1、第 1 页 共 57 页 1GCT 英语备考模式一、考试目的英语使用能力测试旨在考察考生目前所具备的英语实际水平、阅读英语能力和运用英语能力。通过英语词汇量、语法、阅读、理解、日常口语等内容的测试，了解考生使用英语的综合能力。二、试题结构1题型与题量本部分共 50 道题，要求 45 分钟内完成。试卷由四部分组成，即阅读理解、完型填空、会话技能和语法词汇。 1）词汇和语法这部分试题的目的是测试考生掌握及使用英语词汇及短语的能力。考试大纲规定，词汇部分为单句选择填空，要求考生从四个选项中选出一个最佳答案填入空中。单项语法考试与词汇考试出现在同一部分，共 10 题，20 分。其中词汇共设 5 道题，
2、语法共有 5 道题，每道题 2 分。每道考题中有一空白，要求考生根据语法要求在四个选择项中选择一个最佳答案。本部分满分为 20 分，每题 2 分。考试时间为 8 分钟。2） 阅读理解共有 4 段独立的短文，每段短文约有 150 个英语单词。短文内容涉及政治、经济、历史、地理、文化、科技、人文、时事等。要求考生阅读每段短文后，回答 5 个问题。每个问题后有 4 个答案选项，其中 1 个选项为正确答案，要求考生选出该正确答案。4 段短文中，一篇较易，两篇难度适中，一篇较难。该部分考试时间大约为 21 分钟，分值为 40 分。 3）完型填空提供一篇约 240 个单词的短文，在短文中有 10 个空白。
3、每个空白有 4 个填空选项，其中 1个为正确答案，要求考生选出该正确答案。该部分考试时间大约为 8 分钟，分值为 20 分。4）会话技能有 10 段英语简短对话，每段对话是不完整的，在每段对话后有 4 个答案选项，要求考生从中选出 1 个最符合情景和习惯用法的答案，使得整个对话通顺完整。该部分考试时间大约为 8 分钟，分值为 20 分。 2试题难易程度试题由易到难分为 3 个等级，每套试题中容易、一般和较难的题目比例为 3：5：2。3试题评分标准本部分试题满分为 100 分，每道题 2 分。考生须从每道题所列的 A、B、C、D 四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，多选、不选或错选均不得分。 三、命
4、题范围英语使用能力考试命题范围的水平相当于四年制大学非英语专业毕业生应达到的水平。着重测试考生运用英语的能力，要求考生熟练掌握 4250 个以上的英语词汇和基本语法内容。考生需具有一定的阅读、写作和口头会话的能力，并具有一定的社会、生活和工作背景知识。阅读理解部分主要测试考生英语的阅读、理解、分析、判断能力。考生需要掌握一定的词汇量和具有一定的阅读速度以及知识背景。4 段短文中，其中 1 段为科普内容，1 段为有关第 2 页 共 57 页 2中国的报道。完型填空主要测试考生对词汇和语法的掌握程度，语法内容包括冠词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、分词、不定式、从句、时态、语态、倒装和虚拟
5、等。同时， 考生还需要具有一定的阅读理解能力。词汇与语法的比例为 1：1。 词汇语法主要是测试考生掌握及使用英语词汇及短语及了解基础语法的能力。词汇题的测试重点是对名词、动词、形容词、短语及固定搭配的判断和理解，其中包括区分同义词、近义词、反义词等。基础英语语法知识在工程硕士专业学位研究生资格考试外语测 试部分起着十分重要 的作用。不光对做语法题很关键，而且在阅读理解和完型填空题型中发挥着重要的作用。会话技能主要测试考生使用英语进行日常会话的能力，这些会话涉及的是生活中的常见情景，测试考生理解会话的情景、把握对话人的角色以及掌握英语口语习惯用法的能力。第 3 页 共 57 页 3工程硕士英语使
6、用能力考试GCT （一）语法部分讲解第一节 搞定时态Verb TenseVerb Tense Overview with Examples 一张表搞定英语国家最常用时态Simple Past一般过去Simple Present一般现在Simple Future一般将来Two years ago, I studied English in AmericaI study English everyday. If you are having problems, I will help you study English.Im going to study English next year.Pas
7、t Continuous过去进行Present Continuous现在进行Future Continuous将来进行I was studying English whenyou called yeaterday.I am studying English now. I will be studying english when you arrive tonight.Im going to be studying English when you arrive tonight.Past Perfect过去完成Present Perfect现在完成Future Perfect将来完成I had
8、studied a little English before I moved to the U.S.I have studied English in several different countries.I will have studied every tense by the time I finish this course.Im going to have studied every tense by the time I finish this course.Past Perfect Continuous过去完成进行Present Perfect Continuous 现在完成
9、进行Future Perfect Continuous将来完成进行I had been studying English for ten years before I moved to the U.S.I have been studying English for ten years.I will have been studying English for over three hours by the time you arrive.Im going to have been studying English for over three hours by the time you ar
10、rive.对于许多同学来说，以下几种时态可能比较陌生，是难点 一现在完成时：have / has + 过去分词1表示 过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 。常与yet， just，before ，recently，lately（最近），ever，never 等表时间的副词搭配使用。 He hasnt seen her lately. 第 4 页 共 57 页 4 I havent finished the book yet. 2表示 一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作 ，常与表示 一段时间 的时间状语连用。如：so far（迄今为止），up till now（直到现在
11、），since, for a long time（很长时间），up to present（直到现在），in the past / in the last few years（在过去的几年里），these days（目前） . He has worked here for 15 years. . I have studied English since I came here. The foreigner has been away from China for a long time. . So far, I havent received a single letter from my br
12、other. 3某些非延续性动词（即：动作开始便终止的动词），在现在完成时中不能与表示一段时间状语搭配。黄金要点：I常见的非延续动词：die, arrive（到达），join（加入）， leave（离开），go, refuse（拒 绝），fail（失败），finish ，buy，marry，divorce（离婚），awake（醒） ， buy，borrow，lend .（背三遍！）II这类动词并非不能用现在完成时，而是不能接常由 for 引导的时间状语。III但若是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。 She has gone away for a month.（
13、误） She has been away for a month （正） The man has died for two years.（误） The man has been dead for two years.（正） How long have youbought the book?（误） How long have you got the book.（正）4注意 since 的用法：. They havent had any troublesince they came here. It has been ten years since we met last time. . He h
14、as been heresince 1980. . He has been heresince ten years ago.第 5 页 共 57 页 55几组对比：He has gone to Shanghai. 他到上海去了。 He has been to Shanghai. 他去过上海。She has gone. 她已走了。 She is gone. 她缺席了。（ or 她死了。）The door has been closed. 门关上了。（动作）The door is closed. 门是关着的。（状态）测试精编：1. The prices _ going up all the tim
15、e in the past few years. A. keep B. kept C. have kept D. are keeping 2. For the whole period of two months, there _ no rain in this area. A. is B. will be C. has been D. have been 3. Today is Janes wedding day. She _ John. A. have just married with B. was just married to C. has just been married to
16、D. just has been married to 4. No wonder the flower have withered, they _ any water for ages.A. hadnt B. havent C. havent had D. hadnt had 5. Nowadays computer _ a wide application with the development of production and science. A. found B. has found C. finds D. had found 二现在完成进行时：have / has + been
17、+ 现在分词 1表示从过去某时开始发生， 一直延续到现在且可能延续下去的动作 。 （最好将此定义读 5 遍）. Ive been waiting for an hour but she hasnt come. . He has been running after her for 8 years.（run after: 追求）2表某种感情色彩。. Ive been wanting to see you for so many years. . Whos been telling you such nonsense. 释惑要点：现在完成时与现在完成进行时的对比：第 6 页 共 57 页 6现在完
18、成时强调 “结果 ”，而完成进行时强调 “动作的延续 ”。. I have thought of it.（我已想到了这一点。）. I have been thinking of it.（我一直在想这一点。）. Jim has painted the door.（杰姆已将门油漆过了。）. Jim has been painting the door.（杰姆一直在油漆门。）测试精编：1. They _ us since five oclock this morning. A. are helping B. have been helping C. have been helped D. have
19、helped 2. I _ the book the whole day, yet I havent finished it. A. have been reading B. have read C. am reading D. had been reading 3. Please come in. We _ about your paper. A. talk B. had been talking C. have been talking D. would have talked 4. Such natural resources as coal and petroleum _. A. gr
20、adually are exhausted B. are being gradually exhausted C. have gradually exhausting D. have been exhausting gradually 5. It _ almost every day so far this month. A. is raining B. rained C. rains D. has been raining 用所给动词正确时态填空。1. You should go to bed. You _ (watch) TV for 5 hours. 2. I _ (write) let
21、ters since breakfast. 3. I _ (write) 3 letters since breakfast. 4. Sorry, but Mr. Smith _ (leave) for Beijing.5. I _ (look) for him everywhere, where can he be? 三过去完成时：had + 过去分词1表示过去某个动作或某个具体时间之前已经发生、完成的动作。“过去的过去”。 They had got everything ready before I came. The play had begunbefore I got to the t
22、heater with my boyfriend. 2过去完成时常用于 hardly / scarcely . when, no sooner . than 等固定句型结构中。（此乃超级重点句型，意为：“一就”）第 7 页 共 57 页 7 She had hardly / scarcely gone to bed when the bell rang. No sooner had he arrived at the railway station than he met her parents.（注意 no sooner 在句首时句型倒装。） 3intend （打算）， mean（意味），h
23、ope（希望），want（想要），plan（计划）等动词的过去完成时用来表示本打算做而没有做的事。 I had intended to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.（原想昨天去看你） They had planed to hold a football match last week, but they had to cancel it because the bad weather.（原计划上周举行一场足球赛）测试精编：1. -Lets hurry! The
24、president is coming. -Oh, I was afraid that we _. A. already miss him B. had already missed him C. will miss him already D. have already missed him 2. Your letter came just as I _ my office. A. was leaving B. would leave C. had left D. left 3. I _ my keys, I cant remember where I last sawthem. A. wa
25、s losing B. lost C. had lost D. have lost 4. Nobody knew where the teacher _. A. has gone B. would have gone C. had gone D. would be gone 5. The sportsmen _ training for 3 hours when the coach told them to break off for rest. A. have been B. are C. had been D. were 四过去完成进行时：had been + 现在分词表示过去某个时间之前
26、一直在进行的动作。 She said that she had been typing a paper before I came in. 比较：. The girl had cleaned up the room, so it was tidy. . The girl had been clearing up the room, so we had to wait outside. 第 8 页 共 57 页 8测试精编：1. It _ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy. A. was raining B.
27、would be raining C. had been raining D. has rained 2. He told us that he _ there since 1982. A. has been living B. had been living C. would have lived D. was living 3. He had been learning English for 3 years before he came here and _ now.A. is still learning B. had been learningC. was still learnin
28、g D. has been learning 4. By the end of last week, he _ in the company for 10 years. A. had worked B. had been working C. will have worked D. would have worked 5. Not until then did people know that he _ important military information to the enemy for a long time. A. sold B. would sell C. had sold D
29、. had been selling 五将来进行时：shall / will be + 现在分词1表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作：. What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 比较：. Tom wont cut the grass because he is afraid of being tired.（说明意图）. Tom wont be cutting the grass.（无意图、仅陈述事实） 2用将来进行时询问别人的计划、打算比用一般将来时更显礼貌 。. Will you be having supper with us this eveni
30、ng? 3将来进行时表示对即将发生的动作的推测。. She will be arriving at Shanghai tomorrow morning. . The car will be going at the speed of 100 miles an hour.第 9 页 共 57 页 9第二节 搞定英语从句Subordination英语从句主要有定语从句，状语从句和名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）一定语从句1 定 语 从 句 ： 由 关 系 代 词 who, whom, whose, that, which; 关 系 副 词 when, where, why 引
31、 导 。（下面十个句子请读 5 遍并脱口译出！） 1. The death notices tell us about people who have died during the week. 2. The man (whom) you spoke to just now is my friend. 3. The building whose lights are on is beautiful. 4. Please find a place which we can have a private talk in. 5. The knee is the joint where the thi
32、ghbone meets the large bone of the lower leg. 6. He still remembers the day when he went to school. 7. It is no need telling us the reason why you didnt finish it in time. 8. He has three sons, two of whom died in the war. 9. Mr. Smith, whose wife is a clerk, teaches us English. 10. In the Sunday pa
33、per there are comics, which children enjoy. 2 只能用 that 和 who 引导的定语从句Aall, nothing, anything, a few, one 做先行词指物时 B先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时，后面常跟 that 而不是 which. C先行词前有 the only, the first, the last, the next, the very 等词修饰时，引导词只能用that。 D当先行词是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody 时，后面要用 who 或
34、whom； All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的并非都是金子。 3 as 引导定语从句as 引导的定语从句有两种形式：A引导限制性语从句。在此类定语从句中，as 常与主语中作为其先行词的 such, the same 或 as 联用构成，第 10 页 共 57 页 10“such. as”，“the same. as”和 “as .as”句型，可代替先行词。例如：We hope to get such a tool as he is using. 我们希望得到他正在用的那种工具。Bas 引导非限制性定语从句时，作用与 which 相同，as 作为关系代词代替整个
35、主句。（这是语法考试的一个考点。）例如：He was a foreigner , as I knew from his accent . 他是个外国人，我从他的口音可以听出来注意区别：as 引导的从句用于句首、句中或句后，而 which 引导的定语从句不能放在句首。例如：As is reported, a foreign delegation will visit the city.据报道，一个外国代表团将访问这个城市。 二状语从句超级作文联接词及词组，全部拿下！ 原因：because, since, now that（既然）as, for, this reason 结果：so that, s
36、o, therefore, consequently, so as to, as a result 时间：after, before, when, while, as, until, as soon as, since, by the time, once, lately, presently, shortly after, currently, at present, nowadays . 条件： if, only if., once, unless, in the event (that), in case (that), provided that, on the condition t
37、hat, etc. 让步：though, although, even though(if), no matter what / how / when whatever / however / whenever 目的：in order that, in order to, to, 比较：than, as . as, by comparison（相比较），by contrast（相对照） 三名词性从句王牌要点：通常由 that 或疑问词导出。1. How some mammals came to live in the sea is not know.（主语从句） 2. The attorney
38、 told his client that they had little chance of winning the case.（宾语从句） 3. The problem is what well do next.（表语从句） 4. We have no idea that he has come back.（同位语从句）同位语（Appositive）: 同位语是英语语法的重点内容，也是各类考试中的一个考点，同时，在写作中正确运第 11 页 共 57 页 11用同位语可以使你的句型更加简洁得体。 新概念英语 第三册第一课有这样一个句子： When reports came into Lond
39、on zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. （当伦敦动物园接到报告说，在伦敦以南 45 英里处发现一只美洲狮时，这些报告并没有受到重视。） 在这里，a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London 就是同位语从句，它本来应该放在 “reports”后面，这里却被放在了谓语成分 came into London zoo 的后面，目的是让句型显得更为稳重。I简
40、单记忆：同位语从句，就是对某些名词做进一步的解释的句子。I was greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday. （that 引导的句子解释了 news 的内容，注意：that 不做任何成分） We have to face the fact that the weather is unexpectedly bad. （that 引导的句子解释了 fact 的内容）II联想记忆：能 接 同 位 词 从 句 的 名 词 有 ： belief（ 信 仰 ） ， fact， idea， doubt， rum
41、or（ 谣 言 ） ，evidence（ 证 据 ） ， conclusion（ 结 论 ） ， suggestion（ 建 议 ） ，problem， order， answer， discovery（ 发 现 ） explanation（ 解 释 ） ， principle（ 原 则 ） ，possibility（ 可 能 性 ） ， truth， promise（ 承 诺 ） ， report（ 报 告 ） ， statement（ 声 明 ） ，knowledge（ 知 识 ） ， opinion（ 观 点 ） ， likelihood（ 可 能 性 ）大声朗读三遍，背下即可。III王
42、牌要点： 同位语一般由 that 引导，但也可以用关系代词 which, who, what 和关系副词 when, where, why, how 或 whether 引导。 There arouse the question whether we could win the game. I have no idea how to explain it. 一些介词词组后面也能引导同位语从句。（非常经典之功能句式，可用于四六级和托福作文，不妨一试！）： on the assumption（在前提下），on the ground（由于原因），第 12 页 共 57 页 12on the cond
43、ition that（在条件下），with the exception（有例外）owing to the fact（由于事实）；on the understanding（基于 理解）；The young lady promised to marry the old man on the condition that he bought her a villa. 那位年轻的女士答应嫁给那位老头，条件是他给她买一幢别墅。 IV分隔式同位语从句为了使句型平衡不至于头重脚轻，有时同位语从句可以放到句子的末尾，（读两遍此定义，然后看倒句：） An idea came to him that he mig
44、ht write to her to ask more information about the matter. I got information from my friend that there will be a marvelous American movie “Titanic“. V. 同位语从句与定语从句之区别简单记忆：定语从句的引导词 that 或 which 在句子中用作主语或宾语，而同位语从句的引导词 that 只起连接主句和从句之作用，不用作任何成分。示例：Ive got an answer that A is right. (同位语从句，that 不做成分) Ive
45、got an answer that surprised me a lot.（定语从句，that 做定语从句的主语） VI王牌重点：可以充当同位语的词组或短语。 1）名词短语。（ 使句型更为简洁 ） Bill Clinton, the president of America, came to China to pay an official visit in 1998. Lu Xun, one of the greatest essayists in China, played an overwhelmingly important role in Chinese literature hi
46、story. 2）动名词词组亦可用作同位语：别忘了加逗号。（ 使句型更为流畅 ） Im crazy about the game, playing baseball. Going to concert, that sounds a great idea. 3）不定式短语。（ 陌生只是掌握的开始 ） The problem what to do next remains unsolved. Her claim to have finished his work is nothing but a white lie. 4）形容词词组。（有逗号隔开） All the workers, young o
47、r old, should be treated equally. 第 13 页 共 57 页 13Young man, short or tall, should have the right to take the opportunity. VII. 同位语的引导词。（ 重要！这是中高级写作中不可缺少的引导成分 ） 引导词用来表示同位语与它所说明的同位成分之间的关系： 1namely, that it is, that is to say（也就是说）, in other words（换句话说）, or, for short 表示等同关系。 2such as, say, so to spea
48、k（譬如说）, including（包括）, for instance（或 for example (e.g. / eg），表示举例和列举关系。 3especially, mostly, chiefly, or better, in particular, particularly 表示突出重点，（在高难度阅读中表示后面的部分为更重要或更突出的部分，是出题的关键点。） 测试精编I. 选择正确选项：1. _ all behavior is learned behavior is a basic assumption of social scientists. A. Nearly B. That nearly C. It is nearly D. When nearly 2. The people at
