1、 TVO ( ) TVO , , TVO , TVO , TVO , , ; ; ; , , 21 , , , 44 , (51376157) Investigation on TVO carbon ceramic sensor for low temperature measurement Wang Yilin Ren Sijie Gan Zhihua Zhan Sen Yao Yuefeng Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, Zhejiang University; Abstract In order to promote the app
2、lication of TVOs ( Carbon Ceramic Sensors ( CCS) ) at low temperature measurement, the characteristics of TVOs were investigated based on literature review. The structure, calibration, utility, characteristics and performance of TVOs under harsh working environments such as high magnetic fields and
3、gamma radiation were studied thoroughly. The results show that TVOs are good thermometers at low temperature due to the high sensitivity, long-term stability, short response time, and high reliability in harsh working environments as well as cheap price, which is worth the attention of the cryogenic
4、s research. Keyword resistance thermometer; carbon ceramic; low temperature measurement; 1 , 1.6 300 K , 1 TVO TVO , / 2 50 , TVO , 3;1977 , (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR; ) Datskov - TVO/2-5/ 4, , TVO 1 , 5 20 ( 4%) ( 90%) / ( 6%) 2,4-6 6, 0.08g2, 4, / TVO 2 , , , , 1 TVO Fig.1 TVO ca
5、rbon ceramic sensor 1- ;2- ;3- / ;4- ;5- (90% , 3% 5% ) 2 TVO 7Fig.2 Micrograph of a TVO sensor TVO , 6 TVO 910 1 000 3, , , , 2, 4.2 K 1 ms 3 TVO , TVO , 2 TVO 1984 , 4 000 TVO JINR 3 JINR 0.91 1.0 TVO 20 300 K 77 K , 300 K 77 K , R300/R77 1.4 , 66% TVO , TVO 4.2 K 300 K , 4: :T , K;R 0 300 K n TVO
6、 2 425 K , TVO , , , , , , , 8 TVO ( 3 ) , 4.2K 0.3 K , 3 TVO 8Fig.3 Exploded view of in copper can TVO sensor 3 TVO 3.1 TVO , 4 TVO - JINR : 4.2 K , TVO 570 , 4 , - , TVO 30 K , 4 TVO 3Fig.4 Resistance-temperature characteristic of TVO sensor 5 TVO 9Fig.5 Sensitivity comparison between TVO carbon c
7、eramic sensor and other sensors 6 TVO 10Fig.6 Dimensionless sensitivity of TVO carbon ceramic sensor 3.2 TVO , JINR 10 TVO 8 , 4.2 300 K , TVO , 8 , TVO 4.2 K 15 m K (0.4%) (Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, FNAL) 5 TVO , JINR 1%, 4.2 300 K 2% , TVO , 10 TVO 24 4.2 K , 15 80 K 4.2 K , , 4.2 K ,
8、 , 7 TVO 280 300K 4.2 K 0.1 MPa 2.5 MPa , , 2.5 MPa , 3 m K , , TVO Filippov TVO 11, , TVO 4.2 425 K , 25 425 K 77.3 K 3.3 TVO , JINR TVO 4, , : 20%, , TVO , 4.2 K 1 ms3 4 TVO , , TVO 4.2 K, 15T , TVO 6% 14%, 0.6 K, , TVO , TVO , 12 20 ( ( , 13 : , C1=-0.008 1+0.452 6B-0.058 3B+0.002 6B, C2=0.331 8-
9、0.024 6B; , C1=14.054 3-4.218 9B+0.035 37B, C2=3.468 2-1.050 2B+0.085 8B , (92%) : : , C2=0.008 9, C3=0; , C2=0.002 3, C3=0.032; T , C2=0.026 3, C3=0.047 : : TVO , , A0=0.010 42, A1=-0.006 1012, A2=-0.006 783 1, A3=0.004 371 3, C1=2.0, C2=0.062 077, C3=0.064 966 14, 5 Gamma TVO TVO , , , TVO , , JIN
10、R FLNP (Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics) TVO gamma 14, TVO 1MGy : 4.2 K 77.3 K 300 K 1 300 K , 4 2.8 K 4.5 K , 15 1 K 4.6 K 2 TVO 1 TVO 77.3 K 1 MGy 14Table 1 Temperature drift comparison of TWOs exposed to 1 MGy at 77.3 K 6 TVO , 16 TVO Cernox , , TVO , ; , Cernox 17 4 0.35 K 373 K 4 :TVO (CRT)
11、 : (1) TVO , TVO , , (2) TVO , TVO , (3) (CRT) TVO , : CRT-2, B=6.57T , 1.93 K TVO : B=6T , 4.23 K , 4.23 K TVO 0.09 K 0.20 K , CRT TVO (4) TVO , , , TVO 10n/cm gamma 170 k Gy , 18 , , , 4.2 K , TVO 1.5 m K 19 TVO Cernox , 2 , 1.8 K , TVO +0.3m K, Cernox +1 m K 2 TVO Cernox 19Table 2 Comparison betw
12、een TVO carbon ceramic sensors and Cernox sensors TVO 450 , (calibration date) (thermal pad) , Lakeshore Cernox , , 750 ( 1 ) , TVO cryocon monitor , cryocon monitor 8 TVO Cernox lakeshore DAQ , Cernox TVO 2 4 7 (1) TVO , , , 30 K ; (2) , TVO : , , , ; , ; ; ; , ; TVO Cernox ; (3) , TVO , 1 , , . M.
13、 : , 2011.Gan Zhihua, Zhang Xiaobin, Wang Bo.Measurement techniques in refrigeration and cryogenicsM.Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press, 2011. 2 YP Filippov.How to find magneto-resistance of TVO temperature sensors in the range 0.1-10KJ.Cryogenics, 2010, 50 (4) :243-247. 3 VI Datskov, JG Weisend II.
14、Characteristics of Russian carbon resistance (TVO) cryogenic thermometersJ.Cryogenics, 1994, 34 (1) :425-428. 4 VI Datskov, LV Petrova, GP Tsvineva.Nuclotron cryogenic thermometryC.Proceeding of the XVII International Conference on High Energy Accelerators (HEACC98) , Dubna:1998.308-310. 5 V Vainber
15、g, G Ihas, YP Filippov.Magnetoresistance of TVO temperature sensor at T1KJ.Review of Scientific Instruments, 2009, 80 (9) :094902-094902-4. 6 Y Dedikov, YP Filippov.Characteristics of Russian cryogenic temperature sensorsC.ICEC, Mumbai:2000.627-630. 7 temperature sensorsJ.Cryogenics, 2001, 41 (3) :2
16、13-215. 8 -sensor for heavy duty installationsJ.Cryogenics, 2004, 44 (4) :255-258. 9 TemperaturmessungC.DKV-Tagung, Hannover:2013.1-6 10 Kitakyushu:1996.699-702. 11 YP Filippov, TI Smirnova.Operation of the TVO temperature sensors in the range from 4.2K up to 425KJ.Cryogenics, 2004, 44 (10) :735-739. 12
