1、第 1 页2012 九年级中考复习系列 宾语从句一 宾语从句：用一个句子来做动词，介词宾语。用在动词，介词后。二 中考考点：第一关，选好连接词（也有人叫关联词） 。引导宾语从句的连接词，课本上写有三类但从学习的角度看分为四类更为实用。 1连词 that：只起连接作用，在从句中不作 句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中或非正式文体中常被省略。例如： 1）He knew（that）he should work hard 2）I am glad（that）youve passed the exam2连词 whether 或 if：它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作 “是否”解，口语中多用 if。例
2、如：3）Do you know whether he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning？（注：上海市徐汇区中考试题填上答案后的句子。以下再有这种例句，都为中考题，只写某地。 ） 4）Tom didnt know ifwhether his grandpa liked the present 作“是否”解的 if 和 whether 在具体用法上差别较大，同学们不易掌握。在宾语从句中用 whether 没有用 if 时受到那么多限制。例如： 5）He asked me whether or not I was coming他问我是否要来。 （该句中的 wh
3、ether 不能换成 if，因为 if 不能与 or 连用。 ） 3连接代词 who，whom ， whose，what， which：它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有其自己的意义。例如： 6）The teacher asked the new student which class he was in？（武汉市） （which 引导宾语从句，在从句中作定语，修饰 class，意为“哪个” 。 ） 7）Can you tell me whom he is waiting for？ （天津市） 4连接副词 when，where， why，how：起连接作用，分别作时间、地点、原因、方式状语，各有
4、其自己的意义。例如： 8）I wonder where he got so much money对他从哪里弄到那么多钱我感到疑惑。（where 在从句中作地点状语，修饰 got，意为“哪里；什么地方 ”。 ） 9）He didnt tell me how old his friend was （四川省） （how 引导宾语从句，作程度状语，修饰 old，意为“怎样；如何”等意。 ） 第二关，牢记宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，即“主句+连接词主语+谓语/表语+”。这里特别强调的是，它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述句的语序，不是疑问句的语序。尤其是连接词在宾语从句作主语时的语序。例如： 10）He doe
5、snt know what is wrong(the matter) his bike.11）Dad，do you know what happened to my pet dog last night ?12）汉译英：你能不能告诉我，我们去看望谁？ 第 2 页误：Can you tell me who（m ）do we have to see？ 正：Can you tell me who（m ）we have to see？ 第三关，注意时态的呼应。 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应” 。例如： 13）汉译英：我原以为你今天有空的。 误：I tho
6、ught（ that）you are free today 正：I thought（that）you would be free today14）He thought he was working for the people 15）I heard she had been to the Great W all 16）John hoped that he would find a job soon 但宾语从句如果表示定理法则、永恒真理等，则不变化： 17）The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun主句时态是现在时，从句根据句意
7、选择不同时态1. I know (that) he _ (join) the League in 1985.2. I see that they _ (play) football over there now.3. Tell me where he _(live). 4. I hear that he _ (come) tomorrow.主句时态是过去时，从句根据句意选择不同的表示过去的时态（一般过去式，过去进行时，过去完成式，过去将来时）在由 could, would 引导的主句中, 从句一般要用现在时。因为 could, would 经常表示礼貌或 婉转的语气, 而不是过去时。Could
8、 you please tell me where the bank is?Would you please tell me how far it is from here to the hospital?Do some exercises1. The radio says it _cloudy tomorrow. (be) 2. The headmaster hopes everything _well. (go)3. Tom says that they _ (play) basketball at six oclock yesterday evening. 4. I hear they
9、_ (return) it already. 5. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be)6. He asked what they _ at eight last night. (do)7. The teacher told his class that light _ faster than sound. (travel)8. I think you _ about the relay race now. (talk)9. I didnt know whom the letters _ from. (be)corr
10、ect the mistakesDo you know what is he doing?2. She said her mother is very well. 3. I dont know that he is a worker.第 3 页4. Miss Li said there were seven days in a week. 5. He wants to know if they did have a good time. 6. She asked me that when the train would arrive. 7. Could you tell me if he ha
11、s come or not. 8. I think you arent right中考复习系列 定语从句一，什么是定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。其作用是修饰主句中的某一名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。e.g. Do you know the man （who came to see Xiaowang this morning? ）要 点：定语从句放在先行词之后，先行词由关系代词或关系副词 引导，关系词放在它们中间。关系代词：who, whom, that, which, whose关系副词：when, where, whye.g.1. He is a man
12、 whom we should all learn from. 他是一个我们都应当学习的人 2. I still remember the day when I first came to 二，用 法：1 . 定语从句修饰人，用 who that， （who 和 that 一般可互换，有时可省去） 如人后有介词，则必须用 whom .e.g. The people (whothat) you were talking to were Japanese.Is she the girl that sells flowers?He is a man that you can safely depen
13、d on. 他是一个你能依靠的人。The girl to whom I spoken is my cousin. The girl whothat I spoken to is my cousin.区别相似关系词：由 who，whom 和 whose 引导的定语从句 who 在从句中作主语，whom 在从句中作宾语， whose 在从句中作定语。e.g.1）. This is the thief who stole my bike. 这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。 2）. He is the boy whom you wanted to find. 他就是你想要找的那个男孩。 3）. The gi
14、rl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside.妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。 2 . 修饰物用 which that.e.g. The train whichthat has just is for xian.The pen thatwhich you gave me is very nice.This is the question that weve had so much discussion about.第 4 页This is the question about which weve had so much dis
15、cussion 3. when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.4. where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.5. why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please
16、 tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.重点：判断关系代词与关系副词关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose） ； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语） 。特别提示:当先行词和关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要和他们保持人称和数的一致。如：The children
17、 who_(be) singing come from ChinaI have known the girl who_(have) two big eyes for many years.判断改错：This is the mountain village where I visited last year.This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year .I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. Ill never forget the days
18、（which ） I spent in the countryside.巩固练习：1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one强化训练：1.Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. t
19、hose 2.Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one3. Is this factory _some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid th
20、emselves in the places _ couldnt be found. 第 5 页A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 7. The two things _ they felt very proud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which 8
21、. I like the second football match _was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. / 9. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what10. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which . 11.A ch
22、ild _ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. who B. whos C. whose D. which 中考复习系列 状语从句一，状语从句简介：状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词即考点。二，总结、状语从句常见引导词条件状语从句 if ; unless ; as (so ) long as ;（只要）原因状语从句 because ; as ; since ; now (that )（既然）结果状语从句 so (such ) that .目的状语从句 so that ; in order that ;让步状语从句 th
23、ough ; although ; as ; however ; no matter .; 疑问词+ever；比较状语从句 than ; as (so ). as ; the more .the more地点状语从句 where wherever三，疑点解释1) when, while, as 的区别： 三者均可表示“当的时候”, 如果主句表示的是短暂的动作, 而从句表示的是一段时间, 三者可通用。 as 和 when 都可与终止性动词连用, while 只能与延续性动词连用。如： It was snowing _ we got to the airport当我们到达机场时, 天正下着雪。 （
24、不能用 while） as 强调主句与从句表示的动作同时发生; while 强调主句表示的动作持续于 while 所指的整个时间内; when 可指主、从句所述动作同时或先后发生。如: He sang as he went along. 他边走边唱.Please write_ I read. 我读的时候, 请写下来。 第 6 页_ he reached home, he had a little rest. 回到家后, 他休 息了一会儿。while, 是多义词。while 可用作并列连词，连接两个分句，表“对比，不同” 。中文常备翻译为“而.”My son likes to watch box
25、ing games while I would rather listen to music.2）引导条件状语从句的连词有 if(如果)、unless( 除非)等, unless 在意义上相当于ifnot。条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样，如果主句用将来时, 从句要用现在时代替将来时。如： You will fail _ you study hard(You will fail if you dont study hard) 除非你努力学习, 否则你会失败。 3)原因状语从句: (1) 引导原因状语从句的连词有 because, since, as , now that(2) because,
26、 since, as, for 用法比较：because: 语气最强，回答 why 时用 because，所表示的是直接理由，因果关系不能同 so 连用。Why are you late? Because there is a traffic jam.since: “既然” 表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。Since you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time.as: “由于 .” 语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。As he had been ready for
27、 the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.for 是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句；for 不能放在句首。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.4) 目的、结果状语从句 （1）引导目的状语从句的连词有 so that, in order that; 引导结果状语从句的连词有 so.that, such.that（2）.so that., in order that引导目的状语从句时，从句中常有 can, could, may, migh
28、t, would（3）so + 形容词 /副词/分词 + that 引导结果状语从句such + (形容词) + 名词 + that 引导结果状语从句He worked so hard that he made great progress. The book is so interesting that I have read it twice. （4）such + a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+ that 引导结果状语从句so +形容词 + a/ an +单数可数名词+ that 引导结果状语从句注意：只有单数可数名词才有这两种表达方式。Its such a fine day that
29、 we all want to go outing. = Its so fine a day that we all want to go outing.（5）如果修饰名词的形容词为 many, few, much, little 时，前面则用 so，例如：so many +名词+ that ； so few +名词+ that so much +名词+ that ；so little +名第 7 页词+ that比较：so many / few flowers such nice flowers so much / little money such rapid progress so ma
30、ny people such a lot of people There were so many people in the bus that I could hardly move.She put so much butter and sugar in the cake that I didnt dare to eat too much. 巩固练习：1) It _ ten years since they _ to France.A. as; covered B. was; have moved C. is; have moved D. is; moved 2) He _wait unti
31、l the rain _A. wont; will stop B. wont; stop C. will; stops D. will; will stop 3) He will go to the Great Wall if it _ tomorrow A. wont rain B. doesnt rain C. dont rain D. isnt raining 4) _ you eat old food, you may be ill. A. Before B. Why C. If D. Which 5) Jack runs as _ as Tom A. fast B. faster C
32、. fastest D. much6) 30，000dollars is a large amount of money, but its _ than we need A. for more B. very much C. far less D. very little 7) Miss Gao asked a question, but it was _ that nobody could answer it A. very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult enough D. so difficult 8) I cant understand
33、this passage _ there are no new words in it A. if B. because C. though D. and 9） “Why did Li Lei use a pencil? ” “ _ his pen was broken ” A. Because B. When C. Until D. If 20052009 年河南中考题组1.Its quite common in Britain to say“Thank you”to the drivers people get off the bus.A. after B. since C. until
34、D. when2. Its time to say goodbye to my school. Ill always remember the people have helped me.A. who B. what C. which D. where3. What time will Mr. Brown be back to China? Sorry. I dont know .A. when did he go abroad B. why he is going abroadC. how soon will he be back D. how long he will stay abroa
35、d4. Shaolin Temple lies in the west of Zheng Zhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A. where B. which C. who D. what第 8 页5. May I come in? Im sorry I am lat. Come in, please. But could you please tell me ?A. why you are late again B. what were you doing thenC. who you talked with D. how
36、do you come to school6. Your dream wont come true you know what your dream is.A. after B. unless C. while D. since7. Barbara, where do you work? I work for a company sells cars.A. which B. where C. what D. who8. Could you please tell me ? Bus No.32 will take you right there.A. where is Henan Museum
37、B. what Henan Museum is likeC. how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum9. Tom, keep away from the fire, you will get burnt.A. and B. so C. or D. but10. How was your climbing on Mount Tai?I didnt believe I could do it I got to the top.A. until B. unless C. after D. when
38、11.Be careful, you will make mistakes in your exams.I know that, Mum. One can never be to careful.A. and B. or C. nor D. but12. I arrived at the airport the plane had taken off. A. after B. while C. when D. before13. the water was cold, Wei Qinggang jumped into it to save others.A. Although B. When
39、C. If D. Because14. Peter says that the Whites are on holiday, but no one knows .A. where they have been B. where are they C. where are they from D. where they have gone15.Do you know Hong Zhanhui?Yes. Hes the college student has moved Chinese people a lot.A. who B. which C. what D. whom16. All of u
40、s will be happy you can come with us. A. while B. if C. but D. or17.How long has the weather been like this? .A. Until last night B. Ever since last night C. Two days ago D. Two days later18. Im afraid that no one knows A. when will the game start B. where has our teacher goneC. who will win the gam
41、e D. how long did the meeting last第 9 页20052009 年全国中考题组1. Money is important its not the most important thing. A. and B. but C. or D. so2. Can you tell me ? She is in the computer lab.A. where Linda was B. where is Linda C. where was Linda D. where Linda is3. Little Helen is very young, she knows a
42、lot of things. A. but B. as soon as C. so D. since4. Thats the man house was destroyed in the storm. A. that B. whose C. who D. which5. What a nice T-shirt! Can I have it, Mom?Well, it really looks nice, I think its too expensive. A. but B. as C. for D. or6. Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soo
43、n as he .A. will arrive B. was arriving C. arrives D. arrived7. Do you know the MP4 yesterday? Sorry, Ive no idea about it.A. how much did he pay for B. how much he paid for C. he paid for how much D. he paid how much for8. The film“Kung Fu Panda”is interesting I would like to see it again.A. such;
44、that B. too; to C. as; as D. so; that9.Did Mrs. King leave a message? Yes. She wanted to know this Sunday.A. who you would go shopping B. if you would go shopping with herC. that you will go shopping D. when will you go shopping with her10. The whole world is fighting against the HINI, a disease has
45、 caused many deaths.A. who B. which C. whom D. what11.Is that the man helped us a lot after the earthquake?A. whose B. which C. when D. who12. The workers have decided to finish the task on time, it means they would have no weekends these two months.A. after all B. even though C. as if13. The girl I just talked with is Bens sister.A. whom B. which C. she14. We have to get up at 7:15 tomorrow morning, we will be late for the 7:40 train.A. before B. though C. if D. so15. My grandfather is very old, he never shops learning.A. than B. though C. but D. unless第 10 页
