1、The evolution of new towns in China: fromindustrial satellite towns to eco-citiesFulong Wu, Bartlett Professor of Planning, UCLAsian Development Bank Tongji Urban Knowledge Sharing Workshop, New Towns and New Districts in China Challenges and Opportunities 12-13 November 2013, Shanghai. Email: fulon
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5、sary and has indicated the precise source.outline 1. background 2. historical stages 3. development models 4. evaluation 5. eco-cities practices 6. conclusion I. backgroundE. Howard in his book“Tomorrow:APeaceful Path to Real Reform” proposed the concept of garden city as an ideal model of perfect b
6、lend of urban and rural attributes.Welwyn, British garden city刷。 er： . 、 飞 ， ， $1l(llo2New cities in Britain /)-u.钩lty” H t帽 p$tMdA 命 制 ，Tablets in the new city plaza of Stevenage tells about the history of the city from 1946 to 1980.Overview of Milton Keynes : a city layout based on road network li
7、nks :workrail.co. ukTysons CornerNew commercial cities at the edge of metropolis. In post-industrial age, sector of manufacturing service clustered in suburban areas, forming “new cities” which in nature do not fall into cities and towns.11Eco-towns in the UK Planning of 10 eco-towns proposed by Dep
8、artment Communities and Local Government, UK in 2007 75 bidding projects, most of which are modified versions of existing housing scheme proposals with a minimum of 5,000 to 20,000 household In 2009, a new Planning Policy Statement was prepared and published on 16 July 2009, describing the standards
9、 that eco-towns will have to meet include “zero-carbon“ developments and should be exemplary in one area of sustainability, new design and architectures, and low- energy, carbon-neutral developments built from recycled materials. car-free, with pedestrian and cycle-friendly environments balance of l
10、iving and employment, a minimum of 30% to 40% affordable housing in each eco-town There must be facilities and to develop residential area II. historical stagessatellite towns in the 1950 1980s According to planning of Shanghai in 1948 and 1958, 5 satellite towns were announced as Minhang, Wujing, A
11、nting, Songjiang and Jiading. By 1970s, new industrial towns took shapes with the initiation of Jinshanwei, Baoshan and other big industrial projects. Satellite towns in Shanghais” In 1950s, industrial complexes in peripheral Beijing evolved into satellite towns 1950s：”decentralized group1990： 10 pe
12、ripheral residential complexes 14 satellite towns Peripheral residential complexesone city nine towns in Shanghai Each town should have its own style. Songjiang New Town, university town within it, and Thames Town as a residential enclaveSubway toN ShanghaiUniversity TownThames TownCentral BusinessD
13、istrictIndustrial ZoneResidential QuarterOld TownSongjiang new city, college town andThames TownBeijing 11 new towns in 2004 Master Plan Three major new towns of Yizhuang, Shunyi and Tongzhou Linggang new town in Shanghainew towns as a new CBD1993- Guangzhoufrom wikiNew Towns as new CBDsNanjing Hexi
14、Zhengdong (Zhengzhou East) new district / new town as a new CBD New town as a new CBDZhengdong New District (CBD / new town)Images from China Dailydevelopment stages 1950s 80s industrial satellite towns 1980s-90s extension of residential areas in to city periphery, but little attraction to residents
15、 After 2000: new comprehensive projects such as college towns, news towns of industry, service, technology and business After 2000: new-city-led development under globalization 2008: eco-towns and cities with low-carbon and ecological standards After 2010: investment platform under the name of new c
16、ities III. development modelsChinese new towns and edge cities Kunshans Huangqiao北京亦庄新城 Beijings Yizhuangcharacteristics land development The market and the role of the state: administrative committee and New City Headquarters Of Develop Construction place marketing to attract investment A combinati
17、on of Industrial development Beijings 11 new towns and thedevelopment beltBeijing 100.01.6Haidian 100.00.1Daxing T。 ngzh。 u99.9 100.09.7 9.0Yizhuang100.030.6 21.8 44.7 49.6 84.025.7 16.6 37.1 40.2 83.54.9 5.2 7.6 9.4 0.567.8 78.1 45.5 41.4 16.05.9 1.9 2.0 1.3 4.17.4 12.1 0.0 0.1 5.39.7 9.3 4.3 5.6 2
18、.12.7 3.0 1.8 2.5 0.211.8 9.9 6.8 5.4 0.17.2 7.3 12.3 9.5 2.14.6 4.5 1.2 1.6 0.54.6 9.6 0.8 0.6 0.90.6 0.9 0.6 1.1 0.11.3 1.2 1.6 1.7 0.14.7 11.2 5.9 4.7 0.31.7 1.3 1.6 1.72.3 4.3 0.2 0.2 0.13.3 1.6 6.4 5.4 0.1。Yizhuang as an industrial new townTable 1the co m position of GDP in Bejing and var ious
19、distr icts (200 4) (Sour ce: Bejing Bas c Unt Cen sus,2004)TotalThe primary sector The secondary sectorIndustryc nstructionThe Te tiary sectorcommunication, c。and softwaretransport , logistics and postal servicesmputerwh esale and retaillhotel and catering financereal estateleasing and commerc ial servicesscientific research, technological service and geological创 刊 e ywater management , envir nment and public utility managementresidential service and otherspublic health, s。 ial security and s。 cial welfare 。educationcculture , sports and recreationpublic management and soc ial organization
