1、基于价值特色的传统村落保护发展规划研究以江西省鹤舍村为例（英文） 黄萍 江西师范大学城市建设学院 摘 要： 传统村落是人类历史的根基, 是农耕文明的结晶, 是乡土情怀的重要载体, 也是中华民族的精神家园。在重视传统村落的保护, 积极编制传统村落保护发展规划的重要时期, 保护规划千篇一律, 只求数量、速度的现象凸显。每一个传统村落都有其独特的价值和灵魂, 忽略其内在文化内涵、价值特色, 导致规划缺乏科学性、全面性, 无法真正在实践中落实。该文以江西省鹤舍村为例, 通过提炼其价值特色, 根据科学的规划原则, 提出传统村落以价值特色为导向的规划策略。关键词： 价值特色; 保护规划; 鹤舍村; 作者简
2、介：黄萍 (1992-) , 女, 江西抚州人, 硕士研究生, 研究方向:城市规划理论与设计, E-mail:。收稿日期：2017-08-27Research on Traditional Village Protection Development Planning Based on Value CharacteristicsTaking Heshe Village in Jiangxi Province As An ExamplePing HUANG School of Urban Construction, Jiangxi Normal University; Abstract： Tra
3、ditional villages are the foundation of human history, the crystallization of agricultural civilization, the important carrier of homeland feelings, and the spiritual homeland of the Chinese nation. In the important period of attaching importance to the protection of traditional villages and making
4、active plans for the protection and development of traditional villages, the planning of conservation has been stereotyped, which only cares about quantity and speed. Every traditional village has its unique value and soul, and ignoring its internal cultural connotation and value characteristics can
5、 result in the lack of scientific and comprehensive planning, making it unable not be implemented in practice. In this paper, taking Heshe Village in Jiangxi Province as an example, the value characteristics oriented planning strategy for traditional villages were proposed through the refinement of
6、its value characteristics based on the scientific planning principles.Keyword： Value characteristics; Conservation planning; Heshe Village; Received： 2017-08-27According to the Notice on Carrying out Investigation of Traditional Villages (Jiancun2012No.58) 1by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural
7、 Development, Ministry of Culture, State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Finance of the Peoples Republic of China, “traditional village refers to the villages formed earlier, with rich traditional resources and a certain historical, cultural, scientific, artistic, social and economi
8、c values, which should be protected.“Traditional villages are the foundation of human history, the crystallization of agricultural civilization, the important carrier of homeland feelings, and the spiritual homeland of the Chinese nation.However, with the deepening of urbanization, on the one hand,
9、the disorderly expansion of the city makes traditional buildings dismantled, the new buildings are incompatible with the overall scenes of the villages, making the traditional villages rapidly disappear;on the other hand, the backward living environment of the villages cannot meet peoples growing de
10、mands for materials, resulting in obvious empty-nested phenomenon, and the villages lose the vitality, making the village cultural connotation hard to continue.Therefore, a series of laws and regulations have been issued one after another, like Measures for the Examination and Approval of Block Prot
11、ection Planning for Historical and Cultural Cities, Towns and Villages (MOHURD No.201420) , Notice on the Basic Requirements for Issuing Traditional Village Protection and Development Planning by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (Trial) (Jiancun No.2013130) , Guidance for Strength
12、ening Traditional Village Protection by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, Ministry of Culture, State Administration of Cultural Heritage, Ministry of Finance of the Peoples Republic of China (Jiancun No.201461, expressing th e firm determination of the central government to protec
13、t the precious heritage of traditional villages.For a time, governments at all levels declare the traditional villages in large scale, and compile the protection and development planning in mass.Although these deeds do have an active role to a certain extent, actually most protection plans are the s
14、ame with no value characteristics, making them unable to implement in practice.The“Plan“are only“blueprints“, which finally not only cause certain economic loss, but also slow down the process of the protection of traditional villages, making the traditional villages have not got timely effective pr
15、otection.The plans do not have clear recognition of the value characteristics of the traditional villages, ignore their cultural connotations, making the protection work single-faceted and disordered, even at the cross purposes.Therefore, when compiling the protection plans, the accurate refinement
16、of the value characteristics of traditional villages is the necessary prerequisite, which should be carried out throughout the planning.Only in this way can it take hold of the core connotation of the villages, so as to provide powerful evidence for the protection of traditional villages and promote
17、 the coexistence of village protection and development.Value CharacteristicsThe value characteristics of villages are the essence and soul of traditional villages.Refining the value characteristics of traditional villages can fully understand the real historical values, and extracting the distinctiv
18、eness of traditional villages from other villages can set up marks for the villages, and provide the future development orientation for the villages2.For example, located beside Poyang Lake, Heshe Village is an ancient village with Hui style architectures in Suxiang Town, Duchang County, central Chi
19、nas Jiangxi Province.Initially built during the last years of Donghan Dynasty, the village has a history of more than one thousand and eight hundred years.Heshe Village is in the foot of Sushan mountain, adjacent to Hukou County, and faced with Lush an across the river.In 2012, Heshe Vilalge was app
20、roved by the provincial government as the famous historical and cultural village of provincial level, and in 2016, it was listed in the fourth batch of Chinese traditional villages by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.All the residents in the village share a same family name-Yuan,
21、and Heshe Village is a historical and cultural village with farming and literature, agriculture and commerce.In Heshe Village, stone mining processing is the leading industry, with the traditional planting industry of grain, cotton, oil as the basis, and the tourism industry as an auxiliary to form
22、a diversified industrial structure.Site layout characteristicsThe location and layout of Heshe Village contain profound Taoist culture.The village site was well observed and studied, which made sophiscated use of Taoist thought of“following nature“.It makes good use of the location advantages, and t
23、he Yudai River is a dividing line, dividing the village into two parts like Tai Chi with farmland planting in the south and residential building in the north.There is a pond in the center of the village to collect the rainfall in the river, which flows into Yuxi River through covered channels.Artifi
24、cial pond and natural hills echo each other, forming the two fish eyes in the diagram of Tai Chi.A school is built in the west of the village to provide education for the children, which forms the layout of“south farming north reading“, inheriting the excellent tradition of“farming-reading culture“.
25、The layout of Heshe Village is like a poem, sending forth the poetry illusion of“farming and reading“, and it is also a picture, passing on the picture sense of“landscape, pastoral, ancient village“.The clan temple of Yuan has its hall door directed towards the west in Heshe Village, and all the res
26、idents have their temples unified towards the west.When selecting the sites, the ancestors attached great importance to the“four supernatural beings“of geomantic omen.Green Dragon, the God in the East worshipped by the Taoists, is on the left, where Yuxi River meanders downwards;White Tiger, the God
27、 in the West worshipped by the Taoist, is on the right, where an ancient path pass through the village;Vermilion Bird, the God in the South worshipped by the Taoist, is in the front, where there lies a clear pond;Black Tortoise, the God in the North worshipped by the Toist, is in the back, where the
28、 hills wind and twist.Therefore, the site is an auspicious place corresponding with“four supernatural beings“.In general, the village is centered with the clan temple with all buildings towards the west, and the village is T-shaped.For hundred of years, the clan temple as the core enhances the cohes
29、ive force of the village, and together with the history and economic development rule of the village itself, and the binding force of the tribal system as well as the influences of fenshui theory, the layout of the village is always expanding orderly.The village has an unwritten rule since ancient t
30、imes, that is, the construction of new houses cannot demolish old houses.Therefore, more than 6 000 square meters of ancient buildings of Qing Dynasty still have their own charms.Historical evolution characteristicsYuan An, the ancestor of the family Yuan in Duchang, is the chief of prefecture Chu,
31、administrator of Henan in Emperor Ming, who was known to be strict, and he served successively as Taipu, Minister of Public Works, Minister over the Masses.Yuan Ans descendants had been great bureaucrats for generations, and“Runan Yuan Family“became a famous family of in the Eastern Han Dynasty, whi
32、ch was also why it was called“Runan Yuan Family“.Ancestorsinstructions are the norms to maintain the unity of the family and the behavior of the people.The existence of the village development so far is based on the patriarchal clan culture.Yuans descendants adhere to ancestorsprophecy, strenuously
33、studying, obtaining fame.The family tradition of lying in snow has become family common practice for generations, and it is a heritage of the Yuans family, the source of prosperity of the clan.There is no lack of metropolitan graduates, officials in the descendents of Yuan, making Yuan Family become
34、 a studious model.The village is also known as“Xueshe Village“, derived from the people of Heshe Vilalge, who are found of studying themselves, but also attach importance to pursuing their studies.In order to facilitate the study of the clansmen and people in the surrounding areas, the family built
35、a school in the west of the village, named“Huanxiangzhai“, dedicated to the training of talents, knowledge exchange, and many officials and learned scholars studiedhere.Therefore, Huanxiangzhai became famous for scholarly institutions.Nowadays, although Huanxiangzhai no long exists, a new school was
36、 built in the original site of it, so as to continue the purpose of teaching and educating.Traditional architecture characteristicsThere are many ancient buildings in Heshe Village, of which 18 ancient buildings are the cultural relics protection units at the county level.The ancient buildings of th
37、e Qing Dynasty witnessed the residence pattern of the Qing Dynasty, which have rich cultural connotations and profound architectural values.The architectural form, structure and decoration of the ancient residential buildings in Heshe Village have local characteristics, and the preserved buildings a
38、re mainly in the courtyard style of the Qing Dynasty.Residential layout is organized in the unite of“courtyard“, in which the main hall and back hall, wing-rooms on the left and right are in symmetrical distribution.Most are constructed using wooden frame of crossing bracket type or the combination
39、of crossing bracket with supporting beam type.Courtyard is the internal space of the building itself, and it is to solve the problems of ventilation and lighting, so as to create good living conditions for the villagers.The decorations in the folk houses mainly focus on interior components, especial
40、ly the internal interface along the courtyard, and decorations can be found at the doors, windows, roof beams, column brackets, supporting arches.The doors of the wingrooms on both sides have delicate decorations.Wood carvings and building components are integrated as a whole, and the combination of
41、 embossment and intaglio makes the flowers, plants, birds, animals, auspicious patterns and other complicated lines and opera characters look incisive and vivid, spl endid and gorgeous, which can be called the folk engraving art museum.Fig.1 Planning map for the protection domain 下载原图Fig.2 Important
42、 historical environment elements 下载原图Fig.3 Short-term protection planning map 下载原图Folk culture characteristicsHeshe village contains farming culture, Confucian culture, commercial culture, architectural culture, but also has the ancient legends of Sudan saving people and his filial piety to his moth
43、er, modern military culture, as well as rich clan culture.The clan culture of Heshe Village is not only reflected in the genealogy, generations of sending words, but also reflected in the“Yuans Treaty“, which persuade Yuans descendants to read, be filial, hardworking, strict with the descents, attac
44、h importance to the ancestors, have upright marriage, save complaints, abstain from gambling, keep away from plays, compile schema (formula) , and treasure family tree.In Heshe Village, folk customs have been performed in the 15th day of the first month of lunar year for over hundreds of years, such
45、 as making light cakes, performing dances, and building room upper beams.Traditional Village Protection and Development PlanningThe goal of traditional village protection and development planning is to protect the natural landscape pattern and excellent historical and cultural heritage of traditiona
46、l villages, fully excavate the cultural connotation of traditional villages, protect and continue the unique style and features of ancient buildings, establish self-confidence and self-esteem of local culture, improve the living environment of villagers, properly handle the relationship between prot
47、ection and development.Therefore, we should refine the value characteristics of the traditional villages, and make full use of the characteristic cultural resources revitalize local culture and economy.HesheVillagehasbeautiful scenery, a long history and many talented people, and it is a village wit
48、h rich natural and cultural landscape.The value characteristics are mainly shown in the following:well observed site, orderly layout;larger numbers of outstanding people, ancient school relics;diversified ancient buildings, delicate carvings;rich folk customs and bright culture.Overall, Heshe Villag
49、e has beautiful scenery, outstanding location advantages, rich mineral resources, profound historical content.Therefore, the orientation for Heshe Village is planned as a comprehensive traditional village integrated with mineral resources sustainable development and traditional village protection and development together, with traditional culture experience, tea industry sightseeing, featured folk display as the main functions.In the preparation of the traditional village protection and development planning for Heshe Village, it should be gui
