔记本,创新方案等,然后说出他们的用法并造句。必须人人过关,这样一学期下来,他们做单选题的能力提高了不少,其他能力也得到了提升。当然,做单选题也有技巧,比如 还原法。 将强调句还原为陈述句例: Where did you get to know her?It was on the farm_we worked.(2007年山东卷)A. that B. There C. which D. where这是一个强调句型,强调地点状语 on the farm。如果把句子还原成陈述句 It was on the farm where we worked that I
5、got to know her,考生就可以看出 on the farm 后 where 引导了一个定语从句,且省略了 that I got to know her 这一结构,因此答案是 D 项 where。句子结构分析法高考单选题在继承和发展以往注重语境化、交际化的基本特征的同时,命题人更注重对并列句及复合句等句子结构的分析和理解的考查。考生需要注意的是,有些高考单选题看似有两个句子,于是考生就选连词,正好掉进命题人设计的陷阱。这类题型的选项大致分为两类:1)连词和代词的混合选项;2)纯连词。如果是复合句,考生要严格按照以下两个思路答题:1)分析何种从句;2)分析引导词作何种成分。例: He
6、wrote five novels, two of_translated into English.A. it B. them C. which D. that此题很容易掉进陷阱误选 C,学生误以为后面是非限制性定语从句。事实上 translated 是过去分词,而不是谓语动词,后面不是句子,不能用连词,所以正确答案是 B 项 them。若在translated 前加上 were, were translated 就成了谓语动词,这时才可以选连词 which,这样的技巧还很多。二、完型填空完形填空是考查学生的语法,句法,习惯用法等英语基础知识的综合运用能力,又考查学生的阅读和理解能力。我要求他
7、们先浏览全文(这样可以了解大意并可以填出几个空), 再联系上下文选词填空,最后再复查。一定限时(15分钟以内)。做完后马上订正答案。要求他们把词填到原文上去。反复阅读,不断总结。如下文。“Billy! It is February 25, 2099, seven oclock. Time to _1_ and go to school.” said the clock-robot _2_ a mental voice. Then the kitchen-robot gave him toast and eggs. Billy was _3_. While he was eating, the
8、whole wall _4_ a TV screen and Billy thought that it was great having robots to do _5_ for him. Billy ate his meal watching a TV _6_. When he finished eating, the _7_ gave him his clothes very fast and _8_ him. Then Billy went off to school.When Billy went outside, he saw a car with no _9_ waiting f
9、or him. The car said, “Hello, I will be _10_ you to school every day. Now would you please _11_ your school ID card?” said the car. So Billy showed the car his school ID card and got in. The _12_ began to talk to Billy about his school and his schoolwork. After that the car said, “I will _13_ your h
10、omework today _14_ you will have a very, very important lesson to _15_ in school today. Please put your homework on the blackboard.” Billy did so.The car checked Billys homework and then said, “You are a(n) _16_ student. All of your homework is _17_.” When they _18_ the school, Billy said to the car
11、, “Goodbye. See you later.” The car said to Billy, “Good luck in your school.” Billy got into the classroom and _19_ his seat at the front of the room. Then his teacher came in and said, “Welcome, children! Today we will have a hard but _20_ lesson How do robots help a human being?.” 1. A. get up B.
12、 show up C. take up D. dress up 2. A. in B. on C. with D. by3. A. angry B. amazed C worried D. quick 4. A. changed for B. became of C. looked like D. turned into5. A something B. anything C. everything D.nothing 6. A. show B. screen C. set D. box7. A. driver-robot B. clock-robot C. kitchen-robot D.
13、clothes-robot 8. A. dressed B. cleaned C. pushed D. pleased 9. A. teacher B. student C. robot D. driver10. A. driving B. accommodating C. loading D. holding 11. A. give B. show C. send D. lend12. A. teacher B. driver C. robot D. car 13. A. check B. prepare C. inspect D. do14. A. if B. when C. but D.
14、 because 15. A. miss B. learn C. study D. check16. A. energetic B. optimistic C. Great D. handsome 17. A. easy B. difficult C. correct D. wrong18. A. rushed in B. got to C. turned to D. left off19. A. took B. found C. made D. kept20. A. easy B. important C. boring D. influential(1) 从原文直接能找出答案的是 7,11
15、,12,13,20 小题,第 7题是 7 题后的 clothes 这个词上与 3 题前的 kitchen-robot 选出的,11 题是从 11 题后的 showed 这个词选出的,20 题是从 14 题后的 important 个词选出的。(2)固定搭配, 2, 6,8 题 in a voice;a Tv show; get to school(3)从上下文推断出的有,1,4,14,15,16,17 小题.比如第 1题 ,前文说 seven oclock 后文说 go to school,和eating 可以推断此处该是起床 get up 又如 17 题前文 16 题四个选项 A. ener
16、getic B. optimistic C. great D. handsome 都是好的方面的所以 17 应该是他的作业全对选 C. Correct(4)一些常见词的多种用法如:study lesson 等。(5)做完后让他们把单词填到原文上,反复阅读。再总结一些重要的词,短语与自己存在的问题。例如:是单词没有理解,语法没弄懂,固定短语没有记住还是逻辑问题。总之做完型的技巧就是:1.跳过空格,通读全文,把握大意。2.结合选项,综合考虑,初定答案。3.瞻前顾后,先易后难,各个击破。4.复读全文,逐空验证,弥补疏漏。当然还要不断练习,才能熟能生巧。3、 阅读阅读理解是考察综合语言运用能力的一个重
17、要方面,在高考英语试题中所占比重非常大,这是拉开档次的题目。“得阅读者得天下。”从这句话我们知道其重要性。我们可以从下面几个方面来把握。() 阅读中要注意的几个问题1. 材料选取(难易适中) 2.策略的培养(文题文)3.速度 (6 分钟左右) 4.词汇5.阅读障碍:心理障碍 词汇障碍 语法障碍 阅读习惯 阅读速度 6 阅读技巧 背景知识( 二)如何扩大词汇量1.通过构词法记忆 2.联想记忆 3.广泛阅读 4.在文中的推断能力 构词法 文中的注解或解释 上下文的对比或转折( and,but ,however).把握好长难句(注意句子结构与成分) 除了熟悉课本上的词汇外,在课外多次遇到的重难点词要
18、多积累。(每天必须熟悉 20 个单词,多读、多想、多用、多回顾)。( 三 )阅读习惯的培养要客服不良习惯:心读、声读、唇读、回读、默读、逐字逐句读、见生词就查。正确的做法:无声视读,一目十行,更要意读,跳读,略读。( 四)阅读技巧文(首尾段,首尾句)题文(这样易抓着文章主题与作者的态度,很多题在很短的时间内就可以完成。不必再逐句看。还要学会抓全文,每段与题干中的 key words)( 五 )要牢固掌握的语法知识,平时多积累文化背景,多读课外书。总之冰冻三尺非一日之寒。方法+兴趣+广泛阅读+积累词汇+良好习惯+大量练习=好的阅读能力(每天至少两篇)四、短文改错常见的错误有:(1)名词的单复数,
19、可数和不可数 常见的不可数名词: equipment luggage information advise knowledge experience(经验)(2) 连词 的少用,多用与错用,如 and _ but_ so forever_however that_which that _what before_after等(3)形容词与副词的互换 so_such many_much good_well hard_hardly close_closely lucky_luckilyLate_later interested _interesting another_other all_both
20、there_here lonely_alone(4)代词的一致性与互换, we us our ours ourselves it_its_its anything_nothing_everything_something them_it(5)冠词的多,少与错用 a-an-the(6)介词的多,少与错用 with 与 without (7)动词的时态,语态前后一致性(8)原级,比较级,最高级的混用(9)助动词的混用 have-has-had do-does-did(10)数词的误用主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用以及 hundred, thousand, dozen, score 等词和具体数量
21、词连用时的用法以及表示约数的用法。(11) 固定搭配如 look forward to doing sth;to ones surprise;be used to doing;used to do sth ;keep a dairy;as time goes by;with time going by;with ones help; make great progress;be in good condition;总之做短文改错题时一般遵循以下几个步骤:1.先通读全文。认真阅读短文,在做题之前确保已经弄清原文大意。注意文章中上下文的逻辑关系是否正确,时态、人称、主谓、指代等是否一致。 2.聚焦
22、出题热点、综合运用所学语言知识,分句(注意以句子为单位而不是以行为单位)对不同的错误情况进行分析和回答(即改词、加词或减词)。 3.再次通读全文,校对自己的改正是否正确。一般各种改错的方式都应该用到,如果出现了某一种改法(如加词、减词等)没有用到,要考虑自己的改错应该有问题,要对刚才不是很有把握的行进行推敲。在自己认为正确的行后划勾,并且校对其他行改正的符号是否准确,大小写是否拼写正确(这点同学们很容易忽视)。如果某一行有两种改错方式要推敲哪一种是最佳改法。5、作文英语写作训练是综合能力的训练。英语写作能力的提高必须经历一个漫长的过程, 不可能一蹴而就。要提高英语写作能力, 一定要勤写多练, 吃苦耐劳, 因为“ 宝剑锋从磨砺出, 梅花香自苦寒来”。首先句子成分与句子结构是写作的关键与基础(做其他题也至关重要),在高一与高二的课外时间,我把它们的定义与用法详细地讲解并加强学生的练习,让他们翻译每种句型并划分成分。高二上课前两分钟板书一个重要句子让他们分析并翻译。例:Mr black set up a volleyball club at our school to which he often invites us.然后是背诵一些佳作,高三自己动手写作,从每个话题进行练习,先讲解文章结构与谋篇布局,再讲句型与词汇。每周一篇,定时完成(20 分钟)。先打草稿,再抄写。最后我当面批改。