1、高考英语语法超级归纳、超级归纳、超级归纳！一、冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。I. 不定冠词的用法1指一类人或事，相当于 a kind ofA plane is a machine that can fly.2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。3 表示“每一”相当于every，oneWe study eight hours a day.4 表示“相同”相当于 the same We are nearly of an age.5 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 Hello, co
2、uld I speak to Mr. Smith?Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here.A. 不填 B. aC. theD. oneThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋）6 用于固定词组中 a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7 用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后This room is rather a big one.8 用于 so(as,
3、 too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.9 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 success(抽象名词)a success(具体化)成功的人或事a failure 失败的人或事 a shame 带来耻辱的人或事a pity 可惜或遗憾的事 a must 必需必备的事a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识II. 定冠词的用法1 表示某一类人或物 In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportat
4、ion.A. a; theB. /; aC. the; aD. the; the2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4 用于演奏乐器 play the violin, play the guitar5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded6 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法 5）Could you tell me the way to
5、_ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village.A. the; theB. the; aC. /; theD. the; /7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10 在
6、逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990s(二十世纪九十年代)11 用于表示度量单位的名词前 I hired the car by the hour.12 用于方位名词，身体部位名词He patted me on the shoulder.III. 不用冠词（又名零冠词）的用法1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前有 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every 等限制I want this book, not that one. /Whose
7、 purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring表示职位，身份，头衔的 Lincoln was made President of America.4 名词前5表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与 by 连用表示交通方式的名词前We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; theB.不填；theC. the;
8、 不填 D. 不填；不填7以 and 连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的复数名词前 Horses are useful animals.二、名词和主谓一致I. 名词的种类专有名词 普通名词国名地名人名，团体机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词个体名词 集体名词 抽象名词 物质名词特别注意名词类别的相互转换个体名词与抽象名词的相互转换例句 意义 名词性质She held someflowersin her hand.The trees are now inflower花儿 个体名词开花 抽象名词Youth
9、is beautiful.He is ayouthof twenty青春 抽象名词年轻人 个体名词They have achieved remarkablesuccessin their work.How about the Christmas evening party?I should say it was a success.成功 抽象名词成功的事 个体名词物质名词与个体名词的相互转换例句 意义 名词性质Ironis a kind of metal. 铁 物质名词Please lend me youriron.熨斗 个体名词He broke a piece ofglass.He brok
10、e aglass.玻璃 物质名词玻璃杯 个体名词I bought a chicken this morningPlease help yourself to somechicken小鸡 个体名词鸡肉 物质名词抽象名词与个体名词的转换具有动作意义的抽象名词加用与某些动词（如：have 等）连用，表示某一次短暂的动作Id like_information about the management of your hotel,please.Well, you could have_word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,aB.an,someC
11、.some,someD.an,aThey sent usword of the latest happenings. 消息（抽象名词）A.aB.anC./ D.theCould we haveword before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）A.aB.anC./D.the类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a looktake a walk/a bathmake an advance(进步)/make an early start(早点出发)/make a decis
12、ion/make a change/give a cry of pain(发出痛苦的叫声) /give a try表示知识和时间的抽象名词转换为普通名词时可以用来表示其中的一部分Many people agree that_knowledge of English is a must in_international trade today.A.a,/B.the, anC.the, theD. /, thea knowledge of truth(知道实际情况)give a fuller knowledge of China(提供关于中国更为翔实的知识)have a knowledge of
13、shorthand(有速记的知识)If there were no examination, we should have_at school.A.the happiest timeB.a more happier timeC.much happiest timeD.a much happier timeis money.A.The timeB.A timeC.TimeD.Times抽象名词转换为普通名词可用来表示“一次、一阵、一种”具体的行为、事件、现象或结果。这时名词前往往有形容词修饰Oh, John. _you gave me!A.How a pleasant surpriseB.How
14、 pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surpriseD. What pleasant surpriseShe looked upwhen I shouted.A.in a surpriseB.in the surpriseC.in surpriseD.in some surprise其它例子：The gift came as a complete surprise to me. We have had some unpleasant surpriseIt is_work of art that everyone wants to have a look at
15、 it.A.so unusualB. such unusualC.such an unusualD.so an unusualII. 名词的数规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s 或-es（参看有关语法书）。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表规则 例词1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species3 只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clo
16、thes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents4 一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, 作复数（成员） population, crew, team, public, enemy, party6 复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drin
17、ks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)7 表示“某国人”加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形 Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man 或-woman 结尾的改为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8 合成名词 将主体名词变为复数 sons-in-law, lookers-on,
18、passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servantsIII. 主谓一致规则 情况 举例语法以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名His father is working on the farm.一致原则词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。To study English well is not easy.Reading in the sun is bad fo
19、r your eyes.What he said is very important for us all.由 what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。what I bought were three English books.What I say and do is (are) helpful for you.由连接词 and 或 bothand 连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数主语前
20、如果分别有no, each, every 或 more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或 no+单数名词和由 some, any no, every 构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。.Lucy and Lily are twinsThe writer and artist has come.Every student and every teach is in the classroom.Many a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy an
21、d no girl likes it.Each of us has a new book.Is everyone here today?Somebody is speaking in class.Everything around us is matter若 none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。None of the sugar was left.None of us has (have) been to America.在定语从句里，关系代词 that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中
22、先行词的数一致。Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致 It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形
23、式；如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式The police are looking for the lost child.The cattle are eating grass in the field.His family has moved to the south .(他的一家)His family are watching TV.（他的家人）Class four is on the third floor.（四班）Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生）由 a lot of /lots of/ plenty of
24、/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，还有 a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但 the number of +复数名词
25、的数就得依 number而定（用单数）。A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致There comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result.Such are the facts.Between the two hills stands a monument.逻辑意义一致原
26、则What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。Which is your bag?Which are your bags?Are any of you good at English?Has any of you got a pen?All can be done has been done.All is going well.All have been taken out.All have gone to Beijing.表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Twenty pounds is too dear.如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式Forty kilos of water are used every day.若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等 The United States
