1、中国发明第四套农耕方法“粉垄” （英文） 韦本辉 广西农业科学院经济作物研究所 摘 要： 首次阐明己列入中国农业部主推技术的农耕新方法“粉垄”为继人力、畜力、机械 (拖拉机) 耕作之后的第四套 (代) 农耕模式与方法, 其基本理论与效果, 是遵循自然规律活化利用土壤、天然降水及太阳光能等“天地资源”, 实现活土、保水、沛氧、增温、淡盐而促进农业新一轮自然性增产提质和保水生态, 使作物增产 10-30%、品质提升 5%、增效 10%以上、增贮天然降水 100%;其特点与机理, 是利用螺旋型钻头垂直入 30-50 厘米高速旋切土壤一次性完成整地任务, 其过程经过瞬间高温和多次激烈撞击、机械摩擦,
2、达到松土数量倍增、土壤物理升华并扩建了土壤养分、水库、氧气、微生物等新“四库”;粉垄可物理性“淡盐”改造利用盐碱地;形成粉垄绿色农耕发展技术体系, 是发明并获专利授权创造的耕作工具“自走式粉垄机械”和农田 (旱地、稻田) 粉垄栽培方法、盐碱地粉垄栽培方法、退化草原粉垄聚水生态丰草方法等;提出粉垄会催生新的农耕文化与文明;提出中国粉垄“4+1” (耕地、盐碱地、退化草原、海绵城市+江河水体) 可实现粮食食物、生存空间“双安全”。关键词： 粉垄; 第四套 (代) 农耕新方法; 活化利用“天地资源”; 增产提质; 保水生态; 作者简介：韦本辉 (1954-) , 男, 广西北流人, 研究员, 主要从
3、事粉垄耕作技术及薯类作物育种栽培研究, E-mail:。收稿日期：2017-09-12基金：Supported by the National Key Technology R Abstract： The basic theory and effect of the new farming method of “Fenlong“ cultivation which has been included in the main extension technology of Ministry of Agriculture of the Peoples Republic of China is fu
4、lly illustrated for the first time, and it is the fourth set (generation) of farming modes and methods following manpower, animal and mechanical (tractor) farming. It follows the natural law to achieve soil activation, water saving, oxygen increase, warming and desalination through the active use of
5、 natural resources like soil, rainfall and solar energy, thereby promoting a new round of natural agricultural production and quality improvement and water conservation, which has crop yield increase by 10%-30%, quality improvement of 5%, natural precipitation retaining increase by100%. The characte
6、ristics and mechanism are the use of spiral drill for one-time completion of the land preparation by drilling vertically to 30-50 cm of soil layer through high speed peeling. After instant high temperature and many fierce impacts, mechanical frictions, it could achieve the multiplication of the numb
7、er of loose soil, soil physical modification and expansion of the soil nutrients, reservoirs, oxygen, microorganisms ( “Four pools“) . Fenlong cultivation can give birth to new farming culture and civilization, and it can achieve the physical “desalinized“ transformation and utilization of saline so
8、il. The formation of Fenlong green farming technology system makes it possible to invent the farming tools of “self-propelled Fenlong machinery“ that has got the patent, and it is the method for farmland (dry land, paddy field) Fenlong cultivation, saline-alkali soil smash-ridging cultivation and fo
9、r the abundance of grass ecology on degraded grassland. The application of Fenlong “4 +1“ (arable, saline-alkali soil, grasslands, Sponge City+rivers) green development in China can achieve the “double safety“ of food and living space.Keyword： Fenlong cultivation; The fourth set (generation) of new
10、farming methods; Activation and utilization of natural resources; Improvement of production and quality; Water conservation ecology; Received： 2017-09-12It has been clarified that the fourth set (generation) of new farming methods following manpower, an-imal and mechanical (tractor) farmingFenlong c
11、ultivation developed by Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences could significantly improve the yield and quality and water holding capacity of the farmland (dry land, paddy fields) after 10 years of re search and demonstration1-10, and it has been primarily proved that the method could transform a
12、nd utilize the saline-alkali soil by diluting the salt in a physical way.It is also feasible to gather water and enrich grass in the degraded grassland11-12.The pioneer“self-propelled smash-ridging machine“, which has been invented and got the patent approval in the world for the first time, has bee
13、n set production practice and launched to the market13, and practice has proved that the technology is not limited to time and space, promising with broad application prospects.The technological achievements have got the recognition from academicians, experts, leaders of the party and government and
14、 the broad masses of farmers, which mark that Fenlong cultivation have step-ped in a new era of green farming.Concept and Advantages of Fenlong CultivationThe concept and goal of Fenlong cultivation is to follow nature, maximize the use of natural resources, reduce the pressure of agricultural manag
15、ement caused by the inconsistence between population and resources, meet the needs of the increasing population to the development of agricultural resources, water resources and quality food sources through the activation of natural resources12.Fenlong cultivation transforms the traditional farming
16、method of normal ploughing for thousand of years which only makes use of the surface soil at the depth of 10-20 cm, and changes the passive agricultural plights which affect human healthy and safety and sustainable development caused by the wide application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides tha
17、t have led to the pollution of soil, water, air and food.For smash-ridging cultivation, the traditional“plow-share“ploughing changes into deep rotary tillage at the depth of 30-50 cm using“spiral driller”going vertically into the soil to complete the soil preparation at one time1.It broadens the dev
18、elopment and utilization in the fields of saline-alkali land, grassland and other areas, and supported by relevant technical measures, it has achieved gratifying significant increase of yield, quality, water holding capacity and ecological effect.Its contribution and responsibility is to advance to
19、a more harmonious, coexistent, sustainable green development road through leveraging the natural resources using farming6,11, so as to make the world peaceful and people live in happiness.MechanismofFenlong Cultivation Activating ResourcesSmash-ridg ing cultivation can make more sufficient use of th
20、e natural resources in farming, which increase the agricultural yield and quality, and improve the ecological environment.First, the self-propelled Fenlong machine invented by WEI et al.and developed by Guangxi Wufeng Machinery Company doubles the amount of loosened soil using the equipped“spiral dr
21、ill”which can go vertically deep into soil at 30-50 cm.The spiral drill can make 500-600 rounds per minute, and it seems that the high speed rotation can generate instant high temperature calcination and repeated violent collision and friction process, which not only can increase the amount of loose
22、ned soil, but also sublimate the soil in physical properties14-15.In this way, the granular struc-ture of soil get greatly improved, which makes the soil particles release the nutrients fully, and soil surface gloss, capillary cut, difficult to bond and hardening16-19.During the high speed rotary cu
23、tting and smashing procedure, the spiral drill can smash crop roots, residues of insects and other organisms, ground weeds and some straws together into the soil, increasing the organic matter content in the soil.Smash-ridging operation has each group of double spiral drills spinning into soil in po
24、sitive and negative directions in high speed to remove the soil backward, which can make the oxygen in the air rapidly mix with the soil which is in violent collision and friction, thereby doubling the soil oxygen content.In traditional farming, some of the elements in the soil which are not easy to
25、 make use of can be released, and the long-term deposited nutrients in the soil can be activated in plow pan, thereby increasing soil available nutrients under the actions of microorganisms.As for smash-ridging rotary cultivation, the soil of plow pan and below can be upturned, which replaces the so
26、il of the surface soil, thus reinforcing the activity and population optimization of microorganisms14-20.Fenlong cultivation doubles the depth of the tillage or over, creates a brand new soil ecological environment which is suitable for the re-high-yield production of crops, expands the“Four pools“,
27、 that is, soil nutrient pool-loosened soil loosening in unit area is doubled, and the soil available nutrients for crop utilization improves 10%-30%, cultivated land water pool-natural precipitation (rainfall) infiltration rate increases 30%-50%, and water storage capacity is doubled, soil oxygen po
28、ol-soil bulk density decreases 20%-30%, and oxygen capacity is doubled, soil microorganism pool-the number of soil beneficial microorganisms increases by more than 1 times.Soil temperature can be increased by 1-416.The increase and coordination of water, fertilizer, gas and temperature make the crop
29、s root system highly developed, plant robust, photosynthetic efficiency increased by more than10%, and makes it able for the crops to resist impacts of drought, high temperature, low temperature and the other adverse environment conditions.The special mechanisms of the mechanical action of Fenlong c
30、ultivation make the soil have the effects of“soil activation, water saving, oxygen increase, warming and desalination“, and make creative changes to the cultivated land from low yield land into medium yield land, medium yield land into high yield land, high yield land into the platform with higher p
31、roductivity20.Moreover, once Fenlong cultivation can make the land have high and stable yield for continuous years of different crops (the early rice could still have a yield increase of 3.1%7 years after Fenlong cultivation in Minan Town, Beiliu City, Guangxi) , saving land and costs.Yield Increase
32、 of Fenlong CultivationThe rese arch in recent 10 years shows that smash-ridging cultivation could increase the yield by 10%-20%compare with tractor cultivation without fertilization.For example, the corn and peanut in Guangxi reaches 13.4%and17.9%, respectively26;the corn yield increased by 18.3%in
33、 Hebei tested by Zhang from Chinese Academy of Sciences;the yield of potato increased by26.55%in the test in Dingxi by Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in26.55%.The application of Fenlong cultivation to the dem-onstration of over 20kinds of crops, including rice2,5-6,20, corn16-19,21-23, wheat
34、15, potato7showed an increase of 10%-30%in 21provinces, including Guangxi, Hainan, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang.The China Academy of Agricultural Sciences conducted stationary test in Wuqiao, Hebei using Fenlong cultivation, and the results showed that Fenlong cultivation for once could make the yield inc
35、rease for 4 continuous years, and the highest yield increase of corn reaches 3 819.75 kg/hm, an increase of 38.19%17.Without training and technical guidance, the farmers of Caocun Town, Fuping, Shaanxi saw an increase of 1 815 kg/hmof the first crop of winter wheat, an increase of 29.9% (2 895 kg/hm
36、for second crop of summer corn) .In Guyuan, Hebei, the yield increase of potato using smash-ridging cultivation reached 17 220 kg/hm, an increase of34.4%, the yield of wheat planted in Wen County, Henan using Fenlong cultivation increased by 30.13%27, and the yield of potato planted at an altitude o
37、f 1 900 m in Dingxi, Gansu, showed a 40%and even double increase using rain-fed smash-ridging cultivation.Fenlong cultivation could reduce the salinity by 20%-40%28and increase the yield of crops by 20%-30%in the application in the saline-alkali land in 9 provinces including Hebei, Henan, Shaanxi, N
38、ingxia, Shandong, Inner Mongolia.In Dongying, Shandong, after smash-ridging cultivation, the saline-alkali land of moderate, high degree has the soil saline concentration reduced by 8%and 31%, respectively, and the biological yield of the corn planted in the saline-alkali land of moderate degree inc
39、reased by over 50%with Fenlong cultivation carried out in the middle growth period of corn.For Inner Mongolia province, the grass increased by116%at the 5 month after smashridging cultivation in the degraded grassland.Fenlong cultivation can also bring considerable economic benefits.Gansu Academy of
40、 Agricultural Sciences conducted Fenlong cultivation to potato in Dingxi, Gansu in 2011-2013, and the results showed that the net income of the first year was 13 377.9 Yuan, an increase of 41.94%from the control, and the total increasing income in 3years of smash-ridging cultivation was9 586.05 Yuan
41、, an increase of23.14%.The test of smash-ridging cultivation to rice in Minan, Beiliu, Guangxi, showed that the net benefit of the first quarter increased by30.43%, and the total average increase to the sixth quarter was21.82%.Fenlong cultivation has also got good evaluation and support from Yuan Lo
42、ngping, Liu Xu and other academicians;both Wang Yang, vice premier of the State Council, and Peng Qinghua, the Autonomous Region Party Secretary, had made written instructions to the material related with smash-ridgingcultivation.“Fenlong green ecological agricultural technology“has been included in
43、 cultivation techniques recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture in 2017.Smashridging has stepped on a new era of the green development of natural resources for cultivated land use.Positive Energy Effects and Prospect of Fenlong CultivationIn the vast universe, man and nature should live in harmon
44、y, otherwise, man may die.Confirming to nature, Fenlong cultivation can provide platforms for the correct ways to care about nature (it can achieve the yield protection or yield increase through reasonably reducing the pollution from fertilizer and pesticide) and to deal with the relationship betwee
45、n beautiful ecological environment with more agricultural products from nature (land, rivers) .There are a series of positive effects coming directly or indirectly from Fenlong cultivation, which are mainly as follows:(1) Changing the low capacity, low efficiency natural resources application patter
46、n in current farming agriculture, Fenlong cultivation can greatly increase the use of natural resources like loosened soil, natural precipitation, air oxygen, microorganism and over10%of solar energy, forming the new coordination and superimposed effect of natural resourc es, solving frontier scient
47、ific problems of high efficient use of natural resources in agriculture, achieving a new round of yield and quality increase and water-holding ecology in agriculture11-12.(2) Fenlong cultivation can be applied to multiple fields like cultivated land, saline-alkali land and degraded grassland.Fenlong
48、 could double the tillage depth, which not only increases agricultural output, but also can be treated as the non-increase investment cost since it establishes a tremendous“soil reservoir“which extendsthethree-dimensionalland space towards underground.The“soil reservoir”holds the natural precipitati
49、on (rain, snow water) , on the one hand, for the growth and application of crops, and on the other hand, reduces the flooding and drought degree.As the non-increase investment cost, it relieves the contradiction between industrialization, urbanization and agricultural production in China.Moreover, the establishment of a tremendous land“soil reservoir“reduces soil erosion and restores the ecological environment (for example, the Yellow River is expected to become a clear river) .The infiltrated water sources not only replenish unde
