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第15章陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句高中高考英语知识汇总(真题+解析+教程+练习+答案).doc

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1、第十五章 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句第一节 真题精析1. Ive never seen anyone run so fast - _ David go. 【浙江卷-32】A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched2.English has large vocabulary, hasnt it?Yes, _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. 【上海卷-44】A. Know

2、 B. Knowing C. To know D. Known3. Sorry, Joe, I didnt mean to【NMET2003】Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr Parker to you, and you forget it!A do Bdidnt Cdid Ddont4._it with me and Ill see what I can do. 【NMET1998】A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave5.Alice, you feed the bird today,_ ?But I fed it

3、yesterday. 【NMET1999】A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you6. She never tells a lie, _? (1984)A. does she B. doesnt she C. does not she D. isnt it7. She hardly ever speaks to you in English, _? (1986)A. does she B. doesnt she C. can she D. cant she 8. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _? (199

4、0)A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we9. Dont smoke in the meeting room,_?(1991)A.do you B.will you C.can you D.could you10. Be sure to write to us, _? (1993)A. will you B. arent you C. can you D. mustnt you11. -You havent been to Beijing,have you?-_.How I wish to go there! (1998)A.Yes,I hav

5、e B.Yes,I havent C.No,I have D.No,I havent12. Susans found her pass, _? (1986, 上海)A. isnt she B. is she C. hasnt she D. was she13. I dont think youve heard of him before, _? (1990,上海)A. have you B. havent you C. do I D. dont you 14. He seldom has lunch at school,_? (1991,上海)A.hasnt he B.has he C.doe

6、snt he D.does he15. He is expected to make a speech this afternoon, _?(1992,上海)A. is he not B. isnt he C. is not he D. isnt it 16. His wife had the front door painted green yesterday, _she? (1994, 上海)A. did B. had C. didnt D. hadnt17. I dont suppose anyone will volunteer,_?( 2001 上海)A.do I B.dont I

7、C.will they D.wont they18. If I knew the answer, I wouldnt be working, _? (1996,上海)A. didnt I B. did I C. would I D. wouldnt I19. The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, _?(2000 上海)A.did they B.didnt they C.did it D.didnt it20._some of this juice-perhaps Genll like it. (2000,春季

8、)A.Trying B.Try C.To try D.Have tried21. _at the door before entering, please.(2001,春季京皖蒙卷 )A.Knocked B.To knock C.Knocking D.Knock22. _! There is a train coming.(1990)A.Look out B.Look around C.Look forward D.Look at23._we have today!(1983)A.A fine weather B.What a fine weatherC.How a fine weather

9、D.What fine weather24.Oh,John._you gave us!(1990)A.How a pleasant surprise B.How pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surprise D.What pleasant surprise25._food youve cooked!(1991)A.How a nice B.What a nice C.How nice D.What nice26._terrible weather weve been having these days! (1992)A.How a B.What a C

10、.How D.What27._from Beijing to London!(1993)A.How long way it is B.What a long way is itC.How long way is it D.What a long way it is28.-Please dont make a noise.-_.(MET1992)A.I dont B.I wont C.No,I wont D.Yes,I will【答案与解析】1. A 该题根据交际情景考查祈使句的用法。句中的横线是指另起一句话,对前面的话加以解释、强调,故选择祈使句。句意:我从没看到有人跑这么快,看看大卫跑的。2

11、. A 考查祈使句的用法。这个句子的构成应该为“祈使句 + and/ then/ or + 简单的陈述句”,在四个答案中只有 A 可以用来构成祈使句。句意:“ 英语词汇很多是吗?”“ 是的。如果你懂得更多的词汇和短语,你会发现阅读和交流更简单。”3D 该题考查在交际用语中祈使句的否定。句意:“对不起,Joe。我不是故意要”“不要叫我Joe。我是 Parker 先生,今后不要忘了。 ”前一句是干扰,这里是对别人的一种告诫,提醒注意,要用否定疑问句的一般现在时态。4D 该题考查祈使语气的句型结构。 “祈使句+ and +陈述句”是一个固定的句型。在这个句型中, 前边的祈使句+ and 表示一个肯定

12、的条件,相当于 if 引导的条件状语从句。句意:把它留给我,我知道该怎么做。5B 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。句中:you feed the bird 相当于 feed the bird 前加上 you 表示强调。will you,用来征求意见。句意:“爱丽丝,你今天喂鸟好吗?”“我昨天喂了。 ”6A 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。前面有自身否定副词 never 所以后面用肯定,此句时态是一般现在时,故选 A。7A 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。前面有自身否定副词 hardly 所以后面用肯定,此句时态是一般现在时,故选 A。8.D 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。前面是 lets 构成的祈使句,故选 D。9

13、B 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。前面是祈使句,反意疑问句用 will you。10D 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。前面是祈使句,反意疑问句用 will you。11D 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。对前否定后肯定的反意疑问的回答。句意:你没去过北京,是吗?是的,我多么希望去那。12C 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。前肯定,后否定。13A 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。前面的 I dont think 决定后面用肯定。助动词与主语要根据宾语从句决定。14D 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。前面有自身否定副词 seldom 所以后面用肯定,此句时态是现在完成时,故选 D。15.B 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。前肯定,后否

14、定。16.C 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。前肯定,后否定,此处 had 是行为动词。17C 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。前面的 I dont suppose 决定后面用肯定。助动词与主语要根据宾语从句决定。18.C 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。前否定后肯定。19D 该题考查反意疑问句的用法。前肯定,后否定。20.B 该题考查祈使句的用法。祈使句表示命令或请求。21D 该题考查祈使句的用法。祈使句表示命令或请求。22.A 该题考查祈使句的用法。祈使句表示劝告。23D 该题考查感叹句的用法。 weather 为不可数名词,句型是:what+ 形容词+名词+主谓结构。24.C 该题考查感叹句的用法。Sur

15、prise 作“惊喜”解时为可数名词,句型是:what+ a(n)+形容词+名词+主谓结构。25.D 该题考查感叹句的用法。food 为不可数名词,句型是:what+ 形容词+名词+主谓结构。26.D 该题考查感叹句的用法。weather 为不可数名词,句型是:what+ 形容词+ 名词+主谓结构。27.D 该题考查感叹句的用法。way 为可数名词,句型是:what+ a(n)+形容词+名词+主谓结构。28.C 该题考查对祈使句的回答。否定句用 No, I wont.肯定句用, I will.第二节 考纲归纳一、陈述句用来叙述一个事实或观点的句子叫陈述句(declarative sentenc

16、e)。陈述句有肯定和否定两种形式,一般用降调,句末用句号。陈述句的语序一般是“主语+谓语部分”,或“主语+系动词+表语”。(一)否定结构1、用 not 和助动词或情态动词否定,not 一般放在助动词或情态动词之后。The villagers didnt allow them to do this. 村民们没有允许他们这样做。2、用否定副词或代词否定not 以外的否定词 no、none 、nobody 、nothing 、never、seldom 、hardly、little 、neither 、nor 等也构成陈述句的否定式。None of you watched carefully enou

17、gh. 你们当中谁都观察得不够仔细。We have never had women working in this part of our company before. 我们以前从来没有让女人在我们的公司这个部门工作过。3、部分否定不定代词或副词如 all、both、every, everybody, every day everything, everyone, many, entirely, altogether, absolutely, wholly, completely, everywhere, always, often 与 not 连用时,表示部分否定,意为“并非都是,不是每个

18、都是”等。But Im determined to enjoy myself as much as possible even though I cant see everything. 但是我决定要尽可能玩个痛快,即使我看不到所有的地方。How a telephone works is a question which not everyone can answer. 电话是怎样工作的这个问题并不是每一个都能回答上来的。Every couple is not a pair.完美的婚姻少。4、双重否定双重否定是指同一句子里出现两个否定词,即否定之否定。双重否定表示的意义是肯定的,通常比肯定句语

19、气更重。这种结构有:nonot, no(not)without, nobut, cant but+动词(不得不), cant help doing, none but 等。He doesnt lend his book to nobody.他的书没有哪本不借。He cant make anything out of nothing.巧妇难为无米之炊。5、几乎否定几乎否定又称半否定,表示整个句子的意思接近否定。常用的词有 little, few, seldom, barely, hardly, rarely, scarcely等。I have too little time to finish

20、this work. 我的时间太少了,不能完成这项工作。She is old and rarely goes out.她年纪大了,很少外出。6、否定转移(1)宾语从句的否定转移某些句子结构中,本应放在 that 从句中的否定词 not 往往被移至主句的谓语动词前,这种现象叫转移否定,这类动词 believe, expect, suppose, think, imagine, fancy, reckon 等候的宾语从句否定时否定主句谓语动词。主句主语是第一人称的一般现在时态。We dont think there is anything of interest in your pictures.

21、 我们认为你的画没有什么有趣的地方。I dont believe its necessary to buy the bigger one. 我认为没有必要买容量大一点的。(2)否定主语转移否定谓语No sound was heard.没听到声音。Neither of them had their tickets. 他们都没有票。(3)否定谓语转为否定状语He doesnt study in the classroom.他不在教室里学习。He was not playing all the time.他没有一直玩。(4)否定介词转移否定谓语On no condition should the c

22、ircuit be over loaded.电路在任何情况下都不得超负荷。At no time will he give in.他任何时候都不会低头。二、疑问句疑问句(interrogative sentence)用来提出问题,句末须用问号。疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句和选择疑问句。(一)一般疑问句一般疑问句(general question)用来询问一件事情或一个情况是否属实,需要用肯定词 yes 或否定词 no 来回答。1、基本结构“be、 have、助动词或情态动词 +主语+谓语”-Are you good at sailing? 你赛艇很行吧?-Yes,in fact,

23、 Im on our city team. 是的,事实上,我是市赛艇队的。Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours? 10 年前的一个下午,我到你家借过一条项链,你还记得吗?2、否定疑问句在一般疑问句的否定结构中,not 放在主语之后,也常用缩略式,即将 -nt 和句首的 be、have 、助动词或情态动词连在一起。一般疑问句的否定结构往往用来表示提问人的惊讶、怀疑、邀请、赞叹等,回答时,yes 后接肯定结构,no 后接否定结构。-

24、Hasnt he passed the final examination?大考他没有及格吗?-Yes, he has. 不,他及格了。- Didnt he come to see you yesterday?他昨天没有去看你吗?-No, he didnt. 是的,他没来。3、可以不用 yes 和 no 回答的一般疑问句一般疑问句通常情况下用 yes、no 来回答,但在很多情况下需根据具体情况用其它答语,如 certainly、of course、all right、not at all、perhaps 、never,no way 等。(1)回答介意与否-Would you mind if I

25、 open the window?我开开窗户你介意吗?-Not at tall. (Certainly not!, Of course not)不介意。- Im sorry but I would. Its could outside.对不起我介意,外面太冷了。(2)拒绝或不能给予满意回答而表示道歉-Could you come to the party this evening?你晚上能来参加完会吗?-Id love to, but you see Im too busy.我愿意去,但我太忙了。- Thats very kind of you, but Im afraid I cant.你真

26、好,到我恐怕去不了。-Can you return the book in two days?你两天能还书吗?-Sorry, but I can return it in four days.对不起,但我四天后能还。-Is he a proper person for the job?他是干这项工作的合适人选吗?- I dont think so.我不这样想。(3)接受邀请或要求-will you send her a note for me ?你代我把这个纸条给她好吗?- Id be glad to.乐意效劳。-May I look at the picture?我看看照片可以吗?-Cert

27、ainly. Here you are.当然。给你。(4)回答带有责备意味的句子-Do you remember what I told you before?我以前告诉你的话你还记得吗?- Im sorry, sir.对不起先生。I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.我认为你该打电话给珍妮并向他道歉。No way. It was her fault.决不,那不是我的错。(5)对提问作出主观判断-Are the shoes too big?这双鞋太大吧?-I think they are all right.我看正合适。-Is

28、anything the matter? 出了什么事吗?-Of course. 当然了。-Will he lend me some money? 他会把钱借给我吗?- Certainly not!当然不会!(6)对提出问题的不能确定-Whos taken my pen?谁把握的钢笔拿走了?-Let me see. Ah, its Tom.我想想。奥,是汤姆。(二)特殊疑问句特殊疑问句(special question)是用来对句子某一部分提问的疑问句,以疑问词开头。疑问词分为两种:疑问代词和疑问副词。1、疑问代词构成的特殊疑问句疑问代词 who 谁(主格) ,whom 谁(宾格) ,whose

29、 谁的,what 什么,which 哪个,用来对主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等提问。What will the money be used for? 资金用在什么上面呢?Which speech are you going to listen to this afternoon? 今天下午你打算听哪个报告?2、 疑问副词疑问副词 when 什么时候, where 什么地方,why 为什么,how 怎样,用来对状语、表语、补语、定语等提问。-Where are you travelling to, Gary? 加里,你打算去哪儿旅行?-To London. 去伦敦。3、which 和 what

30、用法区别which、what 均可与名词连用,来就人或物提出疑问。当选择余地不大时,一般用 which;当选择余地比较大而到底有多少种可能性还不清楚时常用 what。What harm does it do after all? 这到底有什么样的危害?Which parent is more important in the first year of life? 在出生后的第一年,父亲与母亲哪一位更重要?询问天气,用“whatlike?”;问候别人的健康,用 how。4、how 与 whatlike 用法区别对人和事物的性质(或持久的特性)提问用“what.like?”;询问变化的事物,如暂

31、时的情况、情绪等用 how。-What is your mother like? 你母亲是怎样一个人?-She is a very nice person. 她这个人非常好。 How does the boss look this morning?老板早上脸色如何?Whats the weather going to be like at the weekend? 周末天气怎么样?-How is he? 他身体怎么样?-He is very well.他很好。5、how often 与 how soon 的区别how often 询问做某事的频率;how soon 询问多长时间以后做某事。Ho

32、w often do you go there? 你去那的次数如何?How soon can you be ready? 你多久才能准备好?2、特殊疑问句的语序陈述句语序疑问词作主语,或者作定语修饰主语,语序与陈述句的语序相同,指对主语进行提问。What has made this lake so salty? 是什么东西使得湖水这样咸呢?Who gave you that book?谁给你的那本书?疑问句语序另一种是“疑问词+ 一般疑问句”的语序,其中疑问词作宾语、表语、定语或状语。What did you give her to eat? 你给她吃什么东西?-Why do you want

33、 the book so badly? 为什么你这么想要这本书呢?-To study.为了学习。3、使用特殊疑问句应注意的几点(1)Why 开头的否定疑问句常表建议或请求Since you have to stay at home, why dont you do some reading? 既然你得待在家里,为什么不读点书呢?Why dont you try this one on?你何不试试这一套呢?(2)用特殊疑问句表惊奇、愤怒等感情,可用它的强调形式,在疑问词后加 ever、on earth、in the world 等。How ever shall we get there? 我们到

34、底如何到那里去?Why on earth was he so nervous? 他到底为什么如此紧张?(3)特殊疑问句有一些缩略结构How/What about表建议、请求、邀请、异议或征求对方意见, Why not do ?用于提出建议;why do?表示志文、指责等。What about when we leave? 我们离开时该做些什么呢?Why not do something? 为什么不干点事呢?Why give him so much money?你怎么给他那么多钱?(4)复合特殊疑问句用来询问对方或第三者的想法或意见,由一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两种结构复合而成。在这种复合结构中,特

35、殊疑问句变成了一般疑问句结构中的宾语。Why do you think we cant change your note? 为什么你认为我们找不开你的票子呢?Which food do you think is healthy? 你认为哪种食物是健康食物?(三)反意疑问句反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句(tag question),附在陈述句后,对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,由“be、 have、助动词或情态动词 +主语(与陈述句的主语相同) ”构成,答语用 yes 或 no。1、一般情况如果陈述句是肯定结构,其后的附加疑问句用否定结构,反之,陈述句是否定结构,其后的附加疑问句即是肯定结构。She

36、 looks quiet enough, doesnt she? 她看上去足够平静,不是吗?-You havent been to Beijing, have you?你去过北京吗?- No,I havent. How I wish to go there! 没,还没有。我多么想去啊!Susans found her pass, hasnt she? 苏珊找到她的护照了,是吗?注意:前否定后肯定反意疑问句的答语在回答否定主句的反意疑问句时,否定回答要用“No否定短句”;肯定回答要用 “Yes肯定短句”,二者不可混用。这种省略回答的 yes 要译成“ 不”,no 要译成“是”。-She hasn

37、t got up, has she? 她还没有起床,是吗?-Yes, she has.不,她已经起来了。No, she hasnt. 是的,她还没起来。反意疑问句用法歌诀 反意疑问句三要点,前后谓语正相反。短句 not 如出现,必须缩写是习惯。最后一点须注意,短句代词作主语。反意疑问句回答方法歌诀 回答反意疑问句,答案含义是依据,肯定事实用 yes,否定事实 no 替。2、 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词时当陈述部分的主语是指示代词 this, that, these, those 时,附加疑问句 中的主语不再用指示代词,而要用 it 或 they代替。That isnt your desk, i

38、s it?那不是你的桌子,是吗?These are interesting stories, arent they?这些故事很有趣,是吗?3、当陈述部分的主语是“Im.”结构时,疑问部分一般用 arent I。Im late for class, arent I?我迟到了,是吗?Im doing well, arent I?我干得很好,不是吗?4、当陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, somebody, nobody, none 等合成代词时,附加疑问部分的主语多用they,但也可用 he。Everyone came here, didnt they?都来了,是吗?No

39、body phoned while I was out, did they?我不在时,没人给我打电话,是吗?5、当陈述部分的主语是 everything, anything, nothing 等不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用 it。Everything is ready, isnt it?都准备好了,是吗?Nothing was said, was it ? 什么也没说,对吗?Nothing can stop us ,can it? 没有什么能阻止我们,是吗?6、当陈述部分以不定代词 one 作主语,疑问部分的主语在正式的场合用 one,在非正式场合用 you。One cant be too c

40、areful, can one(you)?怎么细心都不为过,你说呢?One should learn from others, shouldnt one(you)?人要想别人学习,是吗?7、当陈述部分是“there be+主语+其它”结构时,疑问部分要用“be(not)+there” 结构。There is a book on the desk, isnt there?桌子上有本书,是吗?There used to be a lot of coal mines in the south, didnt there?过去在南部有大量煤矿,不是吗?8、当陈述部分的主语是“I dont think (

41、suppose, believe)+that 从句”结构时,疑问部分的主语和谓语须和从句中的主语和谓语在人称和数上相一致,并且还要用肯定形式。I dont suppose anyone will volunteer, will they?我认为没人会自愿去做,是吗?I dont think youve heard of him before, have you?我想你从前没听说过他,是吗 ?注意:主句的主语不是第一人称时 I 是不存在这种情况。You dont think he can finish the work, do you?9、当陈述部分的谓语动词是 have 时,有两种情况:hav

42、e 作“有”解时,可有两种形式。He has a new book, hasnt/doesnt he?他又一本新书,是吗?He has a lot of money, hasnt /doesnt he? 他有很多钱,是吗?have 表示其它意思时,只用 do 的相应形式。He seldom has lunch at school, does he ? 他在学校很少吃午饭是吗?His wife had the front door painted green yesterday, didnt she? 他妻子昨天请人把房子刷成了绿色的,是吧?10、当陈述部分有情态动词 ought to 时,疑问

43、部分的谓语动词用 ought(oughtnt)代替。Such things ought not to be allowed, ought they?这种事是不允许的,是不是?He ought to be punished, oughtnt he?他应当受到惩罚,是吗?但在非正式文体中,用 ought we not 形式。We ought to go, ought we not?或 We ought to go, should we not/shouldnt we?11、当陈述部分有情态动词 used to 时,疑问部分的谓语动词有两种形式。He used to live in Beijing,

44、 use(d)nt he/didnt he?他在北京住过,是吗?There used to be a cinema here before the war, use(d)nt there/didnt there?战前这里曾有座电影院,是吗?12、当陈述部分有情态动词 must 时,常用的有三种情况:must 表示“必须”、 “禁止”等时,疑问部分用 must(mustnt)。I must answer the letter, mustnt I?我必须回信,是吗?You mustnt on grass, must you?你不能呆在草地上,知道吗?must 表示“有必要”时,附加疑问部分则用 n

45、eednt。You must go home right now, neednt you?当 must 用来对现在的情况进行“推测”时,疑问部分的谓语要根据 must 之后的动词不定式采用相应的形式。You must be tired, arent you?你一定是累了,是吗?She must be bad at physics, isnt she? 她物理一定不好,不是吗?You must know it, do you? 你肯定知道,是吗?当 must 用来对过去的情况进行“推测”(must+have+过去分词) 时,若强调对过去情况的推测(一般有过去时间状语) ,疑问部分的谓语动词用“d

46、idnt+主语”;若强调动作的完成(一般没有过去时间状语) ,疑问部分的谓语动词用“havent(hasnt)+主语”。He must have been working here for 20 years, hasnt he? 他一定在这工作了 20 年,是吗?You must have seen him yesterday, didnt you? 昨天你一定看见他了,不是吗?13、当陈述部分有 have to 或 has to, had to 时,疑问部分一般用 do 的相应形式。We have to get up at four tomorrow, dont we?我们明天得四点起床,是

47、吗?They had to leave early, didnt they?他们早走是不得已,是不是?14、当陈述部分有 had better 时,疑问部分用 hadnt 或 shouldnt。Youd better go with me, hadnt you/shouldnt you?你最好和我一起走,好吗?Hed better leave, hadnt he?他最好离开,是吗?15、当陈述部分有 seldom, hardly, few, little, no, never, nothing, nobody, nowhere 等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。She never tells a lie, does she? 她从不撒谎是吧?She hardly ever speaks to you in English, does she? 她几乎没和你用英语说话,是吗?Few people know her, do they? 几乎没有人认识她,是吗?She seldom goes to work late, does she? 她很少上班迟到,是吗?16、当陈述部分的谓语是带有否定词缀(前缀或后缀)的动词时,疑问部分仍用否定

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