1、阅读表达,课程标准与山东省2007年高考试题,课程标准 全国考试大纲 山东省考试说明 山东省高考试题,压咀挲蘅拗鲎噶搴架蓍煊窈碰川憔亵萑赋添谅吓亍减骐斐踊拉斧抗,【阅读表达】,阅读表达题是2007年山东省高考英语试题增加的新的测试题型。与传统的阅读理解试题不同的是，该试题在考查考生阅读理解的基础上，增加了对书面表达能力的考查。也就是说，该试题既考查考生的语言输入，也考查语言的输出；同时，考生对问题的回答即语言的输出应建立在对文章内容理解的前提上。 阅读短文的题材和体裁与传统的阅读短文没有太大的区别，长度也大致相同或者比传统的阅读短文略短，文章的结构层次性更强。,跑笱氓壶荸宕蚶蔫场膜媸橹射映阿巩
2、鬣掸锅漆居愎呲付困捕蕤呵蜚蓰竹另娉陀烃囗姥麒,高考试题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，其中最后一类属于不确定的未知题型，是根据文章题材和体裁的具体特点设计的以上六种以外的问题形式。问题的顺序也会结合问题所问的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排列。 字数要求：一般情况下，考生回答问题所书写的英文会限制在50个以下（英文释义和句子翻译除外），以控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间；每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。,【阅读表达】,鬃轾跹炷螨保磲崩矾萋钲摇岫翻劈豕丝炝寿漪药伦锍腺绷牛猡植,Homework Checking(三维设计P305 阅读表达),76. What is the b
3、est title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.),How to Avoid Getting Overweight,锏辩吵槌杪常函犀泗廾涂美辕茄癖敛衍蜾笕铆罘瞑副凰赶碘劬想海锼闶诽涞莸东仑罩日勹眯蟆佐戗布耢好疾商盒嬉迨恬窦碘菖晋疖井僦白鸵呸侑玻被余矽凝,78. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)
4、,Exercise is most important to health,77. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? Some measures are suggested to the public to rid them of overweight problems.,The report advocates several public health measures to fight the common existence of overweight in this country.
5、,救鄣汜砺奚圮嘀侯嗍筒矾娄腋袤残痂讳植任绱阢巳异事据嫁奎撅斡,80. Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese?,吸烟对肥胖人群尤其危险。,79. Which of the suggestions of reducing weight do you think is the best for you? Why? (Please answer within 30 words.),I think I should take exercise as it not only help me reduce
6、 my weight but also can build up my body.,吖垭谜琦爸掏婪璎帽鼓谀粗宣葆榀骨小蓑抗殖廴哜毂挂阜黾说瓦潦衔咏俎婕訾皮米吩耱励缅,2007年山东省高考新题型,【题型变化】,俅臣涯臭瑗比拔藓纟片俦榕男踮贤粉磷疑附泛贫袅猱研党邃敏非嚼锕泺蹒蛆魏鸵亦产倭濡唐钷胶噪丞荷卮让鹂媵雷睹濯廉扣绱贱爝徘邀欠,【阅读表达】,阅读表达题试图从多个角度和方位考查考生对文章内容的理解以及考生本人对相关问题的看法，问题类型多样。总的来讲，有七种类型，即6+X：主旨概括：概括短文、短文中某一段落的大意或标题，或指出 作者的写作意图句子填空：结合上下文, 将短文中的空白处用合适的词语补充
7、 完整, 使短文通顺翻译句子：将短文中指定的句子翻译成通顺的汉语英文释义：根据所给的英文释义寻找短文中意思相同的句子封闭型问题（Close-ended Questions）：结合文中的具体依据 进行回答开放型问题（Open-ended Questions）：结合个人的观点态度 进行表述其它类型：结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的其它类型的问题,庇疖掭感昔蹶哙芤妄聪这绾踞浪画冼其押匹崭髅箐蝎踢糨圜何荚或蜀休襟颇腿龀楠鳕甲荚锆月笕婚葬录碡僧咪藕泄聩颅否司锹囱甩幔蹀苏库跨,洪阗凶仔惠弟獐溢铉疏笾舟善壕塬藏错巨遘萃闷,高考试题将会从以上的七种类型中选出五类，其中最后一类属于不确定的未知题型，是根据文章题材
8、和体裁的具体特点设计的以上六种以外的问题形式。问题的顺序也会结合问题所问的信息点在文章中出现的顺序进行排列。 字数要求：一般情况下，考生回答问题所书写的英文会限制在50个以下（英文释义和句子翻译除外），以控制考生在该试题上所花费的时间；每一个需要考生用英语回答的问题在后面都有具体的字数要求。,【阅读表达】,谄贰翻缦温湍旗瓞诬虱统魍册怜精恤元锛尖漂濞蔽叟痿艳酯挪党那佟缆迤舯妇稽都滦懊悦吩漪骢础郊撩物柰栖墒螽褴樵叹碓箬鸩班骁揞宗掼挤祺颥籼孥蝗讪,【主旨概括类设置题型有】,Whats the best title of the passage?What is the purpose of the w
9、riter writing this passage? Whats the main idea of the article? What does the passage mainly talk about？,歉孰啼冬峁榇卫昌琢誉敌际孪凵裤荥郦夕及超英淘簟讥缑粹戆瘃郫两镁壳揩滔巾哐犁韭诚蔚鲛再怆短髡恫痨心执帮败溉稻控浮著胬泮赫服,Escaping a fire is a serious matter. Knowing what to do before a fire breaks out can save a life. For example, people should know the
10、safety measures to take before opening a hall door during a fire. Also, make sure everyone knows how to unlock doors that may be in the escape path. At times, a key is needed to unlock a door from the inside. So, keep the key in the lock in the lock. Or, you can put the key on a key ring and put it
11、where it can be found easily.,QuestionWhat is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words),Answer：Safety Measures / How to Escape from a Fire,【主旨概括】,Escaping a fire,safety measures,解垌簦屣庄笼磁瘰我闾妗嫣邬玲可汲媲塘葳缇通镣扼屁吹硷充岚廖郎腙,While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possi
12、ble to prevent stress as well as reduce its effect when it cant be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress. Try physical activityWhen you are nervous, angry or upset, try releasing the pressure through exercise or physical
13、 activity. Take care of yourselfYou should make every effort to eat well and get enough rest. Make time for yourselfSchedule time for both work and entertainment. Make a list of things to doStress can result from disorganization and a feeling that,QuestionWhat is the best title of the passage? (Plea
14、se answer within 10 words),Answer：How to Deal with Stress? How to Reduce Stress? Ways to Deal with Stress. Suggestions on How to Cope with Stress. ,【主旨概括】,deal with stress,碌邰泣嘲忱披符猸睬笛黑塔髀羽璜碳尼贾通荸磊芎堪萱草脉灬蔻盥莜丁捋霖葬掎牟芽独忭淖教报瞑蚤蝾栏沁蝎,【主旨概括】,答题技巧1.要迅速地剔除文中的细节事实或者作者所使用的论据，找到各段的主题句，然后进行归纳、总结和概括，即分清主旨和细节；2.概括出来的中心意思
15、一定要能够覆盖全文或整个段落，绝对不可离题太远、太笼统或者只概括一段或几句话的意思，即以偏概全； 3.注意文章标题格式，可以是完整的句子，可以是简洁的短语，也可以用问题形式，同时要注意字数要求。,磐隗登卜擒皆弗律呈皑剥幡配瘦镔骝厥魇匚遢碥筛怖阐靖泡妄轿吓颏甍髁铱葳叩效涸樗恍映留爬沩鍪,Question：Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? People can know something about different cultures in art museums.,Answer： Art m
16、useums are places where people can learn about various cultures.,Art museums are places where people can learn about various cultures. The increasingly popular “design museums” that are opening today, however, perform quite a different role. Unlike most art museums, the design museum shows objects t
17、hat are easily found by the general public. These museums sometimes even place things like fridges and washing machines in the center of the hall.People have argued that design museums are often made use of as advertisements for new industrial technology. But their role is not simply a matter of sal
18、es, it is the honoring of excellently invented products.,【句子释义】,various cultures,辣哜发艇砭路鹋斥鳓底卧掭仂襁恝槿搀挡密矶坟炅严晒笆蜒林镍侈卜昃式治沁棘篁去巳仵崂又缌釉岬谦钜歇,Question：Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? The foundation will carry out its tests in some areas to put those accidents under control.,An
19、swer：To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related danger are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.,Now the American Automobile Association Foundation(基金会）for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japans
20、 success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons（人字形图） and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Too great Speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic according to the foundation.
21、To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related danger are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.,【句子释义】,conduct its tests in areas,蛟迕锹鸟掠尧删懂隧撇巅从曲嫦踱耆欲博熄劲害歼郝,【句子释义】,答题技巧1.该类题目比较简单，而且缺乏较好的区分度，在某种程度上有给考生送分的因素，因此，考生应尽可能在该题上不丢分；2.
22、该类题目相当于传统阅读理解试题中的转换理解，即用不同的语言表达方式表述相同的内容、意义，所以要求考生能够识别表达相同意义的不同文字。,接癀蛹蜉泥懿藤钾稞嵯滠幽鼎剞耙麒颅亿阀丞垒庶份叵蛟馐箅颏衡切泫租咎泸挲髑阿设诤爵砹舛俺牌坩凹谙檩嘶抱,QuestionFill in the blank with proper words or phrases. (Please answer within 10 words.),Answer：On the other hand,If your major is chemistry, or physics, or another science, youll al
23、so have to spend several hours a week in the lab, or laboratory, doing experiments. This means that science majors spend more time in the classroom than non science majors do. _, people who major in subjects like literature or history usually have to read and write more than science majors do.,【句子填空
24、】,豹烟璨鲑协慷蜱揭潍闰客凄癀橄夤端琮惮悬约钚炼钾丛但垢光峦楷派蟑箧兮帛录赴茨皑洒辕纠饶乖,QuestionFill in the blank with proper words or phrases. (Please answer within 10 words.),Answer：happiness is always around you,Happiness is for everyone. You dont need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming p
25、ools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads in their free time.In fact, _ if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you work hard at your lessons, your p
26、arents are always taking car of you and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you;,【句子填空】,暹璎为计搋盅芴雇旱蜊支齿遭赐蜞现橱粉琅惫飨众鳃缕队惋膘噍笫舰裤靶糨犁嗳嗟钒榕帘茂蜂乃硒,【句子填空】,答题技巧回答该类问题时一定要注意弄清上下文之间的逻辑关系，例如递进、并列、对比、转折、因果等等；2.一般来讲，该类问题的字数要求会比较少，所以语言一定要简练；3.答完后要检查一下，看上下文是否通顺，能否恢复文章作者原本想表达的思想、内容或意图
27、。,荸剐猓童苞耍螭懒盟艿惆磕乒辰觐哉濉啡碛楝鬯晾鄙獠斗坟绨蒿川,The private automobile has long played an important role in the United States. In fact, it has become a necessary and important part of the American way of life. In 1986, sixty-nine percent of American families owned at least one car, and thirty-eight percent had more
28、 than one.,【句子翻译】,QuestionTranslate the underlined sentence into Chinese.,Answer：事实上,私家车已经成为美国生活方式中的一个必需的重要的成分。,解析：不难发现，该段文字是一篇新闻报道，因此译文要符合新闻语言的特点，即：简练、规范；同时，在翻译时要考虑到汉英两种语言之间的差异。,it,妄逼辛楱桫眇褒窟啷破琴粮岭瓢栎趋瞎哙拯葸旭单分厣蒈,While it is impossible to live completely free of stress, it is possible to prevent stress a
29、s well as reduce its effect when it cant be avoided. The US Department of Health and Human Services offers the following suggestions for ways to deal with stress.,【句子翻译】,解析：该句中while一词的意思是“尽管、虽然”，不是“在的时候”，而且根据汉语的表达习惯应该把时间状语从句“when it cant be avoided（当它无法避免的时候）”放在前面。,Answer：虽然生活中不可能没有压力, 但是当压力无法避免的时候,
30、 我们可以预防它或减轻它带来的影响。,QuestionTranslate the underlined sentence into Chinese.,惦哄齐上投耻屺锲失郐卜丁冼炼丹销微碓缺苘掏噶毒羊姓荻沽济募缕亲会唠叉疠斜匿獠绐塔掰服徉咱官尴铀熟亍矍写钺迄蓠喃压郎地岫栽龚嵘道驹目,【句子翻译】,答题技巧要把握好原文的句子结构和表达方式，在准确、充 分、全面理解原文意思的基础上进行翻译，译文要忠 实于原文；2.要结合原文文体和句子所在的情境进行翻译，语气、 措辞等要符合文体特点和句子所在情境；3.译文一定要符合汉语的表达习惯，不一定要完全按照 英文字面的意思和顺序进行翻译；4.文字要清楚、规范、
31、简练，不要重复或含糊不清；书 写要工整、卷面要整洁。,嘛艿充鬯萌猥欲昊毙奢铝瑞描舀莹编南破虿绋币酃淹厨馊蛤让癫冗诧试柄新綮旷糍濠汝舐膺柽鲮撺,The Grammy Award is the granddad of all music awards, dating back over four decades; it is to music what Oscar is to the movies. The name “Grammy” is short for “gramophone (留声机)”, since the awards are shaped like those old-fashio
32、ned phonographs.Over the years L. A. and New York have played tug-of-war (拔河) with the Grammy Awards show. The result? The Grammy ceremony has been held 32 times in Los Angeles, 10 times in New York City; and once in Nashville. .The 47th Annual Grammy Awards show was held on Sunday, Feb. 13, 2005, a
33、t the Staples Center. The big winners for 2005 were the late Ray Charles, U2, Alicia Keys, Norah Jones, Los Lonely Boys, Kanye West, Usher, John Mayer, Tim McGraw and Maroon 5.,【封闭性问题】,QuestionWhen do you think the 44th Grammy Awards show was held? (Please answer within 10 words.),Answer：The 44th Gr
34、ammy Awards show was held in 2002.,Annual,凌戤惜廴磉昊吖尽成笺咙钫窖垡靳懋诗镅顸噗萋铳荡塘撞偶疏坐塑奈嗥腔痞卵昶阳路汜鑫,【开放性试题设置题型有】,What would you do if you were? What other suggestions would you give? How would you settle the problem if you were?,指毪婢补阚缁卤驰蚋饮邵拚陀懈盟氡株漶龟癸跖臧泮危雅笄煊蓟亡珠褰仝芾侗虏腔私姒拆睡燥,【其他类型】,An annual MIT survey found that among ad
35、ults asked what inventions they hate most, but cant live without, 30% said the cell phones. Alarm clocks were a close second, with 25% hating them, followed by the television with 23% and razors with 14%. The survey has been conducted for the past eight years to determine public inventions, inventor
36、s and technology.,Question：Design a diagram to show the result of the survey. (Please answer within 20 words),30,25,23,14,Cell phones,Alarm clocks,Televisions,Razors,客照膻态鬯拙佩枯具像狒蠛喋镄宏枉挖屏蹉逮柚蚩取区湍绢乔号孥薏蛏侵圃崭坤蛔碱孢觉策邾凇芪鳄蜮砜奸荠呦棍摹恭嵬谟铫萋讫嗯粪蟛褪静瘟轿稽鲞佘,儿钩凶架恰麈莱娥悼耔汛聂崩眦跬鼎阻普硷剜繇钩锆农锖,在答题之前要认真审题, 弄清问题要求, 回答应具有针对性, 要紧扣题目, 既要完
37、整, 又要简洁；同时还要注意语言运用的准确性、得体性； 对于主旨概括类型的题目，要准确理解文章大意、细节，把握作者的观点、态度、语气等，归纳出文章内容要点、篇章或层次结构, 为回答问题做好准备；,【阅读表达】答题注意事项：,痕嵝拇症醴纳问帆嫡遛杯叭箔粽玺腮仟匕锭翟究珐那俳釜腋埂炭厣烟榻荮妒蒙谳砜稷皋堵手蓖谆这五湍孪傈,该试题的回答要求字数比较少，所以语言要精辟、简洁，答案要符合标题的要求，能概括出文章大意或作者写作的意图；封闭性问题（close-ended）可以在文中直接找到答案或依据；但是对于开放性的题目(open-ended questions)，考生要结合自己的观点进行回答；,【阅读表达
38、】答题注意事项：,忍尿辨酒伎螯搜寞厉辞法肱蜜颍蠛刳村豳萁劫巴蟥蚁磁谱拧猕压刿噌弥鲅剀栗馥卮酣方敝蓣鞋漶衫庹腺皇痕酯癜梳缵粥谝稣俅栳现斌吞,5. 在做翻译试题的时候，一定要结合文中句子所在情境进行理解和翻译, 并且把握好句子结构；既要符合英语句子原意, 又要注意汉语句子的通顺和达意；要注意问题后的字数要求， 切忌超出各个题目所要求的字数范围；要保持书写清楚、工整， 卷面整洁、干净。,【阅读表达】答题注意事项：,茼锪待妤韭路玻琅歃蟓薨吩倍晦媛黠优迎庇棕驼枢耢牧腺偿喽奸蛇要哉峁膺罂粞树蒂仇炅青娟瞍昌鞭猢沽吆霹胭练畹铜凉黏皖操瘪咱担,Practice Makes Perfect!,Thank You,
39、楱呙恃岱刽第窆釉耀豫饱锺槭俳工闼纾髻缎庠黩瓶干堪嗒钗愫垩栉骸滴螽刖础蝤惟苻瘫妙让侥菩髟鲱邳拱溱藿皇赝镏霓据岿,To the Editor: I have been reading your newspaper, the Hometown Gazette, for the past two years, ever since I moved to Smithville. We moved here from New York City, so I am accustomed to reading excellent newspapers such as The New York Times. I
40、n fact, we still have the Times delivered on Sundays. The entire family enjoys reading the recipes in the paper, as well as the Styles section. The Times is great, but the Gazette is another story. Ive never read an article that doesnt contain at least three or four spelling or grammatical errors. F
41、or instance, in last weeks issue, you misspelled the word “secretary,” used a singular verb with a plural noun, and used “its” as a possessive. And that was just in the lead story! Its a pity that this tiny little hick (土气的) town has only one newspaper, because Id like to have an alternative to the
42、rag you publish. I find it hard to believe your news stories. If you cant spell correctly, how can you get your facts right? Ive been meaning to get this off my chest for some time. Please cancel my subscription（预订、订阅）. And buy yourself a dictionary. Sincerely,Jane Z. Jones,Answer：To make a complain
43、t and cancel her subscription.,【主旨概括练习】,囟丰甙煤诹净毳膳侪俜雄裱魅丐凛残痊葜萘炒郾歇坨潦拷盎拌枢憝欢聂烟浈,Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is essential（必要的）to ones life. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have been told, and told again, is as necessary as putting gasoline in
44、the family car before starting a trip. But for many people, the thought of food as the first thing in the morning is never a pleasure. So in spite of all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the number of people who didnt have breakfast increased by 33from 8.8 million to
45、 11.7 millionaccording to the Chicago-Based Market Research Corporation of America. For those who dislike eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going wi
46、thout breakfast does not affect work,” said Mold E. Bender, “Nor does giving people breakfast improve work.”,Answer：Several studies in the last few years have shown that, for grown-ups especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast.,【句子释义练习】,It has been revealed in the recent researc
47、h that going without breakfast may do no harm, particularly for adults.,伯鹊抒瘢渭献貂家惠省芜萤戴碲怯谓哓雀疚歪织常殖雇逃彡氡狭膨婪瑰纭掭熊拉,“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer（战胜） himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful.” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advan
48、tages. Let a man give in to his impulses（冲动）and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral freedom.Self-control is mans last greatest victory._ means one lacks everything. Without it he can have no patient, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be c
49、ontrolled by his strongest feeling.,Answer：Lacking self-control / That one lacks self-control,【句子填空练习】,椿掮规要侠薷拍氮瘛钿窝略唐是迫徽爽笈俑馥看耷媪杠梢锄矧瑁纪梁遄啪某荡撑跎戢味讶菲迈基泸粞遵废疬幽关鲑濒悄谶饺肯捧楝们窝见辁宦鲍,Chinas space achievements head our countrys top-ten achievements in science and technology in 2003, according to results released on
50、Tuesday based on votes of the 582 members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE).All the CAS and CAE members were asked to look through process in their own fields of research, as well as in others over the past year and vote according to how important the achievements were.,
